Vitis最新文献

{"title":"A 'Regent' pedigree update: ancestors, offspring and their confirmed resistance loci","authors":"Franco Röckel, O. Trapp, E. Zyprian, L. Hausmann, D. Migliaro, S. Vezzulli, R. Töpfer, E. Maul","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.189-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.189-193","url":null,"abstract":"'Regent' is the fungal resistant grapevine cultivar with the highest acreage in Germany and an important resistance donor in international breeding programs. It carries the resistance loci Rpv3.1 as well as Ren3 and Ren9 against downy and powdery mildew, respectively. As the parents of 'Chambourcin', the resistant paternal ancestor of 'Regent', did not coincide with the breeder's information, the germplasm repository of JKI Geilweilerhof was screened to find the missing ancestors. SSR marker analysis revealed that 'Joannes Seyve 11369' and 'Plantet' are the true parents of 'Chambourcin' and not 'Seyve Villard 12-417' and 'Chancellor'. Furthermore, the origin of the resistance loci Ren3 and Ren9 could be traced back to the genotypes 'Seibel 4614' and 'Munson'. Since the breeder Hermann Jaeger mentioned 'Munson' as a direct descendant of Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. linsecomii (Buckley) L. H. Bailey and Vitis rupestris Scheele, one of these wild species might have been the donor of the loci.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution 3D phenotyping of the grapevine root system using X-ray Computed Tomography","authors":"R. Schmitz, B. Atkinson, C. Sturrock, L. Hausmann, R. Töpfer, Katja Herzog","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.21-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2021.60.21-27","url":null,"abstract":"Plant roots are essential for water and nutrient uptake and contribute to the plants' response to environmental stress factors. As the hidden half of a plant, investigation of root systems is highly challenging, most of available methods are destructive and very labour-intensive. In this proof-of-concept study, a non-invasive X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray µCT) method was applied to investigate the phenotypic variation of the complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture of grapevine roots as a function of genotype and soil. Woody cuttings of 'Calardis Musque', 'Villard Blanc' and V3125 ('Schiava Grossa' x 'Riesling') were cultivated in polypropylene columns filled with two different soil types, clay loam and sandy loam, for 6 weeks. Afterwards, the columns were scanned once using the technique of X-ray µCT. The received raw data were analysed for the reconstruction of 3D root system models (3D model), which display a non-destructive visualization of whole, intact root systems with a spatial resolution of 42 µm. The 3D models of all investigated plants (in total 18) were applied to quantify root system characteristics precisely by measuring adventitious root length, lateral root length, total root length, root system surface area, root system volume and root growth angles from the woody cutting relative to a horizontal axis. The results showed that: (i) early root formation and root growth differed between genotypes, especially between 'Calardis Musque' and 'Villard Blanc'; and (ii) the soil type does influence adventitious root formation of V3125, but had minor effects on 'Calardis Musque' and 'Villard Blanc'. In conclusion, this innovative, high-resolution method of X-ray µCT is suitable for high resolution phenotyping of root formation, architecture, and rooting characteristics of grapevine woody cuttings in a non-destructive manner, e.g. to investigate root response to drought stress and would provide new insights into phylloxera root infection.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guiding principles for identification, evaluation and conservation of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris","authors":"G. Zdunić, E. Maul, J. E. Dias, G. M. Organero, F. Carka, E. Maletić, S. Savvides, G. Jahnke, Z. Nagy, D. Nikolic, D. Ivanišević, K. Beleski, V. Maras, Milena Mugosa, V. Kodžulović, T. Radić, K. Hančević, A. Mucalo, Katarina Lukšić, L. Butorac, L. Maggioni, A. Schneider, T. Schreiber, T. Lacombe","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2017.56.127-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2017.56.127-131","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of grapevine genetic resources is an important and long lasting task. Here, partners of the InWiGrape Activity of the European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources have proposed a set of descriptors that will assist in identification, conservation and study of genetic resources of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris. A distribution map of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris populations in Europe was produced, with on-line access through the European Vitis Database. The several different aspects of conservation of Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris including bibliographical references, identification in the wild, in situ and ex situ conservation have been discussed. The descriptors and the map will assist different stakeholders, working on biodiversity and ecosystems in more effective conservation of wild grapevine genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2017-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41834966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European \"Vitis\" Database (www.eu-vitis.de)- a technical innovation through an online uploading and interactive modification system","authors":"E. Maul, K. Sudharma, S. Kecke, G. Marx, C. Müller, L. Audeguin, M. Boselli, J. Boursiquot, B. Bucchetti, F. Cabello, R. Carraro, M. Crespan, M. T. Andrés, J. E. Dias, Jana Ekhvaia, L. Gaforio, M. Gardiman, S. Grando, D. Argyropoulos, O. Jandurová, E. Kiss, J. K. Kontić, P. Kozma, T. Lacombe, V. Laucou, D. Legrand, D. Maghradze, D. Marinoni, E. Maletić, F. Moreira, G. Muñoz-Organero, G. Nakhutsrishvili, I. Pejić, E. Peterlunger, D. Pitsoli, D. Pespisilova, D. Preiner, S. Raimondi, F. Regner, G. Savin, S. Savvides, A. Schneider, C. Sereno, S. Šimon, M. Staraz, L. Zulini, R. Bacilieri, P. This","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2012.51.79-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2012.51.79-85","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the European Vitis Database is to safeguard and enhance germplasm by monitoring its preservation. Two issues are strongly related to that purpose: (1) participation of collections covering almost all grape biodiversity and (2) assessment of accessions trueness to type. In the scope of the European project GrapeGen06 efforts have been made towards both objectives. The 35 participating grape germplasm repositories are found between the Iberian Peninsula and Transcaucasia, thus covering a broad range of grape diversity. Altogether they maintain 32,410 accessions. However with respect to biodiversity, gaps are still evident and further collections need to be included and trueness to type assessment absolutely needs to be pursued to organize duplication of endangered genotypes. Within the GrapeGen06 project focus was laid on the establishment of a database conferring the collection holders a high degree of responsibility and independence. Hence for the first time in a European Central Crop Database an on-line uploading application and an interactive modification system for data administration was implemented. These innovations disburden the database manager and offer the curators of collections more flexibility. Prerequisites for data import, descriptors applied, access levels, database contents, uploading, export and search functions are described.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthesis, pollination and fruitset in Pinot Noir","authors":"J. Heazlewood, S. Wilson","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.2004.43.65-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.2004.43.65-68","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of pollination and resulting fruitset in Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir were investigated in a cool climate wine area of Southern Tasmania (Australia). Changes in the appearance of the stigmatic surface and pollen grains were recorded using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Flowers with the calyptra intact (before capfall), showed an apparently turgid stigmatic surface and pollen grains present on the surface were slender and elongated (L/D 35 μm/15 μm). Stigmas had a more flaccid appearance after capfall and pollen grains were more spherical and less elongated in shape (L/D 28 μm/20 μm). Pollen was visible on the stigma surface before capfall, indicating that anthesis occurred whilst the calyptra was in place. Pollen viability tests showed that the pollen was already viable at this stage, and it remained viable until after the flower had been open for several days. Fluorescence micrographs showed no evidence of pollen tube growth until after capfall. Flowers covered by waxed paper bags to eliminate external pollen and thus allow only self-pollination, gave a percentage fruitset equal to that of flowers where external pollen was not excluded. Results indicate that Pinot Noir can be self-pollinated, and that while anthesis commences prior to capfall, fertilisation does not proceed until after capfall.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2004-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield, fruit quality, bud fertility and starch reserves of the wood as a function of leaf removal in Vitis vinifera - evidence of compensation and stress recovering.","authors":"M. C. Candolfi-Vasconcelos, W. Koblet","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.1990.29.199-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.1990.29.199-221","url":null,"abstract":"Einflus unterschiedlicher Entblatterung auf Ertrag, Traubenqualitat, Knospenfruchtbarkeit und Starkegehalt des Holzes von Vitis vinifera sowie Kompensations- und Erholungsvermogen An Ertragsreben wurde der Einflus des Entfernens von Hauptblattern oder Geiztrieben auf Gesamtblattflache, Traubenertrag und -qualitat sowie Starkegehalt des Holzes studiert. Die Bedeutung von Haupt- und Geizblattern sowie des Zeitpunktes der Entblatterung auf dss Verrieseln wurde untersucht. Ziel der Studie war, Kompensationsmechanismen und -limiten der Rebe unter Stresbedingungen kennenzulernen, wie sie durch eine Entblatterung verursacht werden. Ferner sollte die Erholung der Pflanze nach langerer Streseinwirkung erforscht werden. Wurden die Hauptblatter entfernt (L = nur Geizblatter}, so bildeten die Pflanzen mehr Geiztriebe mit einer groseren Anzahl Blatter. Dies fuhrte nach dem ersten Stresjahr zu einer ungefahr gleichen Gesamtblattflache wie bei den Kontrollpflanzen. Nach einem weiteren Stresjahr jedoch hatten die L-Pflanzen zwar weiterhin mehr Geizblatter, allerdings von geringerer Grose. Hieraus resultierte eine im Vergleich zur Kontrolle verringerte Gesamtblattflache. Pflanzen nur mit Hauptblattern (M) kompensierten das Fehlen der Geiztriebe mit verzogerter Blattalterung und spaterem Blattfall. Auch hier ergab sich nach dem zweiten Stresjahr eine geringere Blattgrose. Der Traubenertrag der L-Pflanzen wurde im 1. Jahr durch die Blattentfernung kaum negativ beeinflust, aber im 2. Jahr war er 50 % niedriger als in der Kontrolle. Bei den M-Pflanzen ergab sich in beiden Jahren kein verringerter Ertrag. Der Zuckergehalt der Trauben war in den L-Pflanzen im 1. Stresjahr leicht erhoht, nicht aber im 2. Jahr. Diese Reben hatten wahrend beider Jahre eine bessere Beerenfarbe. Die Blattflache vom Zeitpunkt der Blute bis 2-3 Wochen danach ist fur den Traubenertrag entscheidend. Eine Entblatterung zu diesem Zeitpunkt verursachte nicht nur ein Verrieseln, sondern im folgenden Jahr zusatzlich eine reduzierte Knospenfruchtbarkeit. Die Zuckereinlagerung in den Trauben hangt von der assimilierenden Blattflache wahrend der Reifeperiode ab. Der Starkegehalt im Holz war nach 2 Stresjahren erheblich reduziert. Es ergaben sich schwach positive Korrelationen zwischen Zuckergehalt des Mostes und Starkegehalt des Holzes. Die Zuckereinlagerung in die Traube und das Auffullen der Starkereserven im Holz ging bereits in der auf eine Stresbehandlung folgenden Saison normal vonstatten. Ein normaler Ertrag war l Jahr nach einem langeren Entblatterungsstres jedoch noch nicht moglich, da die Bildung der Infloreszenzen bekanntlich wahrend dieser Zeit (in unserem Fall die Stresperiode) einsetzt. Erst im 2. Jahr kam es zu einer vollstandigen Erholung der Pflanze.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible integrated control of grape-vine sour-rot","authors":"M. Bisiach, G. Minervini, F. Zerbetto","doi":"10.1201/9781003211426-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003211426-35","url":null,"abstract":"Etiopathogenie de ce type de maladie. Les principaux agents pathogenes sont des levures, Kloeckera apiculata, Saccharomycopsis vini, Hanseniaspora uvarum et autres dont les vecteurs sont des insectes comme Drosophila. On propose l'utilisation de filets en plastique ou en tissu pour eviter l'infestation par les insectes et l'utilisation de clones dont les fruits ont une peau epaisse","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65954792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus diseases of the grapevine in a Sicilian herbarium of the past century","authors":"G. Martelli, G. Piro","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.1974.13.329-335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.1974.13.329-335","url":null,"abstract":"Dried grapevine specimens, collected in Sicily between 1880 and 1886, and showing different morphological and chromatic modifications, were found in a herbarium established in 1830 by Dr. FRANCESCO MINA PALUMBO, a physician of Castelbuono (Palermo). On the basis of symptoms still visible on the specimens and of the herbarium's original explanatory notes, the diseased material was identified as being affected by fanleaf, yellow mosaic and leafroll. Rebvirosen in einem sizilianischen Herbarium aus dem letzten Jahrhundert Getrocknete Exemplare von Reben, die zwischen 1880 und 1886 in Sizilien fur ein von Dr. FRANCESCO MINA PALUMBO, einem Arzt aus Castelbuono (Palermo), begrundetes Herbarium gesammelt worden waren, zeigten verschiedene morphologische und farbliche Modifikationen. Die noch sichtbaren Symptome an den Herbarexemplaren erlauben zusammen mit den erlauternden Originalnotizen eine Diagnose auf Befall durch Reisigkrankheit, Gelbmosaik und Blattrollkrankheit.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70858985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovule development in seeded and seedless grapes","authors":"B. Barritt","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.1970.9.7-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.1970.9.7-14","url":null,"abstract":"Female gametophyte and early embryo and endosperm development were examined in 3 seedless grape varieties, Himrod, Interlaken Seedless and N. Y. 15302, and in their seeded parent Ontario. A high proportion of functional embryo sacs was found at full bloom in all varieties. Fertilization occurred in all varieties. Precocious initiation of endosperm was observed with Himrod and extremely rapid development of endosperm was found with N. Y. 15302. Early degeneration of zygotes, failure of the zygotes to divide, and endosperm degeneration were observed in the seedless varieties with smallest seed remnants, Himrod and Interlaken Seedless. Imperfect development of the zygote and endosperm resulted in seed abortion (stenospermy) and seedless fruit (stenospermocarpy) in Himrod and Interlaken Seedless varieties.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of leaf area and crop level on the concentration of amino acids and total nitrogen in 'Thompson Seedless' grapes","authors":"W. Kliewer, C. Ough","doi":"10.5073/VITIS.1970.9.196-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/VITIS.1970.9.196-206","url":null,"abstract":"20 to 50% of the leaves and 25 to 75% of the clusters on 'Thompson Seedless' vines were removed 12 to 16 days after anthesis. In addition, 25 and 50% of the   leaves on other vines were removed 35 and 58 days after anthesis, with no cluster thinning. Total soluble solids in fruits from vines with less than 5 cm 2 of leaf surface per gram of fruits was markedly reduced, while concentration in fruits from vines with a ratio above 10 was considerably higher, compared to the concentration in fruits from vines with ratios intermediate between these two values. The concentrations of arginine, proline, total free amino acids, and total N in berry juice were greatly increased by reducing the crop load. Also, the concentration of each of these substances increased during fruit ripening. A significant correlation between leaf area per vine and level of arginine in the juice was obtained. The concentration of proline in the juice was highly correlated with fruit maturity (°B) and with leaf area per unit weight of fruits. Total nitrogen was also correlated with leaf area per unit weight of fruits. Between 4 and 12 cm 2 leaf area per gram of fruits there was a linear increase in the concentration of proline and total nitrogen in berry juice, while above 12 cm 2 there was generally little further increase in the level of these substances. The ratio of arginine to proline decreased with fruit maturity and with smaller crop weights per vine. Total free amino acids accounted for 64 to 75% of the total nitrogen in the juice of grapes during the fruit-ripening period. Defoliation within 16 days after anthesis reduced crop yields, while later defoliations did not significantly reduce yields.","PeriodicalId":49374,"journal":{"name":"Vitis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"1970-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70859141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}