Wilderness & Environmental Medicine最新文献_第4页

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Techniques on the Dragon Spacecraft: A Polaris Dawn Mission Study. 龙飞船上的心肺复苏技术：北极星黎明任务研究。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251346746

Anna Menon, David Mampre, Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, Jaime Mateus, Marissa Rosenberg

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Techniques on the Dragon Spacecraft: A Polaris Dawn Mission Study.","authors":"Anna Menon, David Mampre, Jared Isaacman, Scott Poteet, Sarah Gillis, Jaime Mateus, Marissa Rosenberg","doi":"10.1177/10806032251346746","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251346746","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction-Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in microgravity is challenging due to reciprocal motion between the patient and operator, requiring unique methods of stabilization for chest compressions. In this study, the Polaris Dawn mission crew evaluated optimal methods of CPR administration in the Dragon spacecraft during spaceflight as well as the impact of CPR tasks to the vehicle.Methods-CPR was simulated by compressing a CPR Adult Manikin Bellows Piston with Clicker against different surfaces of the vehicle. Crew members performed compressions at 3 different locations to select the optimal worksite. All 4 crew members then performed a 2-min round of compressions at the optimal worksite. Workload was measured using the Bedford workload and Borg rating of perceived exertion scales, where lower scores are desirable for both scales. Vehicle impacts were monitored with navigation and carbon dioxide sensors.Results-The outboard seat was selected as the optimal worksite. When performing a full 2 min of chest compressions at this location, average Bedford workload and Borg rating of perceived exertion scores among all 4 crew members were 4.75 and 16, respectively. All 4 crew members achieved the target-frequency range (mean, 1.8 Hz; range 1.7-1.9 Hz). Vehicle accelerations were observed in all axes, and cabin carbon dioxide increased to a peak level of >3.6 mm Hg, triggering a carbon dioxide caution limit.Conclusions-Outboard seat location provided the best ergonomics for administration of CPR on the Dragon spacecraft, although task performance had high difficulty ratings. CPR also was associated with elevated cabin carbon dioxide and vehicle accelerations, as measured by the navigation system.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"53S-60S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Tourists at Low Versus High Altitude: Colorado High Altitude Monitoring Pressure Study. 低海拔与高海拔游客动态血压：科罗拉多州高原监测血压研究。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251325563

Greta Kreider Carlson, Elan Small, Andrew C Burns, Ilaria Ferrari, Tiana Linkus, Linda E Keyes

{"title":"Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Tourists at Low Versus High Altitude: Colorado High Altitude Monitoring Pressure Study.","authors":"Greta Kreider Carlson, Elan Small, Andrew C Burns, Ilaria Ferrari, Tiana Linkus, Linda E Keyes","doi":"10.1177/10806032251325563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251325563","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionLimited evidence exists to guide travelers about blood pressure (BP) changes at high altitude (HA). Our primary objective compared 24-h ambulatory BP at low altitude (LA) vs HA in a cohort of tourists. Exploratory analyses compared results by sex and history of underlying hypertension.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study measured ambulatory BP with Welch-Allyn ABPM 6100 monitors at LA (<1000 m) and HA (median 2751 m). Measurements included heart rate/BP every 30 min while awake and hourly overnight, BP≥180/100 mm Hg, sleep quality, and Lake Louise score (acute mountain sickness).ResultsAmong 33 participants (median age 61 y, 17 with hypertension, 12 on BP medication), 25 completed LA and HA measurements. Average 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased at HA by 6 mm Hg (95% CI, 2-10 mm Hg; P=0.04). When analyzed by the presence of preexisting hypertension, 24-h MAP was similar between LA and HA in those with underlying hypertension (mean difference, 4 mm Hg; 95% CI, -4 to 11 mm Hg; P=0.3) but rose at HA in those without (mean difference, 9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 5-14 mm Hg; P=0.001). At HA, 24-h MAP was similar in both groups (mean difference, 9 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0-19 mm Hg; P=0.05). Results did not differ by sex. Severe-range BP was common in all groups and asymptomatic.ConclusionsAmong this tourist cohort, we observed an increase in average 24-h MAP at HA. Altitude-related changes in BP varied greatly between individuals. This variation was related in part to underlying hypertension but not sex. Our data suggest that BP changes are not of clinical concern in HA travelers.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"301-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medical Toxicology Considerations for Space Exploration. 空间探索的医学毒理学考虑。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251313960

Sarah Shafer, David Schaffer, Grant Anderson, Erik Antonsen

{"title":"Medical Toxicology Considerations for Space Exploration.","authors":"Sarah Shafer, David Schaffer, Grant Anderson, Erik Antonsen","doi":"10.1177/10806032251313960","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251313960","url":null,"abstract":"Spaceflight poses many risks to human health. Toxic exposures from inadvertent release of vehicle or payload chemicals and materials used in the operations of spaceflight are unique among them. There is a need for identification and development of clinical protocols for the management of toxic exposures before, during, and after spaceflight, particularly for acute exposures, because these events are likely to occur in austere environments with limited resources. The need for publicly available protocols is gaining importance as commercial spaceflight operations advance, and future spaceflight missions will require independence from Earth. This paper reviews the publicly available literature on toxic exposures in spaceflight to inform the development of relevant clinical practice guidelines. We performed a focused literature review and identified significant aerospace toxicologic incidents, including fatalities, injuries, and near-miss events. Sources included NASA-published literature, NASA safety reviews, published case reports, and published review articles. Searches were performed using the NASA Technical Reports Server, Google Scholar, and PubMed, and we included all cases involving exposure or potential exposure to an agent that could cause acute toxicity in spaceflight missions. Thirty-four cases were identified involving agents that can cause acute toxic effects. The two most common agents identified in acute toxicologic exposures in spaceflight operations were hydrazine and ammonia. These incidents can help us identify high-risk exposures so that we can develop protocols for the detection and management of future toxic exposures.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"138S-147S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Improvised Reduction Method for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in a Waterborne Environment. 水上环境下肩前脱位的简易复位方法。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251323501

Matthew J Christensen, Thomas Renner, William Bianchi, Andrew J Medenbach, Eric S Pittman

{"title":"An Improvised Reduction Method for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation in a Waterborne Environment.","authors":"Matthew J Christensen, Thomas Renner, William Bianchi, Andrew J Medenbach, Eric S Pittman","doi":"10.1177/10806032251323501","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251323501","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior glenohumeral joint (shoulder) dislocations are common orthopedic injuries that require timely recognition and effective reduction to prevent long-term complications. Traditional reduction techniques are typically performed on land where inherent mechanical advantage is present. This case study explores a novel in-water, prehospital technique used to reduce a shoulder dislocation during a high surf event in San Diego, California. The case involves a 36-year-old male who sustained an anterior shoulder dislocation while surfing. After initial reduction attempts using commonly described techniques were unsuccessful due to an inability to achieve adequate leverage while afloat, an improvised reduction technique was implemented, which successfully reduced the joint while floating on the ocean surface. The novel maneuver and subsequent clinical course are outlined in this case report. This technique has applications in neutral buoyancy or low-gravity environments in which the typical reduction maneuvers that require gravity or friction as leverage may not be feasible.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"373-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biopsychosocial Health Considerations for Astronauts in Long-Duration Spaceflight: A Narrative Review. 长期太空飞行中宇航员的生物心理社会健康考虑因素：叙述性评论。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241289106

Bradley N Barbour, Karolina Twardowska, Nicolò Favero, Payam Ghoddousi, Peter Hodkinson

{"title":"Biopsychosocial Health Considerations for Astronauts in Long-Duration Spaceflight: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Bradley N Barbour, Karolina Twardowska, Nicolò Favero, Payam Ghoddousi, Peter Hodkinson","doi":"10.1177/10806032241289106","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241289106","url":null,"abstract":"Long-duration spaceflights beyond low-Earth orbit, including missions to the Moon and Mars, pose significant health risks. Although biomedical approaches commonly appear in the literature, considering psychological and social factors alongside physiologic health offers a more holistic approach to astronaut care. Integrating the biopsychosocial (BPS) framework into medical planning addresses complex spaceflight challenges and aids in developing mitigation strategies. This review examined health risks associated with long-duration spaceflight within a BPS framework. Sources included governmental space agencies, academic textbooks, and relevant publications from multiple databases. Considering the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Human Research Program's 5 main hazards, a conceptual model was developed to highlight the multifactorial BPS effects of spaceflight. In space, astronauts face unique environments and biological adaptations, including fluid shift, plasma volume loss, bone density loss, and muscle atrophy. Noise and the absence of natural light disrupt circadian rhythms, causing sleep disturbances and fatigue, which affect physical and mental health. Studies on crews in isolated and confined extreme environments reveal psychosocial challenges, including impaired mood and cognition, interpersonal tension, and miscommunication. International collaboration in spaceflight introduces differences in communication, problem solving, and social customs due to diverse cultural backgrounds. Upcoming long-distance missions likely will amplify these challenges. This review emphasizes BPS health considerations in long-duration spaceflight. It highlights the interplay among psychological, social, and biological factors, advocating for multidisciplinary teams and a holistic approach to astronaut health and mission planning and the potential added value of BPS perspectives in considering countermeasures.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"123S-137S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Air Exposure Time Under Room-Temperature Conditions on the Performance of Chemical Heat Blankets Intended for Use in Prehospital Accidental Hypothermia. 室温条件下空气暴露时间对用于院前意外低温的化学热毯性能的影响。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251325562

Maren Helgø, Thea G Refsnes, Øyvind Thomassen, Sigurd Mydske

{"title":"Effect of Air Exposure Time Under Room-Temperature Conditions on the Performance of Chemical Heat Blankets Intended for Use in Prehospital Accidental Hypothermia.","authors":"Maren Helgø, Thea G Refsnes, Øyvind Thomassen, Sigurd Mydske","doi":"10.1177/10806032251325562","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251325562","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionAccidental hypothermia increases mortality in patients with traumatic injury, making hypothermia management essential in prehospital trauma care. Chemical heat blankets are commonly used for this purpose. These blankets require time to get warm, with agitation often used to accelerate the exothermic reaction. Many search and rescue teams use chemical heat blankets, but optimal activation of the blankets remains uncertain. This study investigated how varying oxygen exposure durations affect the thermal performance of these blankets to guide their optimal use in search and rescue scenarios.MethodsIn room-temperature conditions, a full-body manikin was wrapped in a standardized hypothermia model, including a chemical heat blanket, and evaluated under 3 conditions: 1) no shaking, 2) shaking for 2 min, and 3) shaking for 15 min before wrapping. Thermometers were placed inside the heating panel pockets and secured in place with tape to ensure consistent measurements. Temperature data were collected over 6 h, and each scenario was performed 4 times.ResultsBlankets shaken for 2 min achieved higher initial temperatures than those not shaken, with a significant difference sustained for 88 min. Shaking for 15 min resulted in higher initial temperatures than 2-min shaking, with no long-term difference. All scenarios converged to the same temperature (36°C) after 6 h.ConclusionShaking the blanket for 2 min significantly improved early heating performance, whereas longer shaking offered minimal benefit. These findings suggest that short preparation time may be adequate in optimizing thermal delivery and reducing the time to treatment for patients with prehospital accidental hypothermia.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional Differences in Systemic Toxicity Following Texas Coral Snake (Micrurus tener) Envenomations. 德克萨斯珊瑚蛇（Micrurus tener）中毒后全身毒性的区域差异。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251327124

Spencer Greene, Amber Anderson, Misty Wilcken, Dietrich Jehle, Shawn Varney

{"title":"Regional Differences in Systemic Toxicity Following Texas Coral Snake (Micrurus tener) Envenomations.","authors":"Spencer Greene, Amber Anderson, Misty Wilcken, Dietrich Jehle, Shawn Varney","doi":"10.1177/10806032251327124","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251327124","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe Texas coral snake, Micrurus tener, is one of three elapid species native to the continental United States. The purpose of the study was to describe the clinical features of their envenomation.MethodsWe reviewed all human coral snake bites reported to the Texas Poison Center Network between January 2000 and December 2023. We excluded informational calls and cases in which the snake responsible for the bite was not confirmed as M. tener. Finally, we excluded bite victims who did not seek medical attention and those for whom no clinical information was available. The data collected included patient demographics, the county in which the patient was treated, clinical features, and treatment.ResultsThere were 501 human bites. In 472 (94.2%) cases, symptoms were limited to pain and paresthesias. Systemic toxicity, for example, weakness, dysphagia, and ptosis, was observed in 18 (3.6%) patients. Eleven (2.2%) patients had no clinical findings. Antivenom was administered in 126 (25.1%) cases. Antivenom use decreased over time; in the 5-year period from 2000-2007, antivenom was administered to 74 (55.6%) patients. Conversely, only 8 (4.1%) of patients from 2016-2023 received antivenom. Systemic findings were observed in 13 (6.5%) cases in Northeast and Central Texas compared to 5 (1.6%) in Southeast and South Texas.ConclusionMicrurus tener envenomations were characterized primarily by pain and paresthesias. Additional systemic findings may be observed, particularly in Northeast and Central Texas. Antivenom was administered to a minority of Texas coral snake envenomation victims.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"328-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methodologic Opportunities for Space Health Research: Integrating Biological Anthropology Methods in Human Research for Precision Space Health and Medical Data. 空间健康研究的方法机会：将生物人类学方法整合到人类研究中，以获得精确的空间健康和医疗数据。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251349436

M S Sarma, A M Niclou, K J Hurd

{"title":"Methodologic Opportunities for Space Health Research: Integrating Biological Anthropology Methods in Human Research for Precision Space Health and Medical Data.","authors":"M S Sarma, A M Niclou, K J Hurd","doi":"10.1177/10806032251349436","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251349436","url":null,"abstract":"As the field of health and medicine in space develops alongside the spaceflight research paradigm, there are methodologic opportunities to integrate data collection for research with providing precision and personalized healthcare. Specifically, existing field methods in biological anthropology developed and practiced in austere settings can be translated to spaceflight research and the development of healthcare infrastructure with implications for space medical practice. In our era of expanding spaceflight, data-collection methodologies should be flexible, agile, and accessible, paralleling innovative strategies by biological anthropology field researchers assessing human health, behavior, and well-being in austere terrestrial settings. Here we offer an introduction to the methodologic approaches and theoretical frameworks from biological anthropology, including operational insights from investigators working in the field, highlighting flexible mixed methods, low-tech solutions, dialectic engagement with participants, and iterative research protocols. These tools, when performed together with standardized approaches, can be beneficial and augment the advancement of spaceflight health and medicine.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"104S-112S"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insulin Delivery Pumps for Human Spaceflight: Steps Toward an Accessible Space Future. 用于人类太空飞行的胰岛素输送泵：迈向可到达的太空未来的步骤。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241304439

Kyle J Horn, Jeffrey A Hoffman

引用次数: 0

Hemostatic Properties of Climbing Chalk: A Comparative Analysis. 登山白垩止血性能的比较分析。

IF 1.1 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1177/10806032251326025

Mark Raymond, Brooke Solberg

{"title":"Hemostatic Properties of Climbing Chalk: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Mark Raymond, Brooke Solberg","doi":"10.1177/10806032251326025","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032251326025","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionClimbing chalk is widely used by rock climbers and athletes to improve grip. It has been observed that climbers sometimes apply magnesium carbonate chalk to small wounds to stop bleeding, suggesting that climbing chalk may exhibit hemostatic properties useful for small cuts and scrapes. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of different types of climbing chalk on prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).MethodsThree types of climbing chalk were randomly selected for comparative analysis of hemostatic properties, with talcum powder used as a negative control. PT and aPTT testing were conducted on normal plasma samples containing varying concentrations of climbing chalk (from 0.125 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL). Statistical analyses of the results were performed using two-tailed t-tests, Welch's analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Games-Howell post-hoc analysis.ResultsResults indicated that climbing chalk had no significant effect on PT but did significantly reduce aPTT compared to the negative control. Additional analyses revealed significant differences in aPTT results between different types of chalk and between higher and lower concentrations of chalk.ConclusionsMagnesium carbonate-based climbing chalks appear to have a procoagulant effect on hemostasis, likely by affecting the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. While further research is needed to better understand its coagulative properties, climbing chalk shows potential as a hemostatic agent for minor wounds in wilderness medicine.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"316-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0