Problems of risk management in the technosphere最新文献

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF EMERGENCY RESCUE SERVICE EXERCISES TO PRACTICE ACTIONS IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION OF AN AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT","authors":"Vitaliy Krymsky, Vladislav Golovenko","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-102-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-102-116","url":null,"abstract":"The tasks that need to be worked out during exercises to improve the safety and efficiency of the organization of air traffic are considered. The main problem in solving the problems of fire safety is the time to make a single correct decision when carrying out rescue operations. Recently, exercises involving all responding units have become widespread because they can help to work out the practical tasks of rescuing people and the most rational management decisions in conditions of limited initial information and the presence of many criteria that can not be foreseen. This article considers the issues of management and interaction of fire-fighting, rescue, canine and other services during fire-extinguishing and tactical exercises to organize fire-fighting and rescue of people in situations of aircraft accidents. On the basis of the accumulated world experience in aircraft accidents and the analysis of the consequences of various aircraft accidents, the methodological recommendations for training of rescue units in simulating emergency situations of aircraft in various variants of abnormal situations were worked out.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF MIXED-TYPE DAMS","authors":"Nikolay Babin, Aleksey V. Kulinkovich, Ernest Estrin","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-20-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-20-33","url":null,"abstract":"When the body of dams of various types is destroyed, the problems of interaction of water flows with soil from local materials and with the concrete base of the dam, as well as the development of filtration processes in the body of the dam, become relevant. This model allows us to describe both the mechanism of failure of mixed-type dams and the erosion of soil in the coastal zone, for example, formed as a result of a breakthrough wave, which leads to catastrophic consequences. To obtain practical results, there is a need to simplify the processes being studied. The main problem in problems of soil erosion by turbulent water flow is an adequate description of sediment transport. Typically, for these purposes, semi-empirical formulas are used, obtained for various conditions (extremely rarely specified) and giving very different results. In this work, to describe the processes of soil erosion, the theory of the bottom layer is used, which makes it possible to derive a formula for sediment consumption theoretically. The proposed model combines approaches developed in well-known models of continuum theory and hydraulics.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON-BOARD MONITORING OF POLLUTANTS EMISSIONS BY PASSENGER AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES","authors":"Olga Lozhkina, Konstantin Malchikov","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-193-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-193-206","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the results of the experimental study of emission rates of passenger gasoline and diesel passenger cars and light commercial vehicles as a function of average speed from 5 to 50 km/h and accumulated mileage. It has been shown that the emissions of most modern vehicles with the mileage exceeding 100 000 km, regardless the initial environmental class, are quite of the same range as the emissions of vehicles without catalyst. It has been also confirmed that the highest emission rates are observed at speeds from 5 to 20 km/h, typical for traffic congestion, and the minimum emission rates are observed at speeds from 25 to 50 km/h.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL MANIFESTATIONS AS TRIGGERS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND SCENARIOS OF THEIR MUTUAL TRANSFORMATION","authors":"S. Ivakhnyuk, Sergey Sharapov, Y. Motorygin","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-60-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-60-73","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of the reports are presented on the state of protection of the population and territories of the Russian Federation from natural and man-made emergencies for the period from 2012 to 2021 and the approved criteria for classifying emergencies, which was carried out in order to establish the need to develop and substantiate new approaches to accounting and systematization of emergencies. \u0000It is proposed to consider not only man-made and natural processes, but also genetically combining them with social ones, manifestations of political, environmental and religious extremism and terrorism, necessary for accounting as biological and social emergencies, as one of the main stimulators of the occurrence of emergencies, as well as scenarios for the mutual transition of their different types.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TO THE QUESTION OF IMPROVING THE REGULATORY BASE ON FIRE SAFETY OF RACK-UP SHIPS","authors":"Nikolay Kopeykin, Farid Dali","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-149-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-149-158","url":null,"abstract":"The actual problem of improving the regulatory documentation on fire safety of rack-mounted inland water transport vessels used as hotels, restaurants and nightclubs, in which there is a significant number of visitors (mass stay of people), is considered. There is an increase in the number of such vessels, and, consequently, an increased risk of fires with severe consequences. \u0000The purpose of the work is to improve the regulatory framework for fire safety of moored ships. The study used the method of analyzing statistics and problematic issues of their suppression. The results of the work showed the need to assess the features of ensuring the safety of rack-mounted non-self-propelled vessels. Based on the processing, analysis and systematization of the data obtained, it will be possible to develop proposals for further implementation in legal documents and assess the feasibility of their application.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMATION OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SYSTEM FOR WATER TREATMENT AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS","authors":"Viktor Silinskiy, Leonid Sokolov","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-207-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-207-219","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental safety refers to the state of protection of the natural environment and humans by ensuring an acceptable level of negative impact of natural and anthropogenic environmental hazards on the environment and humans. Based on the principles of nature similarity, resource substitution and conservation, modules and components of environmental safety of drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment processes have been formed. The functions of each module of the aquatic safety ecosystem are disclosed. Dangerous events and hazard factors in the processes of water treatment and water treatment are presented. The content of the system components of environmental safety of water treatment and wastewater treatment processes has been established: sanitary and epidemiological safety, consumer safety, technical safety, environmental safety of production and environmental and economic safety. An algorithm for the environmentally sustainable functioning of water management facilities, long-term and trouble-free operation of water treatment equipment, preservation of the health of water consumers and minimizing the impact on reservoirs, natural water sources (underground and surface) is proposed.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF AIRMOBILE TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR THE DELIVERY OF PERSONNEL OF RESCUE UNITS AND VARIOUS CARGOES WHEN PERFORMING TASKS FOR THEIR INTENDED PURPOSE IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"Alexander Shidlovsky, Philip Tarabrin, Aleksandr Toropkin, Timofey Sulima","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-45-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-45-59","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the implementation of airmobile technologies for the purpose of emergency rescue and search and rescue operations, carrying out measures to protect the population in case of natural and man-made emergencies, measures to eliminate the consequences of emergencies in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with its huge distances and the focal nature of infrastructure development is due to: an underdeveloped road network; the dispersion of settlements over a vast territory and remoteness small settlements from district centers with vital infrastructure; seasonality of navigation of water transport; the rapidly developing economic activity in the region, the need for search and rescue and rescue support for facilities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. \u0000When analyzing the effectiveness of airmobile technologies used to deliver personnel of rescue units and various cargoes when performing tasks for their intended purpose in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the following aspects of the use of aviation during search and rescue tasks by units of EMERCOM of Russia were considered: types, tactical and technical characteristics, capabilities of aircraft equipped with aviation of EMERCOM of Russia; ways of implementing airmobile technologies for the delivery of personnel and cargo by air transport; the specifics of the implementation of airmobile technologies in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In order to ensure the implementation of airmobile technologies, a number of measures are recommended, \u0000in particular, to organize an airborne service in the Arctic integrated emergency rescue center, to provide cargo and human parachute systems, landing equipment and property.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC DIRECTION IN THE FIELD OF PREVENTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES","authors":"Ivan Alborov, Valery Akimov, I. Oltyan, Eduard Tshovrebov","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-171-182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-171-182","url":null,"abstract":"Substantiates the strategy for the development of a promising scientific area of activity of the All-Russian research institute for civil defense and emergency situations of EMERCOM of Russia (Federal center for science and high technologies) in the field of preventing the environmental consequences of emergencies, ensuring environmental safety, in terms of the activities of EMERCOM of Russia. The development of a new interdisciplinary field of research into interrelated problems of ensuring the safety of life of the population, the state of human protection from emergencies, monitoring and forecasting their environmentally adverse consequences is becoming particularly relevant in a complex geopolitical situation, the reduction of reserves of uncontaminated natural resources, and the ever-increasing technospheric impact on the natural environment. The novelty of the approaches proposed by the authors lies in a new format for studying the processes of environmental hazard from the standpoint of preventing its occurrence at the stage and in the sources of origin. The purpose of this study was to develop new conceptual approaches, the main activities of a scientific institution in the interdisciplinary subject area of monitoring, forecasting the state of protection of the population, the natural environment, territories from threats of natural and man-made emergencies in terms of preventing dangerous environmental and related consequences. One of the applied tasks of the work was to substantiate the formation of one of the first joint dissertation councils in Russia in the scientific specialty «Environmental safety». According to the authors of the article, the development of scientific research within the framework of the work of the new dissertation council will serve as a powerful impetus to the intensification of research activities in the relevant field of knowledge aimed at ensuring the safety, favorable conditions of Russian citizens, protection and preservation of the natural environment, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IONNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF FIRE RETARDANT COATINGS IN FIRE EXAMINATION","authors":"M.Y Printseva, Tatyana Teplyakova","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-140-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-140-148","url":null,"abstract":"Fire protection of structures, as well as increasing the fire resistance of metal structures is an important task in reducing losses from fires. One common way to improve the fire resistance of a structure is to apply an intumescent flame retardant coating to the structure. Currently, expert practice has more often raised questions about establishing the presence or absence of fire protection on structures. The article considers the possibility of using the method of ion chromatography in order to determine the presence of fire-retardant components in the coating and determine the composition of the fire-retardant coating. The study was conducted on three flame retardant intumescent coatings with different binders. Two sample preparation methods were selected for the study: the study of directly aqueous solutions of intumescent coatings and the study of aqueous solutions of gases released during thermal destruction of coatings. Chromatograms of aqueous solutions of the tested coatings are given, indicating the presence of ions of fire-retardant components formed during hydrolysis. The results of the study showed that both methods have both advantages and disadvantages and can be used in preparation for analysis by ion chromatography to study flame retardant intumescent coatings.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREDICTING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHING TIME OF EXPLOSIVE COMPONENTS USING FIRE EXTINGUISHING HYDROGELS","authors":"Taras Vorontsov, Aleksey Ivanov","doi":"10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-117-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2-117-126","url":null,"abstract":". Using methods of regression analysis and neural network research, it was possible to preserve the physical properties of water-gene compositions and ensure a minimum time for extinguishing a fire in a model fire with components of industrial explosives. Neural network modeling was performed in the STATISTICA Application 10 program. The maximum discrepancy between the results of the neural network model and experimental data is 0,18 %. Regression analysis was performed in the REGRAN program. The maximum error in target results was 4,4 %. Analysis of experimental data and mathematical modeling results showed that the most significant properties of fire extinguishing agents based on hydrogels, providing minimal extinguishing time, are density and surface tension. The concentrations of the gelling agent were determined at which the water-gel composition acquires optimal physical properties for extinguishing a model outbreak of a component of an industrial explosive. Recommendations have been developed for creating hydrogel formulations with desired properties.","PeriodicalId":497475,"journal":{"name":"Problems of risk management in the technosphere","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}