Silva Fennica最新文献_第5页

Large-scale two-phase estimation of wood production by poplar plantations exploiting Sentinel-2 data as auxiliary information 利用Sentinel-2数据辅助估算杨树人工林木材产量的大尺度两阶段估算

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10247

A. Marcelli, W. Mattioli, N. Puletti, F. Chianucci, D. Gianelle, M. Grotti, G. Chirici, Giovanni Dall' Amico, S. Francini, D. Travaglini, L. Fattorini, P. Corona

{"title":"Large-scale two-phase estimation of wood production by poplar plantations exploiting Sentinel-2 data as auxiliary information","authors":"A. Marcelli, W. Mattioli, N. Puletti, F. Chianucci, D. Gianelle, M. Grotti, G. Chirici, Giovanni Dall' Amico, S. Francini, D. Travaglini, L. Fattorini, P. Corona","doi":"10.14214/sf.10247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10247","url":null,"abstract":"Growing demand for wood products, combined with efforts to conserve natural forests, have supported a steady increase in the global extent of planted forests. Here, a two-phase sampling strategy for large-scale assessment of the total area and the total wood volume of fast-growing forest tree crops within agricultural land is presented. The first phase is performed using tessellation stratified sampling on high-resolution remotely sensed imagery and is sufficient for estimating the total area of plantations by means of a Monte Carlo integration estimator. The second phase is performed using stratified sampling of the plantations selected in the first phase and is aimed at estimating total wood volume by means of an approximation of the first-phase Horvitz-Thompson estimator. Vegetation indices from Sentinel-2 are exploited as freely available auxiliary information in a linear regression estimator to improve the design-based precision of the estimator based on the sole sample data. Estimators of the totals and of the design-based variances of total estimators are presented. A simulation study is developed in order to check the design-based performance of the two alternative estimators under several artificial distributions supposed for poplar plantations (random, clustered, spatially trended). An application in Northern Italy is also reported. The regression estimator turns out to be invariably better than that based on the sole sample information. Possible integrations of the proposed sampling scheme with conventional national forest inventories adopting tessellation stratified sampling in the first phase are discussed.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Leaching of heavy metals and barium from forest roads reinforced with fly ash 粉煤灰加固林道中重金属和钡的浸出

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10088

A. Lindroos, Kira Ryhti, T. Kaakkurivaara, J. Uusitalo, H. Helmisaari

{"title":"Leaching of heavy metals and barium from forest roads reinforced with fly ash","authors":"A. Lindroos, Kira Ryhti, T. Kaakkurivaara, J. Uusitalo, H. Helmisaari","doi":"10.14214/SF.10088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10088","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leaching of heavy metals (Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Mo) and earth-alkaline metal, barium (Ba), on the percolation and ditch water quality from the forest roads that contained ash in the road structures. Water quality was studied in the immediate vicinity below the ash layers as well as deeper in the road structure. Water quality was also determined in the drainage water in ditches that crossed the forest roads. A mixture of wood and peat based fly ash was used in the road structures. The treatments were: 1) no ash, 2) a 15 cm layer of ash/gravel mixture, 3) a 20 cm layer of ash/gravel mixture, 4) a 25 cm layer of ash, and 5) a 50 cm layer of ash. Large variation in the concentrations of Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mo and Ba in the percolation water, even within the same treatment, caused difficulties to generalize the results. The concentrations of Cr, As, Ni, Pb, Mo and Ba in water samples were high in some treatment plot lysimeters containing ash compared to the control (no ash). On the other hand, many lysimeters had low and similar concentrations in water samples in the treatment plots containing ash compared to concentrations in the control plots. The ash in the roads did not affect the concentrations in the ditches. The leaching is uneven and seems to take place only from some parts of the ash layer. Risk for leaching is minimal if such parts are not widely spread.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45293773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Modelling the effect of habitat composition and roads on the occurrence and number of moose damage at multiple scales 多尺度模拟栖息地组成和道路对驼鹿损伤发生率和数量的影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-10 DOI: 10.14214/SF.9918

A. Nikula, V. Nivala, J. Matala, K. Heliövaara

{"title":"Modelling the effect of habitat composition and roads on the occurrence and number of moose damage at multiple scales","authors":"A. Nikula, V. Nivala, J. Matala, K. Heliövaara","doi":"10.14214/SF.9918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.9918","url":null,"abstract":"We modelled the effect of habitat composition and roads on the number and occurrence of moose ( L.) damage in Ostrobothnia and Lapland using a zero-inflated count model. Models were developed for 1 km, 25 km and 100 km landscapes consisting of equilateral rectangular grid cells. Count models predict the number of damage, i.e. the number of plantations and zero models the probability of a landscape being without damage for a given habitat composition. The number of moose damage in neighboring grid cells was a significant predictor in all models. The proportion of mature forest was the most frequent significant variable, and an increasing admixture of mature forests among plantations increased the number and occurrence of damage. The amount of all types of plantations was the second most common significant variable predicting increasing damage along with increasing amount of plantations. An increase in thinning forests as an admixture also increased damage in 1 km landscapes in both areas, whereas an increase in pine-dominated thinning forests in Lapland reduced the number of damage in 25 km landscapes. An increasing amount of inhabited areas in Ostrobothnia and the length of connecting roads in Lapland reduced the number of damage in 1 and 25 km landscapes. Differences in model variables between areas suggest that models of moose damage risk should be adjusted according to characteristics that are specific to the study area.Alces alces222222","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46170474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Colchicine did not affect the viability of induced 2n pollen in Populus tomentosa 秋水仙碱对毛白杨诱导的2n花粉活力没有影响

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10132

Yan Liu, Y. Zhang, Qingli Zhou, Jian Wu, Pingdong Zhang

{"title":"Colchicine did not affect the viability of induced 2n pollen in Populus tomentosa","authors":"Yan Liu, Y. Zhang, Qingli Zhou, Jian Wu, Pingdong Zhang","doi":"10.14214/SF.10132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10132","url":null,"abstract":"Colchicine is widely used as a mutagen to induce production of diploid gametes in plants. However, whether colchicine affects induced pollen viability remains unclear. To clarify whether colchicine affected the viability of induced pollen, we induced production of diploid pollen by colchicine, followed by pollen germination and crossing induced pollen with normal gametes to produce triploid in CarriÃ¨re. The results showed that the predominant meiotic stages and the number of colchicine injections had significant effects on the occurrence rates of induced 2n pollen. When the colchicine injection was given at diakinesis, a significant decrease in the pollen production per bud was observed (â<â0.001). The morphology of the colchicine-induced 2n pollen was similar to that of the natural 2n pollen in its ectexine structure. The pollen germination experiments revealed that there was also no significant difference in germination rates between the induced diploid pollen and natural 2n pollen grains, and 68 triploids were created by crossing colchicine-induced pollen. Our findings revealed that colchicine injection could induce to produce 2n pollen and will not lead to dysfunction of induced diploid pollen.in vitroPopulus tomentosapP. tomentosa","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Reporting modern statistical analyses: reproducible and transparent 报告现代统计分析:可重复和透明

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10257

L. Mehtätalo

引用次数: 1

New age of discovery in wood science 木材科学发现的新时代

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10216

H. Heräjärvi

引用次数: 0

Estimating stand level stem diameter distribution utilizing harvester data and airborne laser scanning 利用收割机数据和机载激光扫描估计机架水平杆直径分布

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10075

M. Maltamo, M. Hauglin, E. Næsset, T. Gobakken

{"title":"Estimating stand level stem diameter distribution utilizing harvester data and airborne laser scanning","authors":"M. Maltamo, M. Hauglin, E. Næsset, T. Gobakken","doi":"10.14214/SF.10075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10075","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately positioned single-tree data obtained from a cut-to-length harvester were used as training harvester plot data for k-nearest neighbor (k-nn) stem diameter distribution modelling applying airborne laser scanning (ALS) information as predictor variables. Part of the same harvester data were also used for stand-level validation where the validation units were stands including all the harvester plots on a systematic grid located within each individual stand. In the validation all harvester plots within a stand and also the neighboring stands located closer than 200 m were excluded from the training data when predicting for plots of a particular stand. We further compared different training harvester plot sizes, namely 200 m, 400 m, 900 m and 1600 m. Due to this setup the number of considered stands and the areas within the stands varied between the different harvester plot sizes. Our data were from final fellings in Akershus County in Norway and consisted of altogether 47 stands dominated by Norway spruce. We also had ALS data from the area. We concentrated on estimating characteristics of Norway spruce but due to the k-nn approach, species-wise estimates and stand totals as a sum over species were considered as well. The results showed that in the most accurate cases stand-level merchantable total volume could be estimated with RMSE values smaller than 9% of the mean. This value can be considered as highly accurate. Also the fit of the stem diameter distribution assessed by a variant of Reynoldâs error index showed values smaller than 0.2 which are superior to those found in the previous studies. The differences between harvester plot sizes were generally small, showing most accurate results for the training harvester plot sizes 200 m and 400 m.222222","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in Betula pendula – situation five years after pruning 修剪季节和修剪工具对钟桦结和茎变色的影响——修剪后5年的情况

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10052

P. Niemistö, H. Kilpeläinen, H. Heräjärvi

{"title":"Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in Betula pendula – situation five years after pruning","authors":"P. Niemistö, H. Kilpeläinen, H. Heräjärvi","doi":"10.14214/SF.10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10052","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates and models the effects of pruning season and tool on wound occlusion with varying tree and branch characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) stems at the pruning height of 0â4 metres. Dates of eight secateurs prunings, three saw prunings and two sticks prunings as well as unpruned control were tested in permanent plots on four sites. Knot occlusion and discolouration in stemwood were measured from about 1600 studied knots of 112 sample trees felled five to six years after pruning in 2010. Knot occlusion rate was modelled according to pruning tool, date, tree growth, and branch characteristics. The occlusion was the fastest in trees pruned in spring or early summer, and the slowest in trees pruned in autumn. Stubs of living branches occluded faster than the dead ones with the same diameter. Saw pruning resulted in clearly better occlusion rates than secateurs pruning, caused by the shorter knot stubs after saw pruning. Hitting dead branches away with a stick resulted in the worst occlusion status. The colour defects spread more often upward from the knot than downward. Discolouration in stemwood was detected more frequently near to the pruned branches than the unpruned ones, and more widely near to the stubs of dead branches than the living ones. Most saw and secateurs pruned branches were completely occluded during the experiment, so these prunings were suitable for all branches under 20 mm in diameter, and for living branches even up to 30 mm in fast-growing trees.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Dead wood profile of a semi-natural boreal forest - implications for sampling 半自然北方森林的枯木剖面。取样意义

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/sf.10010

P. Halme, J. Purhonen, Emma‐Liina Marjakangas, A. Komonen, Katja Juutilainen, Nerea Abrego

{"title":"Dead wood profile of a semi-natural boreal forest - implications for sampling","authors":"P. Halme, J. Purhonen, Emma‐Liina Marjakangas, A. Komonen, Katja Juutilainen, Nerea Abrego","doi":"10.14214/sf.10010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.10010","url":null,"abstract":"Dead wood profile of a forest is a useful tool for describing forest characteristics and assessing forest disturbance history. Nevertheless, dead wood profiles, including both coarse and fine dead wood, are rare as well as studies on the effect of sampling intensity on the dead wood estimates. In a semi-natural boreal forest, we measured every dead wood item over 2 cm in diameter from 80 study plots. From eight plots, we further recorded dead wood items below 2 cm in diameter. Based on these data we constructed the full dead wood profile, i.e. the overall number of dead wood items and their distribution among different tree species, volumes of different size and decay stage categories. We discovered that while the number of small dead wood items was immense, their number dropped drastically from the diameter below 1 cm to diameters 2-3 cm. Different tree species had notably different abundance-diameter distribution patterns: spruce dead wood comprised mainly of the smallest diameter fractions, whereas aspen dead wood had larger share of large-diameter items. Considering volume, most dead wood was large (>10 cm in diameter), out of which 62% was birch. We also observed that the variation in the dead wood estimates was small for the numerically dominant tree species and smallest diameter categories, but high for the sub-dominant tree species and larger size categories. In conclusion, the more the focus of the dead wood inventory is on rare tree species and large dead wood items, the more comprehensive should the sampling be.","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Seasonal dynamics of lingonberry and blueberry spectra 越橘和蓝莓光谱的季节动态

IF 1.8 3区农林科学

Silva Fennica Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.14214/SF.10150

Petri R. Forsström, J. Peltoniemi, M. Rautiainen

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of lingonberry and blueberry spectra","authors":"Petri R. Forsström, J. Peltoniemi, M. Rautiainen","doi":"10.14214/SF.10150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14214/SF.10150","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate mapping of the spatial distribution of understory species from spectral images requires ground reference data which represent the prevailing phenological stage at the time of image acquisition. We measured the spectral bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs, 350â2500 nm) at varying view angles for lingonberry ( L.) and blueberry ( L.) throughout the growing season of 2017 using Finnish Geospatial Research Instituteâs FIGIFIGO field goniometer. Additionally, we measured spectra of leaves and berries of both species, and flowers of lingonberry. Both lingonberry and blueberry showed seasonality in visible and near-infrared spectral regions which was linked to occurrences of leaf growth, flowering, berrying, and leaf senescence. The seasonality of spectra differed between species due to different phenologies (evergreen vs. deciduous). Vegetation indices, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), moisture stress index (MSI), plant senescence reflectance index (PSRI), and red-edge inflection point (REIP2), showed characteristic seasonal trends. NDVI and PSRI were sensitive to the presence of flowers and berries of lingonberry, while with blueberry the effects were less evident. Off-nadir observations supported differentiating the dwarf shrub species from each other but showed little improvement for detection of flowers and berries. Lingonberry and blueberry can be identified by their spectral signatures if ground reference data are available over the entire growing season. The spectral data measured in this study are reposited in the publicly open SPECCHIO Spectral Information System.Vaccinium vitis-idaeaVaccinium myrtillus","PeriodicalId":49520,"journal":{"name":"Silva Fennica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66767578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13