Polish Polar Research最新文献

Importance of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen, southern Spitsbergen) 雪作为北极冰川表面物质平衡组成部分的重要性(汉斯布林，斯匹次卑尔根南部)

IF 1.3 4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/PPR.2019.130901

Aleksander Uszczyk, M. Grabiec, Michał Laska, M. Kuhn, D. Ignatiuk

{"title":"Importance of snow as component of surface mass balance of Arctic glacier (Hansbreen, southern Spitsbergen)","authors":"Aleksander Uszczyk, M. Grabiec, Michał Laska, M. Kuhn, D. Ignatiuk","doi":"10.24425/PPR.2019.130901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/PPR.2019.130901","url":null,"abstract":": Snowmelt is a very important component of freshwater resources in the polar environment. Seasonal fluctuations in the water supply to glacial drainage systems influence glacier dynamics and indirectly affect water circulation and stratification in fjords. Here, we present spatial distribution of the meltwater production from the snow cover on Hansbreen in southern Spitsbergen. We estimated the volume of freshwater coming from snow deposited over this glacier. As a case study, we used 2014 being one of the warmest season in the 21 st century. The depth of snow cover was measured using a high frequency Ground Penetrating Radar close to the maximum stage of accumulation. Simultaneously, a series of studies were conducted to analyse the structure of the snowpack and its physical properties in three snow pits in different glacier elevation zones. These data were combined to construct a snow density model for the entire glacier, which together with snow depth distribution represents essential parameters to estimate glacier winter mass balance. A temperature index model was used to calculate snow ablation, applying an average temperature lapse rate and surface elevation changes. Applying variable with altitude degree day factor, we estimated an average daily rate of ablation between 0.023 m d -1 °C -1 (for the ablation zone) and 0.027 m d -1 °C -1 (in accumulation zone). This melting rate was further validated by direct ablation data at reference sites on the glacier. An average daily water production by snowmelt in 2014 ablation season was 0.0065 m w.e. (water equivalent) and 41.52·10 6 m 3 of freshwater in total. This ablation concerned 85.5% of the total water accumulated during winter in snow cover. Extreme daily melting exceeded 0.020 m w.e. in June and September 2014 with a maximum on 6 th July 2014 (0.027 m w.e.). The snow cover has completely disappeared at the end of ablation season on 75.8% of the surface of Hansbreen.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68952462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Temporal and spatial variability of thermal and humidity stimuli in the Hornsund area (Svalbard) 霍恩松德地区(斯瓦尔巴群岛)热湿度刺激的时空变异性

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2019.126346

Andrzej Araźny

{"title":"Temporal and spatial variability of thermal and humidity stimuli in the Hornsund area (Svalbard)","authors":"Andrzej Araźny","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2019.126346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2019.126346","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the biometeorological impact of thermal and humidity conditions on the human body in the Hornsund area in the southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. This was determined based on diurnal air temperature range, the day-to-day variation in average diurnal air temperature and the average diurnal relative humidity. The temporal variability of thermal and humidity biometeorological stimuli in Hornsund was examined for the period 01.11.1978–31.12.2017. A lessening of biometeorological impact was found in the southern Spitsbergen region, including a statistically significant negative trend in stronglyand severely-felt stimuli (according to diurnal air temperature range), and in significant and severe stimuli (according to day-to-day variation in average diurnal air temperature). A non-significant positive trend was observed in the number of days of relative humidity with humid and very humid air. To analyse the spatial variability of the stimuli around the Hornsund fjord, data were used from seven year-round measuring stations for the period 01.07.2014–31.06.2015. The most unfavourable conditions were found on the Hans Glacier, on the summit of Fugleberget and inside the fjord. The paper presents the role of atmospheric circulation on thermal and humidity stimuli. In the Hornsund region, the highest probability of unfavourable sensible temperatures for humans occurring during the year was mostly in winter and early spring. This was related to the advection of air masses from the north-east sector, regardless of baric regime type. It was found that very humid air (> 85%) flowed over Hornsund for practically the entire year from the S–SW as part of both cyclonic and anti-cyclonic systems.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"33 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Warm winter and cold summer spells in Spitsbergen and their circulation conditions 斯匹次卑尔根群岛暖冬冷夏期及其环流条件

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2019.130902

Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk, Ewa Łupikasza, Sebastian Kendzierski

{"title":"Warm winter and cold summer spells in Spitsbergen and their circulation conditions","authors":"Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk, Ewa Łupikasza, Sebastian Kendzierski","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2019.130902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2019.130902","url":null,"abstract":": The objective of the study was to determine multi-annual changes and variability of occurrence of cold spells in summer and warm spells in winter on Spitsbergen in the period 1976–2016, and circulation conditions of their occurrence. Cold days in summer were defined as days with mean daily air temperature lower than temperature corresponding to the 10 th percentile from daily temperature, and warm days in winter as days with mean daily air temperature exceeding the 90 th percentile from daily air temperature. The research showed a statistically significant increase in mean air temperature, the rate of which in winter was more than four times higher than in summer. The observed warming translated into a decrease in the number of cold days in summer (-2.5 days/10 years in Svalbard Lufthavn and -1.3 days/10 years in Ny-Ålesund) and an increase in the number of warm days in winter (2.7 days/10 years in Svalbard Lufthavn and 2.4 days/10 years in Ny-Ålesund), and warm and cold spells related to the frequency of such days. The rate of the changes was higher in Svalbard Lufthavn than in Ny-Ålesund. The occurrence of cold days and cold spells was particularly related to the advection of air masses from the north-western sector. The occurrence of warm days and warm spells was related to the advection of air masses from the south-west.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Short-term development of Arctic beach system: Case study of wave control on beach morphology and sedimentology (Calypsostranda, Bellsund, Svalbard) 北极海滩系统的短期发展:波浪控制对海滩形态和沉积学的影响(Calypsostranda, Bellsund, Svalbard)

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2019.128368

Piotr Zagórski, Karolina Mędrek, Mateusz Moskalik, Jan Rodzik, Agnieszka Herman, Łukasz Pawłowski, Marek Jaskólski

{"title":"Short-term development of Arctic beach system: Case study of wave control on beach morphology and sedimentology (Calypsostranda, Bellsund, Svalbard)","authors":"Piotr Zagórski, Karolina Mędrek, Mateusz Moskalik, Jan Rodzik, Agnieszka Herman, Łukasz Pawłowski, Marek Jaskólski","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2019.128368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2019.128368","url":null,"abstract":": The objective of this research is to determine the impact of waves on the segregation of sediment within the area of its supply in the context of meteorological conditions. The research was conducted on a 4 km section of the shore of Calypsostranda (Bellsund, West Spitsbergen), shaped by waves such as swell, wind waves, and tides. Particular attention was paid to the diversity and variability of the surface texture within the intertidal zone. Meteorological measurements, recording of wave climate, as well as analysis of the grain-size distribution of the beach sediments were performed. Nearshore bathymetry, longshore drifts, episodic sediment delivery from land, as well as resistance of the shore to coastal erosion and direction of transport of sediments in the shore zone are important factors controlling shore development. Data show that wind waves contribute to erosion and discharge of material from the nearshore and intertidal zone. The research also shows that oceanic swell, altered by diffraction, reaching the shore of Calypsostranda contributes to better sorting of sediment deposited on the shore through washing it out from among gravels, and longshore transport of its finest fraction. The grain size distribution of shore sediments is significantly changed already during one tidal cycle. The degree of this modification depends not only on wave height and period but on the direction of wave impact. The shore of Calypsostranda can be regarded as transitional between high and low energy coasts.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"8 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Growth form classification for sessile suspension feeders and their distribution in Antarctic fjord, King George Island 乔治王岛南极峡湾固定式悬浮食饵的生长形态分类及其分布

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2022.140364

{"title":"Growth form classification for sessile suspension feeders and their distribution in Antarctic fjord, King George Island","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2022.140364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2022.140364","url":null,"abstract":": Sessile suspension feeders depend primarily on availability of a space to settle and access to the water column. Their sessile nature incapacitates displacement during disturbances thus they rely on their morphology to overcome selective processes. We classified the assemblage of SSF from Mackellar Inlet (King George Island, Antarctica) according to their growth forms (GF) and epibiotic association type, the latter based on direct observation of the epibiotic behaviour of every individual. Organisms that did not comply with any previously established GF were grouped into ‘other GF’. Sampling stations were distributed across the fjord following a gradient based primarily on the distance to Domeyko Glacier (inner, middle, outer sections). Seven GF were recognised in the glaciomarine fjord: tree, bush, stalk, mound, flat, runner, and sheet. Four types of epibiotic associations were identified: basibiont, both facultative epibiont and basibiont, facultative epibiont (non-basibiont), and epibiont. Our results showed that the tree GF were found in the inner and middle sections, mound in middle and outer, and flat across all fjord sections. These GF enhanced GF-diversity since they constituted additional substrate for most of the ‘other GF’ which had primarily an epibiotic strategy. Contrastingly, bush, runner and stalk GF were only found in the outer section of the fjord, thus the most distanced from periglacial disturbances. The GF distribution was consistent with distance to glacier, both in number and strategies. These results highlight the potentialities of the morpho-functional classification applied to Antarctic sessile suspension feeders to help understand their distribution based on adaptive capabilities.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2008 30","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increase of tourist traffic on Spitsbergen: An environmental challenge or chance for progress in the region? 斯匹次卑尔根岛旅游客流量增加:环境挑战还是该地区进步的机遇?

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2021.136601

{"title":"Increase of tourist traffic on Spitsbergen: An environmental challenge or chance for progress in the region?","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/ppr.2021.136601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/ppr.2021.136601","url":null,"abstract":": The Arctic region is under considerable pressure from the rapidly growing global tourism industry. The goal of this article is to present the current state of tourism in Spitsbergen, including the results of empirical research about the type of tourists and their preferences in organizing a trip, i.e. motivation, choice of attractions, etc . The survey in Longyearbyen town was conducted in 2018 and 2019 during two summer and two winter trips. As a result, a total of n=214 questionnaires were collected, presenting interesting insights into tourists’ profiles and their motivation in coming to the island. Based on the results, the Arctic tourism sector is characterized by seasonality, which significantly affects the distribution of tourist arrivals throughout the year. During the last 15 years, Spitsbergen island noticed the greatest boom in tourism linked to the development of transport infrastructure (new ports and airports) and accommodation (hotels). From one side, the tourism industry contributes significantly to employment in Longyearbyen, still from the other side, it burdens the local community and challenges their lives due to increased pollution of air, water and ground. The increased tourism also poses serious threats to the natural environment, which is already under pressure due to global warming resulting in melting Arctic glaciers and increased sea level. Therefore, it is crucial to implement new regulations to control and manage the development of tourism while protecting nature and its residents.","PeriodicalId":49682,"journal":{"name":"Polish Polar Research","volume":"2011 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Limno-terrestrial diatom flora in two stream valleys near Arctowski Station, King George Island, Antarctica 南极乔治国王岛阿尔托斯基站附近的两个溪谷中的林诺-陆生硅藻区系

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2020.134793

引用次数: 2

Anatomical variations of Deschampsia antarctica É. Desv.plants from distant Antarctic regions, in vitro culture, and in relations to Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. 南极大鼠的解剖变异É。Desv。来自遥远南极地区的植物，离体培养及其与Deschampsia caespitosa (L.)的关系测定。

4区地球科学

Polish Polar Research Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.24425/ppr.2019.130903

N. Nuzhyna, I. Parnikoza, O. Poronnik, I. Kozeretska, V. Kunakh

引用次数: 5

Chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of secondary metabolites of Deschampsia antarctica from Galindez Island, Argentine Islands 阿根廷加林德兹岛南极Deschampsia antarctica次生代谢产物的色谱和质谱分析

4区地球科学