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Implicit bias as unintentional discrimination 隐性偏见是一种无意识的歧视
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04364-3
Lieke Joske Franci Asma
{"title":"Implicit bias as unintentional discrimination","authors":"Lieke Joske Franci Asma","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04364-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04364-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, I argue that instead of primarily paying attention to the nature of implicit attitudes that are taken to cause implicit discrimination, we should investigate how discrimination can be implicit in itself. I propose to characterize implicit discrimination as unintentional discrimination: the person responds to facts unintentionally and often unconsciously which are, given their end, irrelevant and imply unfair treatment. The result is a unified account of implicit bias that allows for the different ways in which it can display itself and can be explained. Furthermore, the view can account for the central characteristics of implicit bias: (1) that it is, for a variety of reasons, difficult to control, (2) that we are not necessarily unconscious of implicit bias but not properly conscious either, and (3) that we can unintentionally discriminate regardless of whether we claim to care about fairness.","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artifacts and intervention: a persistence theory of artifact functions 工件与干预:工件功能的持久性理论
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04347-4
Clint Hurshman
{"title":"Artifacts and intervention: a persistence theory of artifact functions","authors":"Clint Hurshman","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04347-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04347-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135995742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to make (mathematical) assertions with directives 如何用指令做出(数学)断言
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04360-7
Laura Caponetto, Luca San Mauro, Giorgio Venturi
{"title":"How to make (mathematical) assertions with directives","authors":"Laura Caponetto, Luca San Mauro, Giorgio Venturi","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04360-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04360-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is prima facie uncontroversial that the justification of an assertion amounts to a collection of other (inferentially related) assertions. In this paper, we point at a class of assertions, i.e. mathematical assertions, that appear to systematically flout this principle. To justify a mathematical assertion (e.g. a theorem) is to provide a proof—and proofs are sequences of directives. The claim is backed up by linguistic data on the use of imperatives in proofs, and by a pragmatic analysis of theorems and their proofs. Proofs, we argue, are sequences of instructions whose performance inevitably gets one to truth. It follows that a felicitous theorem, i.e. a theorem that has been correctly proven, is a persuasive theorem. When it comes to mathematical assertions, there is no sharp distinction between illocutionary and perlocutionary success.","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Symmetries as grounds for induction: the case of the Ω− baryon 作为归纳基础的对称性:Ω−重子的例子
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04344-7
Julien Tricard
{"title":"Symmetries as grounds for induction: the case of the Ω− baryon","authors":"Julien Tricard","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04344-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04344-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135804370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
By(e) enduring? An answer to Wasserman (e)持久?这是对沃瑟曼的回答
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04351-8
Maria Scarpati, Claudio Calosi
{"title":"By(e) enduring? An answer to Wasserman","authors":"Maria Scarpati, Claudio Calosi","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04351-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04351-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three kinds of the Lotka–Volterra model transfer from biology to economics 三种Lotka-Volterra模型从生物学转移到经济学
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04341-w
Hsiang-Ke Chao
{"title":"Three kinds of the Lotka–Volterra model transfer from biology to economics","authors":"Hsiang-Ke Chao","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04341-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04341-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demarcating Descartes’s geometry with clarity and distinctness 清晰而清晰地界定了笛卡儿的几何学
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04356-3
Stella S. Moon
{"title":"Demarcating Descartes’s geometry with clarity and distinctness","authors":"Stella S. Moon","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04356-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04356-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135968962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unconscious transformative experience 无意识转化经验
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04332-x
Sam Coleman, Barbara Gail Montero
{"title":"Unconscious transformative experience","authors":"Sam Coleman, Barbara Gail Montero","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04332-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04332-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136063111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are models our tools not our masters? 模型是我们的工具而不是我们的主人吗?
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04352-7
Caspar Jacobs
{"title":"Are models our tools not our masters?","authors":"Caspar Jacobs","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04352-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04352-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is often claimed that one can avoid the kind of underdetermination that is a typical consequence of symmetries in physics by stipulating that symmetry-related models represent the same state of affairs (Leibniz Equivalence). But recent commentators (Dasgupta in Philos Perspect 25:115–160, 2011; Pooley in: Knox and Wilson (eds) The Routledge companion to the philosophy of physics, Routledge, Milton Park, 2021; Pooley and Read in Br J Philos Sci, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1086/718274 ; Teitel in J Philos 119:233–278, 2021) have responded that claims about the representational capacities of models are irrelevant to the issue of underdetermination, which concerns possible worlds themselves. In this paper I distinguish two versions of this objection: (1) that a theory’s formalism does not (fully) determine the space of physical possibilities, and (2) that the relevant notion of possibility is not physical possibility. I offer a refutation of each.","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135197644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Evidence and the epistemic betterness 证据和认知的改进
1区 哲学
Synthese Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-023-04350-9
Ilho Park
{"title":"Evidence and the epistemic betterness","authors":"Ilho Park","doi":"10.1007/s11229-023-04350-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-023-04350-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49452,"journal":{"name":"Synthese","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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