Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties最新文献_第5页

Applications of machine learning in animal and veterinary public health surveillance. 机器学习在动物和兽医公共卫生监测中的应用。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3366

J Guitian, M Arnold, Y Chang, E L Snary

{"title":"Applications of machine learning in animal and veterinary public health surveillance.","authors":"J Guitian, M Arnold, Y Chang, E L Snary","doi":"10.20506/rst.42.3366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.42.3366","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) is an approach to artificial intelligence characterised by the use of algorithms that improve their own performance at a given task (e.g. classification or prediction) based on data and without being explicitly and fully instructed on how to achieve this. Surveillance systems for animal and zoonotic diseases depend upon effective completion of a broad range of tasks, some of them amenable to ML algorithms. As in other fields, the use of ML in animal and veterinary public health surveillance has greatly expanded in recent years. Machine learning algorithms are being used to accomplish tasks that have become attainable only with the advent of large data sets, new methods for their analysis and increased computing capacity. Examples include the identification of an underlying structure in large volumes of data from an ongoing stream of abattoir condemnation records, the use of deep learning to identify lesions in digital images obtained during slaughtering, and the mining of free text in electronic health records from veterinary practices for the purpose of sentinel surveillance. However, ML is also being applied to tasks that previously relied on traditional statistical data analysis. Statistical models have been used extensively to infer relationships between predictors and disease to inform risk-based surveillance, and increasingly, ML algorithms are being used for prediction and forecasting of animal diseases in support of more targeted and efficient surveillance. While ML and inferential statistics can accomplish similar tasks, they have different strengths, making one or the other more or less appropriate in a given context.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

From top to bottom: gridded human population estimates in data-poor situations. 从上到下:在数据匮乏的情况下，网格化的人口估计。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3354

K B Stevens

{"title":"From top to bottom: gridded human population estimates in data-poor situations.","authors":"K B Stevens","doi":"10.20506/rst.42.3354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.42.3354","url":null,"abstract":"Where disease risks are heterogeneous across population groups or space, or dependent on transmission between individuals, spatial data on population distributions - human, livestock and wildlife - are required to estimate infectious disease risks, burdens and dynamics. As a result, large-scale, spatially explicit, high-resolution human population data are being increasingly used in a wide range of animal- and public-health planning and policy development scenarios. Official census data, aggregated by administrative unit, provide the only complete enumeration of a country's population. While census data from developed countries are generally up-to-date and of high quality, in resource-poor settings they are often incomplete, out of date, or only available at the country or province level. The challenges associated with producing accurate population estimates in regions that lack high-quality census data have led to the development of census-independent approaches to small-area population estimations. Known as bottom-up models, as opposed to the census-based top-down approaches, these methods combine microcensus survey data with ancillary data to provide spatially disaggregated population estimates in the absence of national census data. This review highlights the need for high-resolution gridded population data, discusses problems associated with using census data as top-down model inputs, and explores census-independent, or bottom-up, methods of producing spatially explicit, high-resolution gridded population data, together with their advantages.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9583384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance monitoring in pig production in the United States of America. 美国生猪生产中抗菌素的使用和耐药性监测。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3348

T Spronk, A L Green, M Vuolo, L Ruesch, R Edler, C Haley, J Scaria, J Hennings, S Dee, C B Shivley

{"title":"Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance monitoring in pig production in the United States of America.","authors":"T Spronk, A L Green, M Vuolo, L Ruesch, R Edler, C Haley, J Scaria, J Hennings, S Dee, C B Shivley","doi":"10.20506/rst.42.3348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.42.3348","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms is recognised as an important component of antimicrobial stewardship, yet the process can be resource intensive. This paper describes a subset of findings from the first year of a collaboration across government, academia and a private sector veterinary practice focused on swine production in the Midwestern United States. The work is supported by participating farmers and the greater swine industry. Twice-annual collection of samples from pigs along with AMU monitoring occurred on 138 swine farms. Detection and resistance of Escherichia coli from pig tissues was assessed, and associations between AMU and AMR were evaluated. This paper describes the methods utilised and the first-year E. coli-related results from this project. Higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in E. coli from swine tissues were associated with the purchase of fluoroquinolones. There were no other significant associations between MIC and AMU combinations in E. coli isolated from pig tissues. This project represents one of the first attempts to monitor AMU as well as AMR in E. coli in a large-scale commercial swine system in the United States of America.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the quality of data for drivers of disease emergence. 评估疾病出现驱动因素数据的质量。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3352

V Horigan, L Kelly, A Papa, M P G Koopmans, R S Sikkema, L G H Koren, E L Snary

{"title":"Assessing the quality of data for drivers of disease emergence.","authors":"V Horigan, L Kelly, A Papa, M P G Koopmans, R S Sikkema, L G H Koren, E L Snary","doi":"10.20506/rst.42.3352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.42.3352","url":null,"abstract":"Drivers are factors that have the potential to directly or indirectly influence the likelihood of infectious diseases emerging or re-emerging. It is likely that an emerging infectious disease (EID) rarely occurs as the result of only one driver; rather, a network of sub-drivers (factors that can influence a driver) are likely to provide conditions that allow a pathogen to (re-)emerge and become established. Data on sub-drivers have therefore been used by modellers to identify hotspots where EIDs may next occur, or to estimate which sub-drivers have the greatest influence on the likelihood of their occurrence. To minimise error and bias when modelling how sub-drivers interact, and thus aid in predicting the likelihood of infectious disease emergence, researchers need good-quality data to describe these sub-drivers. This study assesses the quality of the available data on sub-drivers of West Nile virus against various criteria as a case study. The data were found to be of varying quality with regard to fulfilling the criteria. The characteristic with the lowest score was completeness, i.e. where sufficient data are available to fulfil all the requirements for the model. This is an important characteristic as an incomplete data set could lead to erroneous conclusions being drawn from modelling studies. Thus, the availability of good-quality data is essential to reduce uncertainty when estimating the likelihood of where EID outbreaks may occur and identifying the points on the risk pathway where preventive measures may be taken.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9609679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of animal health data to inform policy in China. 管理动物卫生数据，为中国的政策提供信息。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.42.3351

L Gao, H Liu, F Guo, Y Wang

引用次数: 0

Insect zoos and butterfly houses for public education: issues related to shipping and international trade of non-native insects. 昆虫动物园和蝴蝶馆用于公众教育:与非本地昆虫的运输和国际贸易有关的问题。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3311

L Saul-Gershenz

{"title":"Insect zoos and butterfly houses for public education: issues related to shipping and international trade of non-native insects.","authors":"L Saul-Gershenz","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3311","url":null,"abstract":"Informal science education institutions such as zoos, natural history museums and botanical gardens exhibit live native and exotic insects and other arthropods to improve the general public's knowledge about these organisms and promote their conservation in nature. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the process of shipping exotic arthropods for exhibits and the regulations that apply, and to discuss issues that affect international shipment for this type of activity. These issues include escapes affecting the environment and delays affecting the viability of shipped insects. The regulatory agencies that issue permits for the importation of live insects for education and exhibit are discussed. The number of butterflies flying in the exhibits ranges from 100 specimens at the Butterfly Encounter of the Connecticut Science Center to a high of 15,000 specimens at the Dubai Butterfly Garden, with a mean of 2,048 specimens (n = 32). If the outlier of 15,000 is removed, the mean is 1,630 (n = 31). Insect zoos and butterfly exhibits play an overwhelmingly positive educational role by introducing millions of children and adults to the immensely important world of insects.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preface. 前言。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3300

M Eloit

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"M Eloit","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3300","url":null,"abstract":"International Conference on “Sustainable Management of Earth Resources and Biodiversity” (SERBEMA-2022) was successfully held on 12 – 13 April 2022 by National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent State Agrarian University, “Tuproqsifattahlil” LLC, and Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.\u0000 Owing to the actual COVID-19 pandemic situation in the globe, SERBEMA-2022 conference was held in the hybrid format: on-site at National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek and in the format of videoconference using ZOOM platform. Despite the cancellation of pandemic restrictions in Uzbekistan, the organizers still considered proactive safety and all the necessary requirements for holding an event in the pandemic situation such as separate entrances and exits for the exhibition, and conference rooms were equipped with barrier tapes and signs. Sessions were shortened to allow for airing and sanitizing of potential contact surfaces. There were some coffee breaks in a separate canteen and all conference participants and guests were provided with medical masks. For virtual involvement, several social network possibilities were available, as well as video conferencing with all interested participants. Contributors and listeners delivered reports and discussed subjects using digital technology.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40583646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Issues and gaps in international guidance and national regulatory systems affecting international live insect trade. 影响国际活昆虫贸易的国际指导和国家监管体系中的问题和差距。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3317

M M Quinlan, J D Mumford, S Messori, W R Enkerlin, J Shimura, L Smith, B Dass, C F Oliva, C Nelson, R Chand, G Torres

{"title":"Issues and gaps in international guidance and national regulatory systems affecting international live insect trade.","authors":"M M Quinlan, J D Mumford, S Messori, W R Enkerlin, J Shimura, L Smith, B Dass, C F Oliva, C Nelson, R Chand, G Torres","doi":"10.20506/rst.41.1.3317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.41.1.3317","url":null,"abstract":"International trade in live insects involves the shipping of many different species, for various purposes, with a variety of handling requirements regulated by numerous authorities with varying objectives. The diversity of factors at play has both created and been subject to a complex regulatory landscape. A review of global production, shipping and use experiences from a range of perspectives has shown gaps and inconsistencies in international guidance and national implementation. Private carriers add another layer of uncertainty that is disproportionate to risks, resulting in variable practices and charges. Many benefits can come from international trade in insects, including pollinator services, control of pests and of disease vectors, and enhanced international scientific research and innovation. These benefits will be better achieved through a more evidence-based and efficient approach to regulating trade. This change in approach will in turn require an improved and widely accepted risk-management landscape for insect trade.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40691579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The international exchange of Drosophila melanogaster strains. 黑腹果蝇品系的国际交流。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3305

K R Cook, A L Parks

引用次数: 0

Movement of genetically modified insects for research purposes. 为研究目的而移动转基因昆虫。

IF 0.6 4区农林科学

Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.20506/rst.41.1.3307

A Simoni

引用次数: 1