Russian Journal of Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Relic Populations of Ranunculus kamtschaticus DC. (Ranunculaceae) in the Urals","authors":"L. V. Teteryuk, Yu. A. Bobrov, O. F. Kirsanova","doi":"10.1134/s1067413624010089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413624010089","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the context of global climate change, it is of great interest to assess the adaptive capabilities of the glacial relics of <i>Ranunculus kamtschaticus</i> DC. of the Urals and the prospects for their conservation has a high degree of ecological specialization for high mountain conditions and extremely low plasticity. It is preserved in the midlands of the Urals on individual peaks. The life form of <i>R. kamtschaticus</i> in the Ural fragment of its range is a brush-rooted non-turf polycarpic grass with erect assimilating shoots of a non-succulent type. The variability of the development of its shoots and shoot systems under the influence of climatic and weather conditions is shown, the preferential development of shoots with an incomplete development cycle is noted. Irregular fruiting, a long period of germination, and rapid loss of seed germination reduce the competitiveness of <i>R. kamtschaticus</i> in the Urals and its ability to colonize new territories. Threat assessment according to IUCN criteria showed that populations of the species in the Komi Republic and Sverdlovsk oblast are in critical condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glass or Plastic? Influence of Funnel Material on the Efficiency of Nematode Extraction using the Baermann Method","authors":"A. D. Loginova","doi":"10.1134/s1067413624010065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413624010065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"39 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and Assessment of the Cenotic Diversity of the Forests of the Moscow Region","authors":"T. V. Chernenkova, I. P. Kotlov, N. G. Belyaeva, Ye. G. Suslova, O. V. Morozova","doi":"10.1134/s1067413623070044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413623070044","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The growing population density of large metropolitan areas means an increase in ecological and social importance of the forest cover’s biodiversity. The lack of up-to-date cartographic materials makes it difficult to assess the quality of the natural environment and to preserve valuable natural objects while taking into account the conditions of habitats and types of land use. The aim of this work was to identify and map the cenotic diversity of the forest cover of the Moscow region. To study the spatial structure of communities, remote data (Sentinel-2A, PALSAR radar images), digital relief models (DRM SRTM) in combination with ground survey data were used. To compensate for the scarce and uneven distribution of field data, the training sample alignment approach was used with the selection of the optimal modelling algorithm (“random forest”). Cartographic models have been developed for the modern phytocenotic diversity of the Moscow region’s forest cover, for thematic units of the formation (11 classes) and group of associations (31 classes) ranks, accompanied by a detailed legend. Statistical methods and the digital format of the cartographic materials determine the approach’s adaptability and the necessary updating of the materials. The proposed mapping technique and the performed assessment of the typological diversity of the forests can be used to create a spatial basis for monitoring the biodiversity of the forests in the Moscow region and the urban forests of Moscow.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity of Native Forest Types in Strict Scientific Forest Reserves of the Moscow Region","authors":"A. A. Maslov","doi":"10.1134/s1067413623070093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413623070093","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A dataset of relevés for native forest types, including spruce, pine, and broad-leaved forests was created as a result of route surveys of strict scientific forest reserves in the Moscow region (boreo-nemoral zone). These relevés can be considered as a “benchmark” of native forest communities in comparison with young, secondary, and anthropogenically disturbed forests. The purpose of the work is to determine the species diversity indicators for undisturbed (by logging or recreation) native forest communities in the main forest types in the Moscow region. Classification of relevés into syntaxa (forest types) was carried out according to the principles of the V.N. Sukachev’s school (based on habitat features and the composition of diagnostic groups of species) with further refinement of the results by ordination of relevés in multidimensional axes of detrending correspondence analysis (DCA). Biodiversity indicators (for an area of 300 m²⁾, such as the alpha diversity, the Shannon index, and the rank abundance curves were calculated for the first time for native undisturbed forests of the Moscow region using a unified approach. The maximum species diversity of the tree layer (A) was observed in mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest types – <i>Pineta composita</i> (4.9) and <i>Piceeta composita</i> (4.4). The maximum species diversity of the shrub layer (B2) was observed in <i>Piceeta composita</i> (6.1) and <i>Piceeta oxalidosa</i> (5.3). The maximum species diversity of the field layer (C) was observed in two nemoral spruce forest types—<i>Piceeta composita</i> and <i>Piceeta oxalidosa</i> (over 29). The maximum species diversity of the bottom layer (D) was observed in <i>Vaccinium</i>-type pine forest (7.6). In general, the maximum species diversity for a forest type (all layers) was observed in the nemoral spruce forest types, <i>Piceeta oxalidosa</i> and <i>Piceeta composita</i> (ca. 43) with the highest values of the Shannon index (ca. 2.8), and the shape of rank abundance curve close to <i>S</i>-shaped. This shape of the curves is characteristic of mature natural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response of the Invertebrate Communities of Steppe and Floodplain Meadows to Emissions from the Karabash Copper Smelter","authors":"A. V. Nesterkov, D. V. Nesterkova","doi":"10.1134/s106741362306005x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106741362306005x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Based on the materials of 2014, the response of invertebrate communities in floodplain and steppe meadows to emissions from the Karabash copper smelter was assessed (the main pollutants are SO₂ and heavy metals). Near the smelter, in the phytocenoses of meadows of both types, the phytomass of herbage decreases (2–7 times) and the proportion of graminoids increases (from 36–45 to 53–85%). The abundance of invertebrates in the meadows of both types varies similarly: the total abundance decreases (by a factor of 1.4–2.9), while the abundance of all trophic and most large taxonomic groups does not change. The taxonomic structure of invertebrates in floodplain meadows changed only in the impact zone, while in steppe meadows, already in the buffer zone. This result partially confirms the hypothesis put forward that in the communities of floodplain meadows, the reaction to pollution is less pronounced than in steppe meadows.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Variability of Aphantopus hyperantus and Coenonympha arcania (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Vicinity of the Middle Ural Copper Smelter. Part 1. Metal Content and Wing Length","authors":"A. O. Shkurikhin, E. Yu. Zakharova, E. L. Vorobeichik","doi":"10.1134/s1067413623060097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413623060097","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>We have tested the hypotheses that the satyrs <i>Aphantopus hyperantus</i> and <i>Coenonympha arcania</i> accumulate metals in higher concentrations near the Middle Ural Copper Smelter than in the background area and that metal accumulation in the body of adult individuals is negatively correlated with the wing length but positively correlated with the fluctuating asymmetry of the wing length. We measured the length of the forewing and individual concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the body of adults captured at different distances from the copper smelter (Revda city, Russia). The metal content reaches very high levels, with Zn concentrations being higher than Cu and Pb concentrations by an order of magnitude and Cd concentration by two orders of magnitude. In both species, metal accumulation is higher in males than in females. Maximum concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cd have been recorded near the smelter. The wing length either did not differ between the sites or was higher near the smelter. The statistically significant negative relationship between Cu concentrations and the wing length has been recorded only for females of one of the species (<i>A. hyperantus</i>). In both species, the fluctuating asymmetry of the wing length did not differ between samples from different sites and did not depend on metal concentrations at the individual level.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Stand Formation on Exhausted Peat Bogs in the Northeastern Part of European Russia","authors":"A. N. Ulanov, A. V. Smirnova, N. A. Ulanov","doi":"10.1134/s1067413623070159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413623070159","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>It has been established that purposeful construction of forest–meadow–bog agricultural landscapes on lands formerly used for industrial peat extraction is the most promising and environmentally-friendly way to restore biospheric functions of disturbed bog ecosystems. Planted forest stands play a special role in the ecological framework of newly-formed agricultural landscapes. Long-term studies showed that Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) and silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i>) form the basis of future forest plantations. The best results in artificial reforestation were achieved on residually gleyed degraded peat soils where the peat layer thickness does not exceed 20–30 cm, while the drainage rate is 80–100 cm. Conditions in the vicinity of open ameliorative ditches are optimal for the development of all tree and shrub species. In such cases, forest plantations form shelter belts 10–15 m wide. An alternative option is natural reforestation, but it features slower dynamics, and the growth rate of commercial timber resources is insignificant. In addition, the self-recovery process heavily depends on the depletion degree in the residual peat deposit and its water content. The proportion of forests in the structure of postbog forest–meadow landscapes must be at least 20–30%.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140885777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dynamics of the Upper Forest Line on the Katunsky Range (the Altai Mountains) over the Last 120 Years","authors":"D. A. Savchuk, E. E. Timoshok, E. O. Filimonova, S. A. Nikolaeva","doi":"10.1134/s1067413623060085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413623060085","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The temporal dynamics of the upper forest line in the oro-climatic conditions of Katunsky Range is described using the example of the Akkem glacial basin over the past 120 years. Changes in the density of trees and undergrosth (saplings and seedlings) of Siberian pine and Siberian larch on the eastern and western slopes, the establishment and features of the formation of dense and sparse groups, and environmental factors influencing their formation are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Elemental Composition of Dead Wood in Different Tree Species and Stages of Decay in the Broad-Leaved Forests of the Kaluzhskie Zaseki State Nature Reserve","authors":"L. G. Khanina, V. E. Smirnov, M. V. Bobrovskii","doi":"10.1134/s106741362307007x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106741362307007x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The content and mass concentration of eight chemical elements Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn were analysed in dead wood of eight tree species at five stages of decomposition. Wood samples were taken at the site of the massive windfall of 2006 in a multispecies broadleaved forest in the Kaluzhskie Zaseki nature reserve. Deadwood of seven deciduous tree species was studied: Norway maple (<i>Acer platanoides</i>), birch (<i>Betula pendula</i>), common ash (<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>), common aspen (<i>Populus tremula</i>), English oak (<i>Quercus robur</i>), linden (<i>Tilia cordata</i>), Scotch elm (<i>Ulmus glabra</i>), as well as one coniferous tree species – Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>). A series of one-way analyses of variance was carried out to assess the influence of the species and the stage of deadwood decomposition (including the zero stage for control samples) on the density, content of elements, and their mass concentration. Tree species most clearly differed in the content and mass concentration of Mn, Zn, Mg, Ca, and K: <i>R</i>² varied from 50 to 23% for the content and from 53 to 19% for the mass concentration of elements of the indicated series. The leaders in the content of these elements were the following species: Mn—maple, birch, spruce, linden; Zn—birch and aspen; Mg—maple, elm; Ca— elm; K—linden, elm. The stages of wood decomposition turned out to be a significant factor of variation for the content of Mn, P, Cu, Zn and Ca: <i>R</i>² varied from 22 to 16%. During the destruction of wood trunks, a significant increase in the content of these elements occurred. Maintenance of cycles of biophilic elements is more successfully implemented in the presence of deadwood of different types at different stages of decomposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Temperature Standards” in the Development of Embryos in Far Eastern Pleuronectidae with Different Reproduction Phases","authors":"R. R. Yusupov, R. R. Yusupov","doi":"10.1134/s1067413623060103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1067413623060103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49586,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139756169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}