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Equine Endocrine Diseases. 马内分泌疾病。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.09.001
Katarzyna A Dembek
{"title":"Equine Endocrine Diseases.","authors":"Katarzyna A Dembek","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disorders of Calcium in Horses and Foals. 马和马驹的钙紊乱。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.004
Ramiro E Toribio
{"title":"Disorders of Calcium in Horses and Foals.","authors":"Ramiro E Toribio","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disorders of calcium homeostasis are frequent in equids with acute and chronic disorders. These animals may have abnormal phosphorus concentrations. Prompt identification and treatment are central for a positive outcome. A basic understanding of calcium regulation facilitates the diagnosis and treatment of calcium dysregulation. In horses, hypocalcemia is more often associated with acute conditions linked to systemic inflammation (eg, sepsis, gastrointestinal diseases), although hypocalcemia is also a feature of hypoparathyroidism and acute kidney injury. Magnesium supplementation should be considered in animals with refractory hypocalcemia. Most hypocalcemic disorders have a guarded to good prognosis. Hypercalcemia is usually associated with chronic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disorders of Phosphorus in Critical Illness. 危急疾病中磷的失调。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.010
Chiara Morelli, Amanda Samuels
{"title":"Disorders of Phosphorus in Critical Illness.","authors":"Chiara Morelli, Amanda Samuels","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disorders of phosphorus are common in critically ill horses, often occurring secondary to conditions such as endotoxemia, renal failure, or malnutrition. Phosphate imbalances can impair skeletal and cardiac muscle function, erythrocyte integrity, and bone metabolism, thereby complicating recovery. Diagnosis relies on routine biochemical testing. Treatment depends on severity: mild hypophosphatemia may be managed with oral supplementation, whereas severe cases require slow intravenous replacement with calcium monitoring. Hyperphosphatemia is addressed by promoting excretion and limiting absorption. Correction of the underlying disease and concurrent electrolyte abnormalities is essential. Although well documented in other species, equine-specific data remain limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Donkeys. 驴的内分泌和代谢疾病。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.009
Francisco J Mendoza, Ramiro E Toribio, Alejandro Perez-Ecija
{"title":"Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases in Donkeys.","authors":"Francisco J Mendoza, Ramiro E Toribio, Alejandro Perez-Ecija","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Donkeys have a plethora of species-specific metabolic traits that make them predisposed to endocrinopathies and metabolic disturbances. Due to their ability to digest poor-quality feedstuff and accumulate adipose tissue, donkeys are prone to obesity. Insulin dysregulation/metabolic syndrome, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and endocrinopathic laminitis are also prevalent in donkeys. Their efficiency to mobilize fat in situations of increased energy demands increases the predisposition to dyslipidemias. There are major endocrine differences between horses and donkeys, with different protocols to diagnose endocrine and metabolic diseases. Thus, a donkey-specific approach is crucial to avoid misdiagnosis, inadequate treatments, additional costs, or complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thyroid Diseases. 甲状腺疾病。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.013
François-René Bertin
{"title":"Thyroid Diseases.","authors":"François-René Bertin","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid hormones in horses fluctuate with factors like time of day, diet, activity, or medications. True hypothyroidism is rare in adults, and other causes for the observed clinical signs, such as equine metabolic syndrome, should be considered. Hyperthyroidism can occur in older horses and is sometimes associated with clinical signs requiring surgical treatment. In neonatal foals, distinct forms of hypothyroidism are associated with dysmaturity and can be life-threatening. While thyroid supplementation can help in managing equine metabolic syndrome, inappropriate use can impair athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Season on Endocrine Testing in Equids. 季节对马科动物内分泌检测的影响。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.006
Ana Lopes, Andy E Durham
{"title":"The Influence of Season on Endocrine Testing in Equids.","authors":"Ana Lopes, Andy E Durham","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine function in equids is strongly influenced by season, with photoperiod as the primary driver and additional modulation by factors such as breed, geography, age, and nutrition. These seasonal effects have important implications for the interpretation of endocrine diagnostic tests. Circannual rhythms influence pituitary activity, resulting in predictable seasonal variation in adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations and forming the basis for seasonally adjusted diagnostic thresholds for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Seasonal effects on insulin dynamics are less understood but increasingly support a winter-associated increase in serum concentrations. Recognizing seasonal patterns improves the interpretation of endocrine test results and supports accurate clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148992248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Dysregulation. 马代谢综合征和胰岛素失调。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.001
Erin Pinnell
{"title":"Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Dysregulation.","authors":"Erin Pinnell","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is defined as a collection of metabolic and clinical features that contribute to the development of hyperinsulinemia-associated laminitis (HAL). Insulin dysregulation (ID) is the hallmark feature of EMS and a risk factor for development of HAL. There are several diagnostic tests that can be used to diagnose various forms of ID in horses and ponies. Treatment of EMS/ID includes providing an appropriate diet, exercise program, and pharmacologic intervention in some severe cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Critically Ill Foals and Horses. 危重马驹和马的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能障碍。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.003
Katarzyna Dembek
{"title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Critically Ill Foals and Horses.","authors":"Katarzyna Dembek","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency is a transient dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to inadequate cortisol responses during severe stress from endotoxemia and sepsis in horses and foals. This condition is associated with poor outcomes, and its diagnosis is complicated by interindividual variability in cortisol response. Recent advances in dynamic testing and point-of-care hormone tests offer promise for better assessment and treatment, enabling more precise steroid replacement therapy in affected equine patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endocrine Disorders and Their Effect on Equine Reproduction. 内分泌失调及其对马生殖的影响。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.008
Theresa M Beachler
{"title":"Endocrine Disorders and Their Effect on Equine Reproduction.","authors":"Theresa M Beachler","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuing the reproductive potential of aged horses is a request many equine practitioners may receive. Reproductive performance may be impacted by a host of age-related comorbidities such as the endocrinopathies, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and equine metabolic syndrome. While limited information is known, reproductive effects described may include irregular estrous cycles, development of anovulatory follicles, increased incidence of uterine infection, or generalized infertility. Accurate diagnosis, management strategies, and monitoring remain critical for improving quality of life and potentially continued reproductive success.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction. 垂体部中间功能障碍。
IF 1.4 3区 农林科学
Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice Pub Date : 2026-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.012
Sarah A Vaughn, Kelsey A Hart
{"title":"Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction.","authors":"Sarah A Vaughn, Kelsey A Hart","doi":"10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2026.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is one of the most common equine endocrine disorders. It is caused by oxidative damage to dopaminergic neurons in the hypothalamus and results in loss of inhibition of the pituitary pars intermedia. This leads to increased circulating concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and related peptides. Diagnosis is based on increased resting and/or thyrotropin releasing hormone-stimulated ACTH concentrations. Assessment of insulin regulation is also important, as insulin dysregulation occurs in at least one-third of PPID cases and is associated with laminitis risk. Management requires treatment with the dopamine agonist pergolide and an appropriate diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":49382,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Clinics of North America-Equine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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