{"title":"Civil society and overcoming the social exclusion of children, youth and the elderly (on the example of Argentina and Chile)","authors":"Liudmila Diyakova","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-56-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-56-77","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the activities of civil society organizations in Argen-tina and Chile to reduce the social exclusion of two vulnerable groups of the population: on the one hand, children and youth, on the other, elderly people from poor backgrounds. Based on the analysis of the work of a number of non-governmental organizations aimed at the social adaptation of the younger generation and the creation of a tolerant social environment for older people, the specifics of civil society as an active participant in public life, a full-fledged partner of the state in promoting social policy are revealed. It is noted that the educational activities of NGOs and the devel-opment of specific practices of additional training, volunteer support, the creation of special centers for mutual assistance and communication are able to produce new values, form social capital and solve a wide range of tasks related to expanding life prospects and overcoming discrimination.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Many Faces of Chilean Socialism: Julio César Jobet.","authors":"Andrey Schelchkov","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-7-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-7-38","url":null,"abstract":"The Chilean socialist movement, the Socialist Party, was very different from the parties of the same name both in Europe and in Latin Ameri-ca, being a party of revolutionary Marxism, standing on the positions of anti-imperialism, Latin Americanism, anti-reformism. This party was distinguished by internal ideological pluralism, when right-wing, social-democratic tendencies and extreme left, guided by the experience of the Cuban revolution, as well as Trotskyists and Maoists, coexisted within one party. This party consisted of an outstanding intellectual, historian, publicist Julio Cesar Jobet, who was a kind of theoretician of the party. This article is devoted to the analysis of his views and politi-cal positions. He was a popularizer and disseminator of Marxist thought in Chile. His Marxism was distinguished by a special reading. At the center of his thought were the problems associated with socialist humanism. His activity contributed to the adoption of many of the provisions of his theory by such leading politicians of the Socialist Party as Salvador Allende or Eugenio González. The purpose of the article is to show the influence of Jobet's position on such issues as humanism, democracy, freedom, criticism of Soviet totalitarianism, revolutionism as opposed to the reformism of the Communist Party of Chile on the formation of the policy of the \"Chilean path to socialism\" during the period of the Government of Popular Unity (1970-1973).","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coyoacán as the epicenter: from workers' consciousness and the rebellious hand of labor to the national-revolutionary tide","authors":"Jaime Ortega Reyna, Victor Hugo Pacheco","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-243-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-243-266","url":null,"abstract":"In this text we explore Adolfo Gilly's intellectual activity prior to his \"historical turn\". We focus on the theoretical and political implications of his participation in the Marxist magazine Coyoacán, as well as his first attempts to understand the national-revolutionary phenomenon that led him to get close to the union leader Rafaél Galván and later to Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. We seek to demonstrate that this period was the one with the greatest theoretical emphasis, in dialogue with Italian workerism (not always explicit) Gilly had a reading in the key of political theory and another in the key of critique of political economy.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Unidad Popular” in Chile and the Theory of Dual Power in the Works of Rene Zavaleta Mercado","authors":"Manuel Loyola","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-39-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-39-55","url":null,"abstract":"The Popular unity in Chile (1970-1973) with its radical social program after the victory in the elections of 1970 faced the problem of power, its completeness, effectiveness of implementation and preservation of leadership functions. This problem was acute for the forces that were part of the ruling coalition and that supported it from the outside. Hav-ing almost no historical experience on which to base their reflections on the complex question of a single, consolidated power and state in-stitutions, Chilean left-wing intellectuals inevitably turned to the lega-cy of the classics, to the experience of the Russian revolution, which suggested as obvious parallels the problems of dual power in the revo-lution, critical balance and the actions of the parties to overcome it in their favor. 50th anniversary of the dramatic military coup that put an end to the historical experiment of the popular government of Salvador Allende and the \"Chilean path to socialism\" We offer an analysis of the works and ideas of the outstanding Bolivian intellectual René Zavaleta Mercado (1935-1984), who was a contemporary and witness of those events, and who left interesting works on this topic, where the main outline of his theoretical-political work was aspects related to the category of dual power, addressed to the analysis of the experience of National Unity as part of the Latin American revolutionary experience of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Bonapartism to populism Latin American readings of The l8 Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte","authors":"Horacio Tarcus","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-164-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-164-202","url":null,"abstract":"The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte was in 1852 a bumpy edi-tion and a circulation limited to German emigrants in the United States, without the slightest direct impact on the events of contempo-rary France. The French public only knew a translation in 1891, when Louis Bonaparte's regime had collapsed two decades earlier. However, the work of Karl Marx became a classic in the first decades of the twen-tieth century, while the notion of Bonapartism transcended its national and epochal context, to become a category of modern political thought thought. With Trotsky's exile in Mexico in 1937, the notion was in-corporated into the Latin American political vocabulary to account for Cardenismo and other national-popular regimes that emerged on this continent throughout the twentieth century. After intensive use, the term fell into disuse in the 1980s, being displaced by a surrogate notion, that of populism, elaborated by the Argentine political scientist Ernesto Laclau.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spanish novels of Lion Feuchtwanger","authors":"Yuri Vasilenko","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-267-289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-267-289","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes two novels of L. Feuchtwanger devoted to the Spanish theme – «Goya» and «The Jewess of Toledo». To be based on the classic plots of Spanish history – two tragic «une histoire d`amour» – Feuchtwanger seeks to establish the ideals of Humanism and the En-lightenment. Raising such issues as the artist and power, politics and love, progress and religion, the struggle between Good and Evil (Light and Darkness), the Black Legend and the role of the Jews in medieval Spain, Feuchtwanger is forced to come to the conclusion that human nature and intellect are imperfect. The author of the article shows that a deep historiosophy is hidden behind the artistic content, and Feucht-wanger conducts a constant and intense dialogue with his contemporar-ies.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adolfo Gilly and the Guatemalan epic. In search of revolution","authors":"Verónica Oikión Solano","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-203-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-203-242","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines a brief review of the life and work of Adolfo Gilly, especially focused on his revolutionary actions as a distinguished mili-tant of the Latin American Bureau of the Fourth Posadist International. His conception of the permanent revolution led him not only to critically delve into the processes of social change in Latin America, but also to become a revolutionary intellectual, whose pen was at the same time the insurgent rifle in the convergence of the Trotskyist Revolutionary Workers Party and the November 13 Revolutionary Movement.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136239302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formation of historical science and social thought in Mexico in the 19th century","authors":"Irina Selivanova","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-142-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-142-163","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the process of formation of historical science and social thought in Mexico in the 19th century. The author focuses on the important works of some of the most famous researchers of Mexican history, which laid the foundation for Mexican historiography. The au-thor notes that the origin and formation of Mexican national historiog-raphy and social thought was associated with key political events in the country's history: War of Independence 1810-1824, creation of the first liberal constitutions, Mexican-American War 1846-1848. and territorial disputes with the United States, bourgeois reforms, the civil war of 1854–1860, the Anglo-French-Spanish intervention, the liberation war of the Mexican people of 1861–1867. These events occupied an im-portant place in the works of the first Mexican historians, who often personally took part in the process of the political formation of an in-dependent state and became the starting points around which the historical concepts of the Mexican history of the national period were formed. these events primarily attracted the attention of historians and became the starting points around which the historical concepts of the Mexican history.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cracking the “glass ceiling”. Camila Vallejo and the new political leadership of women in Chile (2010-2018)","authors":"Rolando Álvarez Vallejos, Mariana Labarca","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-78-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-78-114","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the political leadership developed by Camila Va-llejo since 2010 until 2018. It examines the strategies developed by Va-llejo to crack the “glass ceiling”, that is, the barriers she had to over-come as a woman, first as student leader and later as congresswoman. It suggests that while being a student leader, Vallejo tried to tightly cir-cumscribe her speech to her political position regarding the demands of the student movement. Forced to deal with repeated sexist and machis-ta attacks, her strategy at this stage was to try as much as possible to ignore or silence the fact of being a woman. Later on, as she settled herself as a political leader in parliament, Vallejo increasingly adopted an openly feminist position, speaking of and making visible the main women’s struggles against sexist violence and for gender equality. Through this path, she managed to subvert the margins imposed on her, building a new feminist leadership within the institutional political system.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A socioeconomic development of Argentina in the first half of the XIX-th century","authors":"Vladimir Kazakov","doi":"10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-115-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2023-39-1-115-141","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines formation of socioeconomic structure of Argenti-na after the War of independence. The author focuses on the main fea-tures of a new social order: land boom, estancia expansion, ranching export, expansion of foreign capital. After the War of Independence, large land ownership, latifundists became dominant in the country. Creole merchants, while maintaining their positions in the export-import trade, began to create large estancias. The high profitability of cattle breeding, in comparison with agriculture, led to the transfor-mation of cattle breeding into the main sphere of capital application. Along with the oligarchy, foreign capital became the most important component of the emerging structure. English capital appeared in Ar-gentina as a trading capital, but began to invest in estancias and saladeros – cattle processing enterprises. Argentine industry – manufactories and craft workshops in Buenos Aires and rural industry in the interior provinces – could not compete with foreign goods. Argentina has become an economic colony: the export of cattle products in exchange for the import of manufactured goods.","PeriodicalId":494025,"journal":{"name":"Латиноамериканский исторический алманах","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}