Polar Research最新文献_第2页

Norwegian killer whale movements reflect their different prey types 挪威虎鲸的活动反映了其不同的猎物类型

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v43.9840

Emma F. Vogel, Audun H. Rikardsen, Marie-Anne Blanchet, Pierre Blévin, Martin Biuw

{"title":"Norwegian killer whale movements reflect their different prey types","authors":"Emma F. Vogel, Audun H. Rikardsen, Marie-Anne Blanchet, Pierre Blévin, Martin Biuw","doi":"10.33265/polar.v43.9840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v43.9840","url":null,"abstract":"Norwegian killer whales (Orcinus orca) are thought to be generalists that feed primarily on fish, but some individuals have been observed targeting pinnipeds. In the study reported here, field observations of foraging behaviours formed the basis of a priori classification as either seal-eaters or fish-eaters. Concurrent collection of photographic identification and biopsies for stable isotope analysis were used to validate prey choice classification. We found through satellite tracking that whales classified as seal-eaters took different paths south after leaving the northern fjords seemingly optimized for pinniped predation. Specifically, we found that seal-eaters took paths that tightly followed the coastline, remaining on average 6.9 ± 10.7 km (mean ± SD, n = 315) from the coast, whereas fish-eaters moved offshore along the continental shelf, travelling on average 45.1 ± 30.2 km (n = 1534) from the coast. We also found that, compared to fish-eaters, seal-eaters displayed more movements directed towards harbour seal haul-outs (p = 0.001). As expected, our data suggest that the fish-eaters feed primarily on fish, whilst seal-eaters appear to opportunistically use diverse foraging strategies optimized for either fish or seals based on availability and preference. Our findings demonstrate that tracking data can elucidate Norwegian killer whale movements associated with different prey types and selection.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140198517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First recorded ice entrapment of a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) in east Greenland 格陵兰岛东部首次记录到白鲸（Delphinapterus leucas）被冰困住的情况

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v43.9844

Kristin L. Laidre, Jasmine Ware, Marie Zahn, Peter Hegelund, Jon Aars

引用次数: 0

Cretaceous–Palaeogene lobsters, Hoploparia stokesi (Weller, 1903), from Antarctica: historical review, and transfer of specimens from the United States Polar Rock Repository 南极洲白垩纪-古近纪龙虾 Hoploparia stokesi (Weller, 1903)：历史回顾和美国极地岩石库标本的转移

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v43.9866

Loren E. Babcock, Rodney F. Feldmann, Anne Grunow

引用次数: 0

Garbage consumption by Arctic terrestrial predators in one of the most pristine land areas on Earth 地球上最原始陆地之一的北极陆生食肉动物的垃圾消耗量

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v43.9756

Araceli Gort-Esteve, Muzit Abrham, Christian Carøe, Johannes Måsviken, Susana Freire, Nicolas Lecomte, Patrícia Pečnerová, Anders Angerbjörn, Jordi Bartolomé Filella, Karin Norén, Fredrik Dalerum

{"title":"Garbage consumption by Arctic terrestrial predators in one of the most pristine land areas on Earth","authors":"Araceli Gort-Esteve, Muzit Abrham, Christian Carøe, Johannes Måsviken, Susana Freire, Nicolas Lecomte, Patrícia Pečnerová, Anders Angerbjörn, Jordi Bartolomé Filella, Karin Norén, Fredrik Dalerum","doi":"10.33265/polar.v43.9756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v43.9756","url":null,"abstract":"Garbage may cause substantial environmental perturbations, in part because of its consumption by wildlife. Such consumption may have direct health implications for animals and may also influence trophic relationships. Even in pristine Arctic ecosystems, wildlife feeding in marine environments consume garbage in the form of plastic debris transported by ocean currents. We show that Arctic wildlife in pristine terrestrial environments may also ingest garbage or food items derived from abandoned camp sites. We found the remains of a chocolate wrapper and a milk powder bag in two Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) scats and a piece of cloth in an Arctic wolf (Canis lupus arctos) scat collected near Nares Strait, northern Greenland, one of the most pristine terrestrial wilderness regions on Earth. Found on Washington Land and associated with long-abandoned camp sites, these three scats were among 657 Arctic fox scats and 92 wolf scats collected as part of a larger study. Our study demonstrates that these two highly opportunistic predators managed to consume garbage despite the almost complete lack of human activity in this High-Arctic region. Our results highlight that abandoned anthropogenic material in the High Arctic may function as a source of garbage for local terrestrial wildlife over extended time periods, and that garbage consumption may become a potential issue if human activity in remote Arctic regions increases.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An agenda for the future of Arctic snow research: the view from Svalbard 北极雪地研究的未来议程：来自斯瓦尔巴群岛的观点

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.8827

Christian Zdanowicz, Jean-Charles Gallet, Rosamaria Salvatori, Eirik Malnes, Ketil Isaksen, Christiane Hübner, Eleanor Jones, Heikki Lihavainen

{"title":"An agenda for the future of Arctic snow research: the view from Svalbard","authors":"Christian Zdanowicz, Jean-Charles Gallet, Rosamaria Salvatori, Eirik Malnes, Ketil Isaksen, Christiane Hübner, Eleanor Jones, Heikki Lihavainen","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.8827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.8827","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic region is warming at over twice the mean rate of the Northern Hemisphere and nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979. The local rate of warming is even higher in the European archipelago of Svalbard. This warming is transforming the terrestrial snow cover, which modulates surface energy exchanges with the atmosphere, accounts for most of the runoff in Arctic catchments and is also a transient reservoir of atmospherically deposited compounds, including pollutants. Improved observations, understanding and modelling of changes in Arctic snow cover are needed to anticipate the effects these changes will have on the Arctic climate, atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems and socioeconomic factors. Svalbard has been an international hub of polar research for many decades and benefits from a well-developed science infrastructure. Here, we present an agenda for the future of snow research in Svalbard, jointly developed by a multidisciplinary community of experts. We review recent trends in snow research, identify key knowledge gaps, prioritize future research efforts and recommend supportive actions to advance our knowledge of present and future snow conditions pertaining to glacier mass balance, permafrost, surface hydrology, terrestrial ecology, the cycling and fate of atmospheric contaminants, and remote sensing of snow cover. This perspective piece addresses issues relevant to the circumpolar North and could be used as a template for other national or international Arctic research plans.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"79 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139407991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of A journey in Antarctica: exploring the future of the white continent, by Sergio Rossi (2022). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Praxis Books. 198 pp. ISBN 978-3-030-89491-7; ISBN (eBook) 978-3-030-89492-4. 评论《南极之旅：探索白色大陆的未来》，塞尔吉奥-罗西著（2022 年）。瑞士查姆：Springer Praxis Books.198 pp.ISBN 978-3-030-89491-7；ISBN（电子书）978-3-030-89492-4。

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.10046

Javier Menéndez-Blázquez

引用次数: 0

Influence of Seasonal Sea Ice Loss on Arctic Precipitation δ18O: A GCM-Based Analysis of Monthly Data 季节性海冰损失对北极降水 δ18O 的影响：基于 GCM 的月度数据分析

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.9751

Wenxuan Song, Zhongfang Liu, Haimao Lan, Xiaohe Huan

{"title":"Influence of Seasonal Sea Ice Loss on Arctic Precipitation δ18O: A GCM-Based Analysis of Monthly Data","authors":"Wenxuan Song, Zhongfang Liu, Haimao Lan, Xiaohe Huan","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9751","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid Arctic warming and sea ice loss have led to an intensification of the Arctic hydrological cycle, which is characterized by increased local evaporation and precipitation. Stable water isotopes as environmental tracers can provide useful insights into the Arctic hydrological cycle. However, the paucity of isotopic observations in the Arctic has limited our understanding of the hydrological changes. Here, we use an isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model (IsoGSM) combined with the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) observations to investigate the relationship between sea ice changes and Arctic precipitation d18O (d18Op), and reveal the relative influence of local air temperature and evaporation on Arctic summer and winter d18Op. We find that the Arctic d18Op is negatively correlated with sea ice concentration, but positively with air temperature. Sea ice loss leads to enriched Arctic d18Op through enhanced local evaporation and warming, but the relative importance of these processes varies between seasons. During summer, both local evaporation and warming contribute equally to d18Op changes. In contrast, winter δ18O is predominantly driven by air temperature. This work improves our understanding of how Arctic precipitation isotopes respond to sea ice changes and has implications for the Arctic hydrological cycle and paleotemperature reconstructions.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increases in graminoids after three decades of change in the High Arctic 高纬度北极地区三十年变化后啮齿类动物的增加

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.9560

James A. Schaefer

{"title":"Increases in graminoids after three decades of change in the High Arctic","authors":"James A. Schaefer","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9560","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change portends serious implications for Arctic vegetation. Understanding these effects is likely to be enhanced with long-term observations from permanent plots. I evaluated three decades of change in tundra vegetation from 80 permanent plots on south-eastern Victoria Island, Nunavut, Canada. I compared baseline (1991 and 1992) and contemporary (2019 and 2022) periods in the cover and frequency of graminoids, mosses and common species of forbs, shrubs and lichens. I found substantial shifts in cover of several species and growth forms—an increase in graminoids, decreases in Dryas integrifolia, Polygonum viviparum and Saxifraga oppositifolia, and marginally significant declines in mosses and Cassiope tetragona, but no detectable changes in other groups. The decline in Dryas integrifolia was more pronounced at lower elevations and was noticeable as patches of apparent mortality, inside the plots and elsewhere. The shifts in species abundance were not significantly correlated with each other, nor with changes in soil depth. These changes, manifest as communities with more abundant graminoids, are consistent with expected climate change effects in colder regions of the Arctic. Repeated observations of permanent plots can aid in detecting and understanding long-term ecological change.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138561067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying invertebrate species in Arctic muskox dung using DNA barcoding 利用 DNA 条形码识别北极麝香狐粪便中的无脊椎动物物种

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.9017

Anaïs Dittrich, Johannes Lang, Cornelia Schütz, B. Sittler, B. Eitzinger

{"title":"Identifying invertebrate species in Arctic muskox dung using DNA barcoding","authors":"Anaïs Dittrich, Johannes Lang, Cornelia Schütz, B. Sittler, B. Eitzinger","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9017","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic is undergoing strong environmental changes, affecting species and whole biological communities. To assess the impact on these communities, including their composition and functions, we need more information on their current distribution and biology. In the High-Arctic tundra, dung from animals, such as muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), is a relatively understudied microhabitat that may be attractive for organisms like dung-feeding insects as well as gastrointestinal parasites. Using a DNA barcoding approach, we examined muskox droppings from two Greenlandic regions for dung-dwelling invertebrates. In 15% of all samples, we found the DNA of insect species in the orders Diptera and Lepidoptera. The saprophagous Diptera colonized dung differently in west versus north-east Greenland and summer versus winter. In addition, we found muskox dung harbouring endoparasitic nematodes in samples from both regions. However, we could not find traces of saprophagous arthropods, such as collembolans and mites, from the soil sphere. Our pilot study sheds a first light on the invertebrates living in this neglected Arctic microhabitat.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"33 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Summertime tintinnids in surface water of the Weddell and Cosmonaut seas: community structure and relationships with different water masses 威德尔海和科斯莫纳特海夏季表层海水中的褐藻：群落结构及与不同水团的关系

IF 1.9 4区地球科学

Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-23 DOI: 10.33265/polar.v42.9469

Jingyuan Li, Haibo Li, Chaofeng Wang, Yuan Zhao, Li Zhao, Yi Dong, Wuchang Zhang

{"title":"Summertime tintinnids in surface water of the Weddell and Cosmonaut seas: community structure and relationships with different water masses","authors":"Jingyuan Li, Haibo Li, Chaofeng Wang, Yuan Zhao, Li Zhao, Yi Dong, Wuchang Zhang","doi":"10.33265/polar.v42.9469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33265/polar.v42.9469","url":null,"abstract":"Tintinnids (Ciliophora) are important microzooplankton grazers. In the Southern Ocean, they are found in the Antarctic Zone, Polar Front and Subantarctic Zone. The Antarctic Zone encompasses large gyres (Weddell Gyre and Ross Gyre) and the Antarctic Slope Current around the continent. The influence of these water masses on tintinnid communities has not been studied. This study investigated the tintinnid community structure in the Weddell and Cosmonaut seas in the summer of 2022. In the Weddell Gyre, tintinnid abundance was significantly lower in the interior than at the fronts. The dominant species differed between the east and west fronts: the proportion of Codonellopsis gaussi was high at the west front, whilst Laackmanniella naviculaefera, Salpingella sp. and Salpingella faurei showed high abundances at the east front. Tintinnid communities varied from inshore to offshore of the Cosmonaut Sea, possibly because of the influence from the Antarctic Slope Current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Antarctic Slope Current was characterized by the occurrence of Cymatocylis drygalskii, whilst the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was characterized by Codonellopsis glacialis, Cymatocylis convallaria and Cy. calyciformis. We proposed that Cy. drygalskii can be used as an indicator of the Antarctic Slope Current. Moreover, we classify polymorphic C. gaussi into three types, in accordance with their loricae, and report their distribution characteristics in water masses. Our results contribute to a better understanding of tintinnid horizontal distribution in different parts of the Weddell Gyre and water masses and serve as a baseline for future studies of pelagic community responses to climate change in the Southern Ocean.","PeriodicalId":49684,"journal":{"name":"Polar Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0