IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2019-05-29 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00015.1

K. Archibald, Kristina Baltutis, M. Stoskopf, C. Bailey

引用次数: 2

Characterization of a brown bear aggregation during the hyperphagia period in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Spain 西班牙西北部坎塔布连山脉暴饮暴食期间棕熊聚集的特征

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2019-05-29 DOI: 10.2192/URSU-D-29-1.1

H. Ruiz-Villar, A. Morales-González, G. Bombieri, A. Zarzo‐Arias, V. Penteriani

引用次数: 5

demetR: a Bayesian population simulation web-application for harvest management demetR:一个用于收获管理的贝叶斯种群模拟web应用程序

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2019-05-24 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00012.1

F. Bled, J. Belant

{"title":"demetR: a Bayesian population simulation web-application for harvest management","authors":"F. Bled, J. Belant","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00012.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00012.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Management of large carnivore populations represents an important challenge in conservation, requiring balancing their cultural, economic, and ecological value with potential risks of human–wildlife conflicts. Harvest can provide an effective tool for managing populations, but it can be difficult to define appropriate harvest quotas or assess the consequences of other conservation measures. We introduce the web-application ‘demetR’ (“Dynamic Environment for Modeling and Estimating Trajectories in R,” available at https://pop-eco.shinyapps.io/demetR/) to evaluate the effects of harvest scenarios and other conservation policies on brown bear (Ursus arctos) and American black bear (U. americanus) populations. We developed a Bayesian population trajectory model to simulate brown bear and black bear populations in response to user-defined demographic parameters and harvest. Model simulations are performed using fixed or stochastic demographic parameters, allowing for informative and non-informative priors. We provide an overview of the general layout, along with descriptions of model inputs and outputs. We then provide examples of bear populations simulated using deterministic and stochastic approaches with varying levels of harvest. Performing computer simulations of different management scenarios offers an economical and efficient way to test practices before their application, and can be valuable for decision-making. This model can also be applied to other species with similar life-history traits. Future developments will provide users with greater input flexibility and adaptations to specific population structures of other large carnivores. Management decisions can be costly, with long-lasting ecological and economic consequences. Models such as the one we present here, in the context of structured decision-making and adaptive management, can improve the quality and quantity of information needed to make these decisions.","PeriodicalId":49393,"journal":{"name":"Ursus","volume":"36 1","pages":"82 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78605605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Field air analysis of volatile compounds from free-ranging giant pandas 野外放养大熊猫挥发性化合物的空气分析

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2019-05-16 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00009.1

Abbey E. Wilson, D. Sparks, Katrina K. Knott, S. Willard, Ashli Brown, T. Connor, Zejun Zhang

{"title":"Field air analysis of volatile compounds from free-ranging giant pandas","authors":"Abbey E. Wilson, D. Sparks, Katrina K. Knott, S. Willard, Ashli Brown, T. Connor, Zejun Zhang","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00009.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-18-00009.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) use chemical cues to determine identity, gender, and sexual receptivity of conspecifics. We hypothesized that volatile chemical profiles of free-ranging giant pandas are detectable in air. Therefore, we aimed to identify volatile compounds produced by free-ranging giant pandas residing in the Wolong Nature Reserve (Sichuan, China) through field air analysis/solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (FAA/SPME/GCMS). From 28 June to 12 July 2017, 3 SPME fibers were secured to trees that appeared to have previous marking activity. Trail cameras confirmed that a single giant panda performed scent-marking behavior at one sampling location. The abundance of 7 compounds were elevated in samples collected from the tree visited by the giant panda compared with controls. Three of these compounds (Ethane, 1,1-dinitro-; Octane, 4-ethyl-; 2(1H)-Pyridinethione, 3-ethoxy-6-methyl-) were unique to the giant panda visit. Novel methods to detect giant pandas would benefit conservation efforts. We suggest our method also may be used to study chemical communication in other bear species.","PeriodicalId":49393,"journal":{"name":"Ursus","volume":"94 8 1","pages":"75 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91086243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

American black bear den-site selection and characteristics in an urban environment 城市环境下美国黑熊窝址的选择与特征

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-17-00004.2

Toryn L. J. Schafer, S. Breck, S. Baruch‐Mordo, D. Lewis, K. R. Wilson, J. Mao, Thomas L. Day

{"title":"American black bear den-site selection and characteristics in an urban environment","authors":"Toryn L. J. Schafer, S. Breck, S. Baruch‐Mordo, D. Lewis, K. R. Wilson, J. Mao, Thomas L. Day","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-17-00004.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-17-00004.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Selection of den sites is a crucial aspect of American black bear (Ursus americanus) life history. High-quality dens provide thermal insulation, protection from disturbance, suitable environment for parturition and cub development, and proximity to available forage upon emergence. Black bears are increasingly coexisting with people in human-dominated landscapes; however, little is known about whether urban environments influence characteristics of dens and den site selection. Our objective was to determine the effect of housing density (a proxy for human activity and availability of anthropogenic resources) on selection of den sites in years of good and poor natural forage. We additionally compared size, shape, and location of dens of males and females to describe den characteristics and explore whether differences existed between males and females. We revisited 34 den locations detected during a 6-year (2005–2010) urban black bear study in Aspen, Colorado, USA, and measured den entrance and den volume. We fit a conditional logistic regression model using a resource selection function framework to determine the importance of housing density and other landscape variables (elevation, slope, aspect, and vegetation type) associated with den site selection. Slope was the best predictor of den site selection and there was no relationship between den selection and housing density, indicating that black bears were neither avoiding nor seeking urban areas for denning. Dens were smaller for females ( = 3.30 m3, SE = 1.94, n = 22) than for males ( = 7.56 m3, SE = 3.31, n = 8), supporting the idea that females have greater constraints in den characteristics, possibly related to cub development and security from predation or because females generally are smaller than males.","PeriodicalId":49393,"journal":{"name":"Ursus","volume":"202 1","pages":"25 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83055650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Water availability limits brown bear distribution at the southern edge of its global range 水的供应限制了棕熊在其全球活动范围的南部边缘的分布

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-16-00017.1

Mehdi Ansari H., A. Ghoddousi

{"title":"Water availability limits brown bear distribution at the southern edge of its global range","authors":"Mehdi Ansari H., A. Ghoddousi","doi":"10.2192/URSUS-D-16-00017.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS-D-16-00017.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Large carnivores are among the most threatened species in the world because of their natural low densities and need for expansive habitats. The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the largest carnivore in the southwestern Asia, and faces threats in much of its range from conflict with humans over shared resources and shrinkage of habitat. In this study, we surveyed for brown bear sign and scat during spring–autumn from April 2013 to November 2015 in 24 randomly selected, 25-km2 grid cells, and developed a model of potential brown bear occurrence in one of its globally southernmost distribution ranges in Iran. To better understand its conservation needs and management priorities at the landscape scale, we used a combination of field surveys to develop a Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model. The model was developed using 10 environmental and anthropogenic predictors. Potential brown bear occurrence was strongly influenced by availability of water resources (54.1%) as the most important variable; and distance to roads (16.1%), aspect (7.6%), and vegetation types (5.9%) were the other important factors. The model showed an area of 581 km2 (35%) within the study area has high to good bear-occurrence probability values; 86% of this area is located in 2 patches, each larger than the average bear home range. Identification of these patches may support establishment of a reserve in the area, which would ensure long-term survival of the brown bear and sustainable water use and resource extraction from Pistacia atlantica forests by resident and nomadic communities in the region.","PeriodicalId":49393,"journal":{"name":"Ursus","volume":"29 1","pages":"13 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89758663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Rapid species identification of sloth bears from non-invasive samples: a PCR-based assay 从非侵入性样本中快速鉴定树懒熊的物种:基于pcr的分析

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-17-00024.2

P. Thatte, Kaushalkumar Patel, U. Ramakrishnan

引用次数: 4

Rub-tree selection by Andean bears in the Peruvian dry forest 安第斯熊在秘鲁干燥森林中选择橡胶树

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-17-00012.1

J. Kleiner, R. V. Van Horn, J. Swenson, S. Steyaert

引用次数: 7

Influence of attitudes toward wildlife on preferences for management of American black bears 对野生动物的态度对美国黑熊管理偏好的影响

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2192/URSU-D-17-00016.2

Hungling Liu, R. Sharp

{"title":"Influence of attitudes toward wildlife on preferences for management of American black bears","authors":"Hungling Liu, R. Sharp","doi":"10.2192/URSU-D-17-00016.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2192/URSU-D-17-00016.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Applying an integrative approach incorporating attitudes toward wildlife in general and toward a specific species (American black bear [Ursus americanus]) can help land managers make decisions about the complex issue of human–bear interactions. The purpose of our study was to (1) assess park visitors’ attitudes toward wildlife, black bears, and possible management actions related to black bears in a park setting; (2) identify the impact of general attitudes toward wildlife and specific attitudes toward black bear on park visitors’ support for various black bear management actions; and (3) to examine whether visitor demographics affect their support for management actions. From March through September 2013, 364 visitors to the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (a unit of the U.S. National Park Service located in the southeastern United States) completed a survey, resulting in a 72% response rate. Park visitors generally expressed a positive attitude toward wildlife education and enjoyment of seeing wildlife, while they were more polarized on the importance of wildlife management and their appreciation of wildlife through hunting. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that park visitors’ attitudes were better predictors of support for management than were their demographic characteristics. Park visitors who agreed that “people appreciate wildlife through hunting” and “bears are a threat to people” were likely to accept lethal management actions. Their attitudes toward hunting in general were the most significant predictors of acceptance of lethal management actions. Park visitors’ positive attitudes toward black bear conservation and acceptance of the current number of black bears in the park were predictors of their acceptance of non-lethal management actions. The number of human–bear interactions in the park currently is small; and this proactive study expands possible management options with the intent of preventing and minimizing human–bear conflicts in a protected area where people recreate and wildlife coexists.","PeriodicalId":49393,"journal":{"name":"Ursus","volume":"33 1","pages":"32 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75199277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Grizzly bear consumption of midges in Yellowstone National Park 黄石国家公园的灰熊吃蠓

IF 1.3 4区生物学

Ursus Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.2192/URSUS-D-17-00029.1

K. Gunther, Amanda M. Bramblett, R. J. Weselmann

引用次数: 1

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