Polar Research最新文献_第4页

Local temperature near native vascular plants in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region, Antarctic Peninsula: annual variability and approximation using standard meteorological measurements 阿根廷群岛-基辅半岛地区、南极半岛本地维管植物附近的局部温度：使用标准气象测量的年变化率和近似值

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8339

M. Savenets, L. Pysarenko, S. Krakovska, I. Parnikoza, D. Pishniak

{"title":"Local temperature near native vascular plants in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region, Antarctic Peninsula: annual variability and approximation using standard meteorological measurements","authors":"M. Savenets, L. Pysarenko, S. Krakovska, I. Parnikoza, D. Pishniak","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.8339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.8339","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the main features of LT variability that influence native vascular plants in the Antarctic and examine the relationship between the temperature regime at the micro-level and meteorological conditions at the macro-level. We used a period of over a year, during which 37 specialized mini-loggers recorded LT near vascular plants in the Argentine Islands–Kyiv Peninsula region of the Antarctic Peninsula. Rather than measuring standard air or soil temperature, these loggers detect the temperature near the ground, in the microhabitats that harbour vascular plants. On a daily scale, LT correlates with standard (2-m) air temperature, with the values higher at rock slopes than at rock terraces and ledges. A moderate correlation was found with wind and radiation parameters. Seasonality accounted for 75–93% of total LT variability, with better results on open rock terraces compared to protected areas and clefts. LT day-to-day variability during the cold season is mostly responsible for differences in R2 of the annual cycle. We estimated daily mean LT using regression dependencies from 2-m air temperature and wind speed measured at a nearby meteorological station. R2 for these statistical models varies from 0.46 to 0.68. However, they underestimate the observed LT. LT measured on rock slopes showed better modelling results with air temperature, whereas wind speed was a better predictor on rock ledges. This study contributes to our understanding of the micro-scale temperature regime that influences native vascular plants and provides a method for its rough approximation using standard meteorological parameters.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48131589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon exchange and primary production in a High-Arctic peatland in Svalbard 斯瓦尔巴群岛北极高地泥炭地的碳交换和初级生产

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8541

T. Nakatsubo, M. Hirota, A. Kishimoto-Mo, N. Oura, M. Uchida

{"title":"Carbon exchange and primary production in a High-Arctic peatland in Svalbard","authors":"T. Nakatsubo, M. Hirota, A. Kishimoto-Mo, N. Oura, M. Uchida","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.8541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.8541","url":null,"abstract":"Moss tundra with a thick peat layer dominated by bryophytes is one of the most important ecosystems in the High Arctic of Svalbard, but little is known about the carbon dynamics of moss tundra. Here, we estimated the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of moss tundra on Brøggerhalvøya (Brøgger Peninsula) of north-western Svalbard (79°N). The net photosynthetic and respiration rates of the two dominant moss species, Calliergon richardsonii and Tomenthypnum nitens, were measured under laboratory conditions. On the basis of the photosynthetic and respiration characteristics and climatic data, we estimated the cumulative NPP of the dominant moss species during the growing season to be 143–207 gC m-2. Net CO2 exchange, which was determined by subtracting the respiration of the brown moss layer from NPP, was similar to that estimated using field gas flux measurements. The field measurements indicated that methane emissions contributed little to carbon flow. The NEP estimated in this study was much larger than the long-term carbon accumulation rate reported in a previous study. These data suggest that a significant amount of fixed carbon was lost from the peat layer or that carbon accumulation has recently increased. The NPP and NEP values of the moss tundra are larger than those reported for other vegetation types in this area, suggesting that moss tundra is an active site with high rates of carbon fixation.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42360985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceptions of decision-makers about a potential forum of cooperation in the eastern part of the North American Arctic 决策者对北美北极东部潜在合作论坛的看法

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.9026

Mathieu Landriault, Jean-François Savard, Anna Soer

{"title":"Perceptions of decision-makers about a potential forum of cooperation in the eastern part of the North American Arctic","authors":"Mathieu Landriault, Jean-François Savard, Anna Soer","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9026","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation in the Arctic region has been fruitful in the past few decades, generating several multilateral organizations and forums covering the entire circumpolar North. In many cases, forums were created to serve as catalysts, bringing together decision-makers from different backgrounds in a conference setting to promote dialogue and the exchange of ideas. To enquire about the possibility of creating a forum of cooperation in the eastern North American Arctic, a total of five governmental officials from Canada, Denmark, Nunavut, Québec and Greenland, and one elected representative from Greenland were interviewed with the same set of five questions. The governmental officials were in senior positions at the main department focusing on foreign affairs in their respective jurisdictions. Most thought that a new forum of cooperation in the region would be highly desirable, on the grounds of shared interests, common identity and cultural affinities. Consensual positions were also found regarding the central role that civil society would play in a new cooperative venue and on sub-national governments assuming a leading role to spearhead the initiative. Following these interviews, it is difficult to pinpoint one government that could alone spearhead this new forum of cooperation. However, the governments of Nunavut and Greenland were the most enthusiastic about such a new regional forum. Given Greenland’s drive to complete independence, this type of forum could prove to be a statement of diplomatic motivation and ambition, tilting toward proto-diplomacy and an international policy that prepares the terrain for complete autonomy.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41925337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An observation of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) mating behaviour in the wild 野生白鲸(Delphinapterus leucas)交配行为的观察

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8875

C. Lydersen, Kerstin C Langenberger, K. Kovacs

{"title":"An observation of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) mating behaviour in the wild","authors":"C. Lydersen, Kerstin C Langenberger, K. Kovacs","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.8875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.8875","url":null,"abstract":"Herein we describe mating behaviour observed in a group of 20 white whales in Svalbard, Norway. A single female was the centre of attention during the 45-minute encounter, which was observed, photographed and videotaped at an ice edge in Storfjorden in June 2022. Several males surrounded the female and vigorously herded her from all sides. The female spy-hopped regularly, and sometimes her whole body was pushed out of the water by the other animals. High tail-lifts and tail-slapping were frequently performed by males, and erect penises were observed many times. Trumpet calls were also heard. At one point, three males with erect penises pressed themselves against the female simultaneously. The female was bleeding from wounds on her head and neck that were seemingly inflicted by bites from the other whales. She was also bleeding from her genital slit. A single copulation was seen at the surface, but it is likely that multiple males mated successfully with the female during the encounter. The event was more boisterous and violent than what has been described in captive white whales. We cannot assess how representative this observation is of typical reproductive behaviour for the species. But the encounter was remarkably similar to what has been described for several species of bottlenose dolphins that have male alliances that consort with individual females, restricting the female’s escape and keeping her accessible to mating only by members of the group.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult survival and annual movement patterns of common snipe in Iceland 冰岛普通鹬的成年生存和年度活动模式

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8616

A. Petersen, Sverrir Thorstensen, I. K. Petersen, Scott W. Petrek, Kane Brides, Anna M. Calvert, M. Mallory, G. Robertson, S. Gutowsky

引用次数: 0

A comparison of an operational wave–ice model product and drifting wave buoy observation in the central Arctic Ocean: investigating the effect of sea-ice forcing in thin ice cover 北冰洋中部波浪-冰模型产品和漂移波浪浮标观测结果的比较：研究薄冰盖中海冰强迫的影响

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8874

T. Nose, J. Rabault, T. Waseda, T. Kodaira, Yasushi Fujiwara, Tomotaka Katsuno, N. Kanna, K. Tateyama, J. Voermans, Tatiana Aleekseva

{"title":"A comparison of an operational wave–ice model product and drifting wave buoy observation in the central Arctic Ocean: investigating the effect of sea-ice forcing in thin ice cover","authors":"T. Nose, J. Rabault, T. Waseda, T. Kodaira, Yasushi Fujiwara, Tomotaka Katsuno, N. Kanna, K. Tateyama, J. Voermans, Tatiana Aleekseva","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.8874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.8874","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype OpenMetBuoy (OMB) was deployed alongside a commercial buoy in the central Arctic Ocean, north of the Laptev Sea, where there are historically no wave observations available. The inter-buoy comparison showed that the OMB measured wave heights and periods accurately, so the buoy data were used to study the predictability of a wave–ice model. The first event we studied was when both buoys observed a sudden decrease in significant wave heights Hm0, which was caused by the change of wind directions from along the ice edge to off-ice wind. The Arctic Ocean Wave Analysis and Forecast wave–ice model product (ARC MFC) underestimated the Hm0 on the account of the fetch being constrained by the inaccurate model representation of an ice tongue. The second case was an on-ice wave event as new ice formed. In this instance, the ARC MFC wave–ice model product largely underestimated the downwind buoy Hm0. Model sea-ice conditions were examined by comparing the ARC MFC sea-ice forcing with the neXtSIM sea-ice model product, and our analysis revealed the ARC MFC did not resolve thin ice thickness distribution for ice types like young and grey ice, typically less than 30 cm. The ARC MFC model’s wave dissipation rate has a sea-ice thickness dependence and overestimated wave dissipation in thin ice cover; sea-ice forcing that can resolve the thin thickness distribution is needed to improve the predictability. This study provides an observational insight into better predictions of waves in marginal ice zones when new ice forms.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43619270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Personal submersibles offer novel ecological research access to Antarctic waters: an example, with observations of the rarely encountered scyphozoan Stygiomedusa gigantea 个人潜水器为南极水域的生态研究提供了新的途径:例如，观察很少遇到的棘足动物巨蜥

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8873

D. Moore, A. Flink, Eva Prendergast, Antony Gilbert

引用次数: 0

Possible signs of recovery of the nearly extirpated Spitsbergen bowhead whales: calves observed in east Greenland 濒临灭绝的斯匹次卑尔根弓头鲸可能恢复的迹象：在格陵兰岛东部观察到的幼鲸

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8809

O. Tervo, M. Louis, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, M. Heide‐Jørgensen, Rikke G. Hansen

引用次数: 0

Book review of Thinking like an iceberg, by Olivier Remaud (2022). Stephen Muecke, trans. Medford, MA: Polity. 180 pp. ISBN 978-1-509-55148-4. 《像冰山一样思考》，奥利维尔·雷蒙著(2022)。Stephen Muecke，翻译。Medford, MA: Polity. 180页。ISBN 978-1-509-55148-4。

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-01-19 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.9249

Isabelle Gapp

引用次数: 0

Diesel spills under stilted buildings in Canadian Arctic villages: what is the best remediation method? 加拿大北极村庄吊脚楼下的柴油泄漏：最好的补救方法是什么？

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v41.7724

V. Taillard, R. Martel, L. Pasquier, J. Blais, V. Gilbert, G. Mercier

{"title":"Diesel spills under stilted buildings in Canadian Arctic villages: what is the best remediation method?","authors":"V. Taillard, R. Martel, L. Pasquier, J. Blais, V. Gilbert, G. Mercier","doi":"10.33265/polar.v41.7724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v41.7724","url":null,"abstract":"In remote communities in the Canadian Arctic, petroleum hydrocarbons supply most household energy needs. Their transportation and use frequently incurs small volume spills in populated areas. The remediation method that is currently used when such spills affect the soil under northern villages’ stilted buildings is expensive and not well suited to local conditions. Here, we review local constraints and environmental considerations and select the best remediation technology for this context: in situ chemical oxidation, involving sodium persulfate (SPS) alkali activated with calcium peroxide (CP). Activated SPS presents a good reactivity and amenability to compounds found in diesel. Its high persistence allows a gradual contaminant degradation, regulating heat release from exothermic reactions associated with the oxidative reactions. CP provides suitable alkali activation, acts itself as an oxidant and provides O2 into the subsurface, which may favour a final smoothing bioremediation step. The SPS properties and the contaminant amenability mean that diesel is removed relatively efficiently, while the subsurface temperature increase is limited, thus preserving the residual permafrost. The solid form of the chemicals offers safe and economic transportation and operation, along with versatility regarding the preparation and distribution of the oxidizing solution into the subsurface. Finally, the oxidation by-products resulting from this method are not considered to be environmentally problematic in the context of the application, and they can be partly confined during the treatment.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42822413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1