Polish Polar Research最新文献

{"title":"Deposition chronologies in a peat bog from Spitsbergen (High Arctic) using the 210Pb dating method","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143310","url":null,"abstract":": This study reports on the accumulation rates and 210 Pb fluxes in Spitsbergen, Svalbard archipelago, wetlands. Six peat cores were collected in the Hornsund region, SW Spitsbergen (77°N) in 2007. The ages of peat layers were obtained with the Constant Flux/Constant Sedimentation and Constant Rate of Supply models based on the 210 Pb-dating technique. The obtained 210 Pb flux values ranged from 28 to 50 Bq m –2 y –1 , which was consistent with the level of 222 Rn emanation estimated for northern latitudes. The values of vertical and mass accumulation rates were slightly lower than reference data for peatlands of 50°−70°N. Furthermore, the vertical variations of peat accumulation rates exhibited the highest values in the upper part of the examined cores. The increasing tendency may be due in part to low compaction and low decomposition in the youngest peat layers. The analysis of the peat accumulation rate as a function of organic matter content and bulk density revealed positive and negative correlations, respectively, rather strong in both cases. The air temperature and precipitation gradients in the last few decades may have affected peat growth rates, which should be thoroughly investigated in future projects. Undoubtedly, the reported findings have provided a valuable addition to the relatively sparse dataset on recent peat deposits in Spitsbergen.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2016 29","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution, host specificity and genetic diversity of Onchobothrium antarcticum in the Southern Ocean","authors":"Ilya I. Gordeev, Tatyana A. Polyakova, Alexander A. Volkov","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.137148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.137148","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we summarize the current knowledge on the spatial distribution, host specificity and genetic diversity of Onchobothrium antarcticum, an endemic Antarctic cestode. We recorded it in seven fish species, elasmobranchs Amblyraja georgiana, Bathyraja eatonii, and B. maccaini and teleosts Antimora rostrata, Chionobathyscus dewitti, Dissostichus mawsoni, and Muraenolepis marmorata, caught in the Ross Sea, the D’Urville Sea, the Mawson Sea, and the Weddell Sea. The infection of A. rostrata from the part of its distribution to the south of the Falkland Islands is reported for the first time. We obtained partial 28S rDNA and cox1 sequences of plerocercoids and adults of O. antarcticum and analyzed them together with a few previously published sequences. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis, we cannot rule out that O. antarcticum is in fact a complex of cryptic species.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy of the generative structures of the Subantarctic flowering plant Colobanthus apetalus (Labill.) Druce","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.136513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.136513","url":null,"abstract":": This study investigated the details of the morphological and anatomical structure of the generative organs of the Subantarctic flowering plant, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae - Colobanthus apetalus (Labill.) Druce. The research material was collected in hostile natural conditions in Subantarctic regions, and also was grown in the incubators and the greenhouse of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland). C . apetalus forms tufts with soft and grassy leaves and small greenish flowers that are more obvious than in other Colobanthus species. C . apetalus forms open (chasmogamic) flowers in greenhouse cultivation. The flowers most often form five stamens with two microsporangia. Over a dozen pollen grains are formed in each microsporangium. Studies of the plant material originated from natural conditions conducted by means of a light microscope, have shown that the ovules of the analyzed representative of the genus Colobanthus are anatropous, crassinucellar, and the monosporic embryo sac develops according to the Polygonum type (the most common type in angiosperms). C . apetalus plants underwent a full development cycle in greenhouse cultivation and produced fertile, perispermic seeds. During the C . apetalus growth in conditions at increased air humidity, the vivipary was also observed.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"19 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-method geophysical mapping of ground properties and periglacial geomorphology in Hans Glacier forefield, SW Spitsbergen","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.140363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.140363","url":null,"abstract":": This article presents the results of a geophysical survey from which detailed images of glacial and periglacial landforms and subsurface structures were obtained. Sediments and landforms on newly deglaciated terrain can be used to reconstruct the extent and character of glaciers in the past and add to the understanding of their response to climate and environmental changes. To derive spatial information from complex geomorphological terrain, joint interpretation of three non-intrusive geophysical methods were applied: Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and time-lapse Seismic Tomography. These were used to identify subsurface structures in the forefield of the retreating Hans Glacier in SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Three main zones were distinguished and described: outwash plain, terminal moraine from the last glacial maximum, and glacial forefield proximal to the glacier front. Geophysical profiles across these zones reveal information on glacio-fluvial sediment thickness and structure, ice thickness and structure, and bedrock topography. The freezing-thawing effect of the active layer has a strong and deep impact, as demonstrated by variations in P-wave velocity in the obtained outcomes. The results are discussed in the context of the current climate in Svalbard. This study provides a snapshot of ground parameters and the current state of the subsurface in southern Spitsbergen. The boundary between sediment-bedrock layers was estimated to be from 5 to 20 m in depth. It is the first such extensive description of periglacial structures in the forefield of the Hans Glacier, utilising the longest ERT profile (1500 m) in Svalbard together with deep GPR and precise seismic tomography.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2009 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and distribution of European whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) in the watercourses of Murmansk region","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.138589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.138589","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2012 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humic acids from an Arctic fjord, Krossfjorden, Spitsbergen","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.143311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.143311","url":null,"abstract":": Humic substances are ubiquitous materials found in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Humic acids, a diagenetic product can interact with various components present in aquatic sediments. The present research is on the evaluation of sedimentary humic acids from the Krossfjorden glacial fjord situated within the Svalbard archipelago. The results of this study are needed to understand the structural characteristics of humic acids isolated from the fjord. Surface sediment samples were collected from four stations throughout the fjord during a summer period in 2018. Various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were applied for studying the humic acids. The elemental composition as well as the presence of tannin and lignin were also analyzed. The results of this study revealed the variation in the structure of humic acids from aliphatic to aromatic from the outer to the inner region of the fjord. This change in humic acids was well supported by the FTIR and NMR results with differences in the spectrums.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2013 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical properties of the crust and upper mantle of the ocean-continent transition in Svalbard area","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2020.132567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2020.132567","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of geophysical studies of the crust and the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary (LAB) in the ocean-continent transition in the area of Spitsbergen (Svalbard Archipelago) in high Arctic. Over last decades many investigations were performed during Polish geophysical expeditions, as well as in the framework of international cooperation with scientists from Germany, Japan, Norway and USA. We compiled here existing seismic, gravity and thermal models down to LAB depth along the 800 km long transect extending from the actively spreading Knipovich Ridge, across southern Spitsbergen to the Kong Karls Land Volcanic Province. The results of all methods are very consistent, although they are sensitive to different physical parameters: seismic wave velocities, densities and thermal. The thinnest lithosphere of only 12 km is found beneath the Knipovich Ridge. Only 50 km to the west and 50 km to the east of the ridge the LAB depth increases to about 30 km, and this value corresponds to the oceanic structure of the North Atlantic Ocean. Beneath southern Spitsbergen the LAB depth is about 55 km and increases to 90–100 km beneath continental structure of the Barents Sea. The uplift of the LAB close to distance of 700 km along transect could be correlated with Kong Karls Land Volcanic Province.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135633956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geodynamic setting of Scotia Sea and its effects on geomorphology of South Sandwich Trench, Southern Ocean","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.136510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.136510","url":null,"abstract":"The South Sandwich Trench located eastward of the Drake Passage in the Scotia Sea between Antarctica and South America is one of the least studied deep-sea trenches. Its geomorphological formation and present shape formed under the strong influence of the tectonic plate movements and various aspects of the geological setting, i.e., sediment thickness, faults, fracture zones and geologic lineaments. The aim of this paper is to link the geological and geophysical setting of the Scotia Sea with individual geomorphological features of the South Sandwich Trench in the context of the phenomena of its formation and evolution. Linking several datasets (GEBCO, ETOPO1, EGM96, GlobSed and marine free- air gravity raster grids, geological vector layers) highlights correlations between various factors affecting deep-sea trench formation and development, using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) for cartographic mapping. The paper contributes to the regional studies of the submarine geomorphology in the Antarctic region with a technical application of the GMT cartographic scripting toolset.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"17 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bedrock morphology, axial transport and lateral material sources on braided river sediments: A case study from Munin Valley, central Spitsbergen","authors":"Lenka Ondráčková, Daniel Nývlt, Martin Hanáček","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2020.133013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2020.133013","url":null,"abstract":"The Munin River (Svalbard) is a mountainous braided proglacial river. It drains from two valley glaciers developing an elongated channel belt and turning into a wide braided outwash fan before entering the main river. The Munin River is in its axial head supplied by the material from glaciers, and along the stream by material from lateral sources, i.e. braided outwash fan, debris-flow and fluvial-flow dominated fans. Detailed analyses of clast roundness showed that roundness suddenly changes to higher degrees in negative correlation with channel belt width and sinuosity of the channels. The Munin River (Svalbard) is a mountainous braided proglacial river. It drains from two valley glaciers developing an elongated channel belt and turning into a wide braided outwash fan before entering the main river. The Munin River is in its axial head supplied by the material from glaciers, and along the stream by material from lateral sources, i.e. braided outwash fan, debris-flow and fluvial-flow dominated fans. Detailed analyses of clast roundness showed that roundness suddenly changes to higher degrees in negative correlation with channel belt width and sinuosity of the channels. The roundness increases rapidly in sections with small channel belt width and low sinuosity, which can be seen in the bedrock gorge. On the contrary, the roundness does not change much in sections with large channel belt width and high sinuosity. The morphological changes of the channel belt are controlled by the bedrock morphology of the catchment, which is the main factor affecting the clast roundness in the Munin River. The nature of the lateral material sources and the downstream traction affect rather the individual gravel fractions.be seen in the bedrock gorge. On the contrary, the roundness does not change much in sections with large channel belt width and high sinuosity. The morphological changes of the channel belt are controlled by the bedrock morphology of the catchment, which is the main factor affecting the clast roundness in the Munin River. The nature of the lateral material sources and the downstream traction affect rather the individual gravel fractions.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"26 55","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135545824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosses and liverworts in the glacier forelands and mature tundra of Svalbard (High Arctic): diversity, ecology, and community composition","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2020.133011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2020.133011","url":null,"abstract":": The harsh polar environment results in the dominance of mosses and liverworts in tundra communities. To date, very little research has been devoted to the diversity and ecology of these groups in the High Arctic. The aim of this research was to investigate the diversity and community composition of mosses and liverworts in various stages of the ecogenesis of Svalbard ecosystems, and to identify environmental factors affecting species distribution. In 2017, 270 plots were established in a grid in eight glacier forelands and the mature tundra surrounding them. Within these plots, the percentage cover of mosses and liverworts was investigated. In 201 plots, soil samples were taken and environmental data (aspect, bare ground cover, biological soil crust cover, distance from the glacier forehead, rock cover, slope, time elapsed since the glacier’s retreat,","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"20 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}