Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

{"title":"The Associations Between Attitudes Toward Interpersonal Affective Touch, Negative Cognitions and Social Anxiety: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Usha Barahmand,&nbsp;Naila Shamsina,&nbsp;Kefira Carvey,&nbsp;Angelica Mae Acheta,&nbsp;Oscar Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2068300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2068300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Affectionate touch promotes psychological well-being likely through inducing cognitive and neurobiological changes, which implies the inverse association of affectionate touch to negative cognitive and psychosocial outcomes. Our aim was to explore relationships between attitudes toward interpersonal touch and social anxiety through fear of negative evaluation and self-critical rumination as mediating variables.<i>Method</i>: Data from 250 participants (69.6% females, n = 174) ranging in age from 18 to 65 years were collected through self-report inventories assessing attitudes toward physical touch from friends and family, nonromantic intimate person and unfamiliar person, fear of negative evaluation, self-critical rumination, and social anxiety. A moderated-mediation analysis was conducted. <i>Results</i>: No direct link was seen between attitudes toward friends and family touch experiences and social anxiety in both genders, but mediation through fear of negative evaluation was significant (<i>p</i> < .05). Attitudes toward nonromantic intimate touch were related to social anxiety only in females and only indirectly through self-critical rumination (<i>p</i> < .05). In both males and females, attitudes toward touch from unfamiliar persons were linked to social anxiety directly (<i>p</i> < .05) but indirect paths through fear of negative evaluation (<i>p</i> < .05) and self-critical rumination were seen only in females (<i>p</i> < .05). <i>Conclusions</i>: Findings indicate that attitudes toward interpersonal affectionate touch may be predictive of social anxiety and the negative cognitions associated with it, extending previous findings on social pain and attesting to the potential clinical utility of touch-based interventions for social anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 1","pages":"53-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10824423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of School Health Relationship Difficulties with Lack of Regular Physical Activity in Younger Adolescents: A Population Based Study.","authors":"Kénora Chau,&nbsp;Gérome Gauchard,&nbsp;Slimane Belbraouet,&nbsp;Philippe Perrin,&nbsp;Nearkasen Chau","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2023.2222639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2023.2222639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective:</i> Lack of regular physical activity (LPA) and the number of days/week with physical activity >60 minutes/day (Ndw) may be associated with school-health-relational difficulties (SHRDs) during the life-course. This study assessed their associations and the confounding role of socioeconomic features (nationality, family structure, parents' education/occupation/income) among younger adolescents. <i>Methods:</i> This cross-sectional population-based study included 1,559 middle-school adolescents from north-eastern France (10-18 years, 98% under 16 years, 778 boys and 781 girls). They completed over one-hour teaching period a questionnaire collecting last-12-month LPA and last-7-day Ndw (dependent variables), and risk factors including socioeconomic features, SHRDs (previous grade repetitions, last-12-month poor general health status/physical health/psychological health/social-relationships, depressive symptoms (and age at onset and duration from onset); cumulated number noted SHRDcn). Data were analyzed using logistic/linear regression models. <i>Results:</i> LPA was common (32.5%) and associated with all SHRDs (sex-age-adjusted odds ratio saOR reaching 1.99, <i>p </i>< .001) and depressive-symptoms duration (saOR 1.63 (<i>p </i>< .05) and 2.11 (<i>p </i>< .001) for 1-2 and ≥3 years, respectively, vs. no depressive symptoms). A dose-effect association was found between SHRDcn and LPA (24.0, 33.7, 45.6, and 53.5%; saOR 1.59, 2.58, and 3.43; for SHRDcn 1-2, 3-4, and ≥5 respectively, vs. SHRDcn = 0, <i>p </i>< .001). Ndw was similarly associated with all SHRDs and SHRDcn (sex-age-adjusted regression coefficient reaching -1.10 day/week, <i>p </i>< .001). These results were robust when controlling for socioeconomic features (18%<contribution<51%). <i>Conclusions:</i> Physical activity is associated with SHRDs, and socioeconomic features have an elevated confounding role. Healthcare providers can detect/reduce SHRDs and consequently improve physical activity among adolescents and prevent physical inactivity in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"86 3","pages":"229-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10318201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide Ideation and Social Support Trajectories in National Guard and Reserve Servicemembers.","authors":"Jing Wang,&nbsp;Robert J Ursano,&nbsp;Robert K Gifford,&nbsp;Hieu Dinh,&nbsp;Alysse Weinberg,&nbsp;Gregory H Cohen,&nbsp;Laura Sampson,&nbsp;Sandro Galea,&nbsp;Carol S Fullerton","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2021.2004785","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00332747.2021.2004785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Since 2004 increased rates of suicide have been noted in the US Armed Forces. We examined the association of social support (SS) trajectories and suicide ideation (SI) over a four-year period in Reserve Component (RC) servicemembers (National Guard and Reserve). We also examined baseline mental health measures, as predictors of the identified trajectories. <i>Methods</i>: Structured interviews were conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,582 RC servicemembers at baseline and three follow-up waves. Latent growth mixture modeling identified SS trajectories and the association with follow-up SI. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to predict SS trajectories using baseline measures of demographics and mental health. <i>Results</i>: We identified four trajectories of SS and their associated prevalence of follow-up SI: low (n = 60, 3.8%; SI = 30.5%), medium (n = 229, 14.5%; SI = 14.1%), high-low (n = 66, 4.2%; SI = 13.6%), and high-high (n = 1,227, 77.5%; SI = 4.2%). There were significant differences in follow-up SI prevalence between each pair of SS trajectories except between the medium-SS and high-low-SS trajectories. Baseline SI, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, binge drinking, and mental health diagnosis were associated with increased likelihood of being on a low-SS or medium-SS trajectory. Baseline PTSD discriminated being on the high-high-SS and high-low-SS trajectories. <i>Conclusion</i>: Results support four trajectories of social support and that individuals with low or decreasing SS are likely to have greater follow-up SI. Baseline mental health assessments can identify these risk trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 3","pages":"246-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360194/pdf/nihms-1766979.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39779465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrality of Self-Criticism in Depression and Anxiety Experienced by Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.","authors":"Golan Shahar,&nbsp;Raz Bauminger,&nbsp;Rüdiger Zwerenz,&nbsp;Elmar Brähler,&nbsp;Manfred Beutel","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2021.2004786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2021.2004786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Depression and anxiety are prevalent in women suffering from breast cancer. However, the determinants of depression and anxiety in this population are not well known, particularly in the context of psychotherapy. Drawing from Blatt's theory, we examined the role of Depressive Personality Vulnerability (DPV) in depression and anxiety experienced in female sufferers of breast cancer treated for depression as part of a Randomized Clinical Trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-eight patients were treated by Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and 79 patients by Treatment as Usual. Assessments were conducted pre-treatment, at termination, and at six-month follow-up. Main outcomes were the depression and anxiety subscales of the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale. Predictors were pre-treatment dependency, self-criticism, and self-efficacy, assessed via the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Analyses targeted associations of these dimensions with baseline levels, main effects on pretreatment-termination and pretreatment-follow-up changes in depression and anxiety, and DPV by treatment interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with our hypotheses, self-criticism - implicated in previous research as a serious dimension of vulnerability to psychopathology - predicted elevated levels, as well as pretreatment-follow-up changes, in both depression and anxiety. However, self-criticism also augmented the effect of STPP (compared with TAU) on depression in the pretreatment-termination period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the centrality of self-criticism for both risk and resilience processes in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 3","pages":"215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39903526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions for Suicide Prevention: Promise, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Daniel D L Coppersmith,&nbsp;Walter Dempsey,&nbsp;Evan M Kleiman,&nbsp;Kate H Bentley,&nbsp;Susan A Murphy,&nbsp;Matthew K Nock","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2092828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2092828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The suicide rate (currently 14 per 100,000) has barely changed in the United States over the past 100 years. There is a need for new ways of preventing suicide. Further, research has revealed that suicidal thoughts and behaviors and the factors that drive them are dynamic, heterogeneous, and interactive. Most existing interventions for suicidal thoughts and behaviors are infrequent, not accessible when most needed, and not systematically tailored to the person using their own data (e.g., from their own smartphone). Advances in technology offer an opportunity to develop new interventions that may better match the dynamic, heterogeneous, and interactive nature of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs), which use smartphones and wearables, are designed to provide the right type of support at the right time by adapting to changes in internal states and external contexts, offering a promising pathway toward more effective suicide prevention. In this review, we highlight the potential of JITAIs for suicide prevention, challenges ahead (e.g., measurement, ethics), and possible solutions to these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 4","pages":"317-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9643598/pdf/nihms-1821198.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I'd Be A Completely Different Person if I Hadn't Gone to Therapy\": A Qualitative Study of Metacognitive Therapy and Recovery Outcomes in Adults with Schizophrenia.","authors":"Marina Kukla,&nbsp;Carla Arellano-Bravo,&nbsp;Paul H Lysaker","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2021.1993514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2021.1993514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Metacognitive oriented treatments are novel therapies designed to address metacognition deficits in schizophrenia, defined as the set of mental activities that allows reflection on oneself and others, and the integration of this knowledge into sophisticated mental representations that guide adaptive responses to life's demands and to the challenges imposed by psychiatric illness. However, little is known about the first-person experiences of engaging in this treatment. Hence, the purpose of this qualitative study was to characterize first-person experiences of recovery outcomes among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who take part in metacognitively oriented psychotherapy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sample of 13 adult veterans with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in an outpatient setting who were receiving one form of individual metacognitively oriented therapy, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy, for a minimum of 12 months participated in an open-ended interview; 27 questions probed their experiences with therapy and the outcomes and changes they have observed within themselves as a result. Interviews were analyzed using an inductive consensus based approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate that participants observed changes in their lives in five recovery domains: improvements in real world functioning, increased formation of life pursuits, enhanced interpersonal connections, emergence of self compassion, and improved quality of life and wellness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study sheds further light on first person experiences of people with schizophrenia and adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of this form of metacognitively oriented psychotherapy to promote recovery in important life domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 3","pages":"259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39611182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment Style and Risk of Suicide Attempt Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army.","authors":"Jing Wang,&nbsp;James A Naifeh,&nbsp;Holly B Herberman Mash,&nbsp;Joshua C Morganstein,&nbsp;Carol S Fullerton,&nbsp;Stephen J Cozza,&nbsp;Murray B Stein,&nbsp;Robert J Ursano","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2062661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2062661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Among U.S. Army soldiers suicide attempts (SAs) are a significant public health concern, particularly early in service. We examined the association of attachment style with SA and suicide ideation (SI) among U.S. Army soldiers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed survey data from new soldiers who participated in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). The sample consists of 38,507 soldiers entering Basic Combat Training (BCT) between April 2011 and November 2012. Attachment style (secure, preoccupied, fearful, and dismissing) was assessed using items from the Relationship Questionnaire. Lifetime (pre-enlistment) SA and SI were assessed with a modified Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Logistic regression analyses examined associations of attachment style with lifetime SA, SI, and attempts among ideators, after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The secure attachment style was associated with lower odds of SA (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.63-0.92), whereas preoccupied (OR = 4.63, 95% CI = 3.83-5.61), fearful (OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 3.38-4.94), or dismissing (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.24-1.96) attachment styles were associated with higher odds of SA. Similar results were found for SI. Importantly, both preoccupied (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.37-2.04) and fearful (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.38-2.08) attachment were associated with attempts among ideators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the clinical importance of attachment style in predicting suicidal behavior and as possible targets for intervention. A critical next step is for prospective research to examine whether attachment style predicts future suicidal behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 4","pages":"387-398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10351203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bereavement during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Coping Strategies and Mental Health.","authors":"Joscelyn E Fisher,&nbsp;Alexander J Rice,&nbsp;Rafael F Zuleta,&nbsp;Stephen J Cozza","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2051141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2051141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 coronavirus has caused 5.4 million deaths worldwide, including over 800,000 deaths in the United States (as of December 2021). In addition to these staggering statistics, an even greater number of individuals have died from other causes during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a large portion of the global population has faced bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting quarantine. The often rapid and unexpected nature of COVID-19 deaths and the presence of pandemic-related stressors and living restrictions make it more difficult for individuals bereaved during the pandemic to implement effective strategies for coping with the loss compared to non-pandemic periods. Quarantine-related constraints (e.g., social distancing, availability of and access to resources) impede coping strategies that have been found to be adaptive after a loss, such as supportive (e.g., seeking emotional and instrumental support) and active (e.g., problem-focused and cognitive reframing) coping, and they augment avoidant strategies (e.g., substance use, denial, and isolation) that have been found to be maladaptive. Poorer mental health outcomes (including prolonged grief disorder; PGD) have been associated with less healthy coping. This article reviews research findings regarding bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic, discusses the effects of pandemic-related stressors on bereavement coping strategies, and proposes how different types of coping during the pandemic may account for the poorer mental health outcomes described in recent reports. Interventions for promoting adaptive coping strategies and minimizing maladaptive coping strategies are also outlined.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 4","pages":"354-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10363549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Need for Mental Health Treatment and the Mental Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.","authors":"Joshua Breslau,&nbsp;Carol S North,&nbsp;Melissa L Finucane,&nbsp;Elizabeth Roth,&nbsp;Rebecca L Collins","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2021.1940470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2021.1940470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Population-based information on the extent of perceived need for mental health treatment and clinically significant psychological distress can help inform strategies for responding to the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.<i>Methods</i>: A representative sample of U.S. adults, age 20 and over (N = 1,957), completed surveys in May and June 2020. Potential target populations were distinguished based on perceived need for mental health treatment and psychological distress, assessed by the Kessler-6, among those without perceived need. Populations were characterized with respect to demographic characteristics and prior mental health treatment history using logistic regression models.<i>Results</i>: The prevalence of perceived need for mental health treatment was 21%. Perceived need was strongly associated with pre-pandemic treatment history; compared to those with no treatment history, perceived need was dramatically higher among those in treatment when the pandemic began (OR = 53.8 95% CI 28.2-102.8) and those with pre-pandemic treatment history (OR = 9.3, 95% CI 5.1-16.8). Among the 79% who did not perceive need, moderate or greater distress was reported by 19% and was associated with younger age and Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6).<i>Conclusions</i>: In the U.S., where mental health treatment is relatively common, mental health treatment response during the pandemic, and perhaps other crises, should target people with a history of mental health treatment. Outreach to people less likely to seek care on their own despite clinically significant distress should target Hispanic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00332747.2021.1940470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9224838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Burden in Enlisted and Commissioned U.S. Military Veterans: Importance of Indirect Trauma Exposure in Commissioned Veterans.","authors":"Addie N Merians,&nbsp;Peter J Na,&nbsp;Jack Tsai,&nbsp;Ilan Harpaz-Rotem,&nbsp;Robert H Pietrzak","doi":"10.1080/00332747.2022.2068301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.2022.2068301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To: 1) identify sociodemographic and military differences between enlisted and commissioned U.S. military veterans; (2) examine sociodemographic, military, trauma, and mental health histories of enlisted and commissioned veterans; and (3) evaluate interactions between enlistment status and trauma exposures in relation to mental health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were analyzed from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. military veterans. Screening instruments were used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcohol and drug use disorders (AUD, DUD), and suicidal ideation (SI). Post-stratification weights were applied to analyses to permit generalizability to the U.S. veteran population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Enlisted veterans (7.5%-13.1%) were more likely than commissioned veterans (3.5%-11.1%) to screen positive for most mental health outcomes. Multivariable analyses revealed enlisted veterans were more likely than commissioned veterans to report past-year SI (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48). Enlistment status interacted with exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), such that greater exposure to indirect PTEs was associated with a greater likelihood of screening positive for PTSD (OR = 1.12) and GAD (OR = 1.10) among commissioned relative to enlisted veterans. Commissioned veterans with higher exposures to adverse childhood experiences had increased odds (OR = 1.36) of endorsing SI relative to enlisted veterans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that while enlisted veterans had higher rates of SI relative to commissioned veterans, commissioned veterans with higher exposure to indirect PTEs may have an increased risk of screening positive for PTSD and GAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":49656,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes","volume":"85 4","pages":"418-432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10727373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}