Seeing and Perceiving最新文献_第10页

Early auditory sensory processing is facilitated by visual mechanisms 早期的听觉感觉加工是由视觉机制促进的

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X648143

Sonja Schall, S. Kiebel, B. Maess, K. Kriegstein

{"title":"Early auditory sensory processing is facilitated by visual mechanisms","authors":"Sonja Schall, S. Kiebel, B. Maess, K. Kriegstein","doi":"10.1163/187847612X648143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X648143","url":null,"abstract":"There is compelling evidence that low-level sensory areas are sensitive to more than one modality. For example, auditory cortices respond to visual-only stimuli (Calvert et al., 1997; Meyer et al., 2010; Pekkola et al., 2005) and conversely, visual sensory areas respond to sound sources even in auditory-only conditions (Poirier et al., 2005; von Kriegstein et al., 2008; von Kriegstein and Giraud, 2006). Currently, it is unknown what makes the brain activate modality-specific, sensory areas solely in response to input of a different modality. One reason may be that such activations are instrumental for early sensory processing of the input modality — a hypothesis that is contrary to current text book knowledge. Here we test this hypothesis by harnessing a temporally highly resolved method, i.e., magnetoencephalography (MEG), to identify the temporal response profile of visual regions in response to auditory-only voice recognition. Participants ( n = 19 ) briefly learned a set of voices audio–visually, i.e., together with a talking face in an ecologically valid situation, as in daily life. Once subjects were able to recognize these now familiar voices, we measured their brain responses using MEG. The results revealed two key mechanisms that characterize the sensory processing of familiar speakers’ voices: (i) activation in the visual face-sensitive fusiform gyrus at very early auditory processing stages, i.e., only 100 ms after auditory onset and (ii) a temporal facilitation of auditory processing (M200) that was directly associated with improved recognition performance. These findings suggest that visual areas are instrumental already during very early auditory-only processing stages and indicate that the brain uses visual mechanisms to optimize sensory processing and recognition of auditory stimuli.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"25 1","pages":"184-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X648143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64428816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of video game training on the vision of adults with bilateral deprivation amblyopia. 电子游戏训练对成人双侧剥夺性弱视视力的影响。

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/18784763-00002391

Seong Taek Jeon, Daphne Maurer, Terri L Lewis

{"title":"The effect of video game training on the vision of adults with bilateral deprivation amblyopia.","authors":"Seong Taek Jeon, Daphne Maurer, Terri L Lewis","doi":"10.1163/18784763-00002391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18784763-00002391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amblyopia is a condition involving reduced acuity caused by abnormal visual input during a critical period beginning shortly after birth. Amblyopia is typically considered to be irreversible during adulthood. Here we provide the first demonstration that video game training can improve at least some aspects of the vision of adults with bilateral deprivation amblyopia caused by a history of bilateral congenital cataracts. Specifically, after 40 h of training over one month with an action video game, most patients showed improvement in one or both eyes on a wide variety of tasks including acuity, spatial contrast sensitivity, and sensitivity to global motion. As well, there was evidence of improvement in at least some patients for temporal contrast sensitivity, single letter acuity, crowding, and feature spacing in faces, but not for useful field of view. The results indicate that, long after the end of the critical period for damage, there is enough residual plasticity in the adult visual system to effect improvements, even in cases of deep amblyopia caused by early bilateral deprivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"25 5","pages":"493-520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18784763-00002391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31084659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Single-object consistency facilitates multisensory pair learning: Evidence for unitization 单对象一致性促进多感官配对学习:统一的证据

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X646343

Elan Barenholtz, D. Lewkowicz, Lauren Kogelschatz

{"title":"Single-object consistency facilitates multisensory pair learning: Evidence for unitization","authors":"Elan Barenholtz, D. Lewkowicz, Lauren Kogelschatz","doi":"10.1163/187847612X646343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X646343","url":null,"abstract":"Learning about objects often involves associating multisensory properties such as the taste and smell of a food or the face and voice of a person. Here, we report a novel phenomenon in associative learning in which pairs of multisensory attributes that are consistent with deriving from a single object are learned better than pairs that are not. In Experiment 1, we found superior learning of arbitrary pairs of human faces and voices when they were gender-congruent — and thus were consistent with belonging to a single personal identity — compared with gender-incongruent pairs. In Experiment 2, we found a similar advantage when the learned pair consisted of species-congruent animal pictures and vocalizations vs. species-incongruent pairs. In Experiment 3, we found that temporal synchrony — which provides a highly reliable alternative cue that properties derive from a single object — improved performance specifically for the incongruent pairs. Together, these findings demonstrate a novel principle in associative learning in which multisensory pairs that are consistent with having a single object as their source are learned more easily than multisensory pairs that are not. These results suggest that unitizing multisensory properties into a single representation may be a specialized learning mechanism.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"87 1","pages":"11-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X646343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64426262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sounds prevent selective monitoring of high spatial frequency channels in vision 声音阻止了视觉中高空间频率通道的选择性监测

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X646622

Alexis Pérez-Bellido, Joan López-Moliner, S. Soto-Faraco

{"title":"Sounds prevent selective monitoring of high spatial frequency channels in vision","authors":"Alexis Pérez-Bellido, Joan López-Moliner, S. Soto-Faraco","doi":"10.1163/187847612X646622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X646622","url":null,"abstract":"Prior knowledge about the spatial frequency (SF) of upcoming visual targets (Gabor patches) speeds up average reaction times and decreases standard deviation. This has often been regarded as evidence for a multichannel processing of SF in vision. Multisensory research, on the other hand, has often reported the existence of sensory interactions between auditory and visual signals. These interactions result in enhancements in visual processing, leading to lower sensory thresholds and/or more precise visual estimates. However, little is known about how multisensory interactions may affect the uncertainty regarding visual SF. We conducted a reaction time study in which we manipulated the uncertanty about SF (SF was blocked or interleaved across trials) of visual targets, and compared visual only versus audio–visual presentations. Surprisingly, the analysis of the reaction times and their standard deviation revealed an impairment of the selective monitoring of the SF channel by the presence of a concurrent sound. Moreover, this impairment was especially pronounced when the relevant channels were high SFs at high visual contrasts. We propose that an accessory sound automatically favours visual processing of low SFs through the magnocellular channels, thereby detracting from the potential benefits from tuning into high SF psychophysical-channels.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"25 1","pages":"40-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X646622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64426679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is maintaining balance during standing associated with inefficient audio–visual integration in older adults? 老年人站立时保持平衡是否与视听整合效率低下有关?

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X646712

J. Stapleton, E. Doheny, A. Setti, C. Cunningham, L. Crosby, R. Kenny, F. Newell

{"title":"Is maintaining balance during standing associated with inefficient audio–visual integration in older adults?","authors":"J. Stapleton, E. Doheny, A. Setti, C. Cunningham, L. Crosby, R. Kenny, F. Newell","doi":"10.1163/187847612X646712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X646712","url":null,"abstract":"It has previously been shown that older adults may be less efficient than younger adults at processing multisensory information, and that older adults with a history of falling may be less efficient than a healthy cohort when processing audio–visual stimuli (Setti et al., 2011). We investigated whether body stance has an effect on older adults’ ability to efficiently process multisensory information and also whether being presented with multisensory stimuli while standing may affect an individual’s balance. This experiment was performed by 44 participants, including both fall-prone older adults and a healthy control cohort. We tested their susceptibility to a sound-induced flash illusion (i.e., Shams et al., 2002), during both sitting and standing positions while measuring balance parameters using body-worn sensors. The results suggest that balance control in fall prone-adults was compromised relative to adults with no falls history, and this was particularly evident whilst they were presented with the auditory-flash illusion but not the non-illusory condition. Also, when the temporal window of the stimulus onset asynchrony was narrow (70 ms) fall-prone adults were more susceptible to the illusion during the standing position compared with their performance while seated, while the performance of older adults with no history of falling was unaffected by a change in position. These results suggest a link between efficient multisensory integration and balance control and have implications for interventions when fall-prone adults encounter complex multisensory information in their environment.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"1 1","pages":"50-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X646712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64427178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psychedelic synaesthesia: Evidence for a serotonergic role in synaesthesia 迷幻联觉:5 -羟色胺在联觉中作用的证据

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X646956

D. Luke, D. Terhune, Ross Friday

引用次数: 11

The hands have it: Hand specific vision of touch enhances touch perception and somatosensory evoked potential 手有它:手特有的触觉视觉增强了触觉感知和体感诱发电位

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X646659

Brenda R. Malcolm, K. Reilly, J. Mattout, R. Salemme, O. Bertrand, M. Beauchamp, T. Ro, A. Farnè

{"title":"The hands have it: Hand specific vision of touch enhances touch perception and somatosensory evoked potential","authors":"Brenda R. Malcolm, K. Reilly, J. Mattout, R. Salemme, O. Bertrand, M. Beauchamp, T. Ro, A. Farnè","doi":"10.1163/187847612X646659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X646659","url":null,"abstract":"Our ability to accurately discriminate information from one sensory modality is often influenced by information from the other senses. Previous research indicates that tactile perception on the hand may be enhanced if participants look at a hand (compared to a neutral object) and if visual information about the origin of touch conveys temporal and/or spatial congruency. The current experiment further assessed the effects of non-informative vision on tactile perception. Participants made speeded discrimination responses (digit 2 or digit 5 of their right hand) to supra-threshold electro-cutaneous stimulation while viewing a video showing a pointer, in a static position or moving (dynamic), towards the same or different digit of a hand or to the corresponding spatial location on a non-corporeal object (engine). Therefore, besides manipulating whether a visual contact was spatially congruent to the simultaneously felt touch, we also manipulated the nature of the recipient object (hand vs. engine). Behaviourally, the temporal cues provided by the dynamic visual information about an upcoming touch decreased reaction times. Additionally, a greater enhancement in tactile discrimination was present when participants viewed a spatially congruent contact compared to a spatially incongruent contact. Most importantly, this visually driven improvement was greater for the view-hand condition compared to the view-object condition. Spatially-congruent, hand-specific visual events also produced the greatest amplitude in the P50 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). We conclude that tactile perception is enhanced when vision provides non-predictive spatio-temporal cues and that these effects are specifically enhanced when viewing a hand.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"6 1","pages":"43-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X646659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64427476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Audiovisual crossmodal correspondences in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) 自闭症谱系障碍(ASDs)的视听跨模态对应关系

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X646668

Valeria Occelli, G. Esposito, P. Venuti, P. Walker, M. Zampini

{"title":"Audiovisual crossmodal correspondences in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)","authors":"Valeria Occelli, G. Esposito, P. Venuti, P. Walker, M. Zampini","doi":"10.1163/187847612X646668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X646668","url":null,"abstract":"The label ‘crossmodal correspondences’ has been used to define the nonarbitrary associations that appear to exist between different basic physical stimulus attributes in different sensory modalities. For instance, it has been consistently shown in the neurotypical population that higher pitched sounds are more frequently matched with visual patterns which are brighter, smaller, and sharper than those associated to lower pitched sounds. Some evidence suggests that patients with ASDs tend not to show this crossmodal preferential association pattern (e.g., curvilinear shapes and labial/lingual consonants vs. rectilinear shapes and plosive consonants). In the present study, we compared the performance of children with ASDs (6–15 years) and matched neurotypical controls in a non-verbal crossmodal correspondence task. The participants were asked to indicate which of two bouncing visual patterns was making a centrally located sound. In intermixed trials, the visual patterns varied in either size, surface brightness, or shape, whereas the sound varied in pitch. The results showed that, whereas the neurotypical controls reliably matched the higher pitched sound to a smaller and brighter visual pattern, the performance of participants with ASDs was at chance level. In the condition where the visual patterns differed in shape, no inter-group difference was observed. Children’s matching performance cannot be attributed to intensity matching or difficulties in understanding the instructions, which were controlled. These data suggest that the tendency to associate congruent visual and auditory features vary as a function of the presence of ASDs, possibly pointing to poorer capabilities to integrate auditory and visual inputs in this population.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"25 1","pages":"44-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X646668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64427535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of looming and static sounds on somatosensory processing: A MEG study 隐隐约约和静态声音对躯体感觉加工的影响:一项脑磁图研究

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X647270

E. Leonardelli, Valeria Occelli, G. Demarchi, M. Grassi, C. Braun, M. Zampini

{"title":"Effects of looming and static sounds on somatosensory processing: A MEG study","authors":"E. Leonardelli, Valeria Occelli, G. Demarchi, M. Grassi, C. Braun, M. Zampini","doi":"10.1163/187847612X647270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X647270","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to assess the mechanisms involved in the processing of potentially threatening stimuli presented within the peri-head space of humans. Magnetic fields evoked by air-puffs presented at the peri-oral area of fifteen participants were recorded by using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Crucially, each air puff was preceded by a sound, which could be either perceived as looming, stationary and close to the body (i.e., within the peri-head space) or stationary and far from the body (i.e., extrapersonal space). The comparison of the time courses of the global field power (GFP) indicated a significant difference in the time window ranging from 70 to 170 ms between the conditions. When the air puff was preceded by a stationary sound located far from the head stronger somatosensory activity was evoked as compared to the conditions where the sounds were located close to the head. No difference could be shown for the looming and the stationary prime stimulus close to the head. Source localization was performed assuming a pair of symmetric dipoles in a spherical head model that was fitted to the MRI images of the individual participants. Results showed sources in primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. Source activities in secondary somatosensory cortex differed between the three conditions, with larger effects evoked by the looming sounds and smaller effects evoked by the far stationary sounds, and the close stationary sounds evoking intermediate effects. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of a system involved in the detection of approaching objects and protecting the body from collisions in humans.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"25 1","pages":"94-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X647270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64427800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ERP investigations into the effects of gaze and spatial attention on the processing of tactile events 注视和空间注意对触觉事件加工影响的ERP研究

Seeing and Perceiving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/187847612X647784

Elena Gherri, Bettina Forster

{"title":"ERP investigations into the effects of gaze and spatial attention on the processing of tactile events","authors":"Elena Gherri, Bettina Forster","doi":"10.1163/187847612X647784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/187847612X647784","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research demonstrated that directing one’s gaze at a body part reduces detection speed (e.g., Tipper et al., 1998) and enhances the processing (Forster and Eimer, 2005) of tactile stimuli presented at the gazed location. Interestingly, gaze-dependent modulation of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), are very similar to those observed in previous studies of tactile spatial attention. This might indicate that manipulating gaze direction activates the same mechanisms that are responsible for the covert orienting of spatial attention in touch. To investigate this possibility, gaze direction and sustained tactile attention were orthogonally manipulated in the present study. In different blocks of trials, participants focused their attention on the left or right hand while gazing to the attended or to the unattended hand while they had to respond to infrequent tactile targets presented to the attended hand. Analyses of the SEPs elicited by tactile non-target stimuli demonstrate that gaze and attention influence different stages of tactile processing. While gaze is able to modulate tactile processing already 50 ms after stimulus onset, attentional SEP modulations are only observed beyond 110 ms post-stimulus. This dissociation in the timing and therefore the associated locus of the effects of gaze and attention on somatosensory processing reveals that the effect of gaze on tactile processing is independent of tactile attention.","PeriodicalId":49553,"journal":{"name":"Seeing and Perceiving","volume":"25 1","pages":"146-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/187847612X647784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64428481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1