Wilderness & Environmental Medicine最新文献

A Comparison of Passive Rewarming Systems Following Cold Water Immersion. 冷水浸泡后被动回温系统的比较。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241270530

Phillip J Wallace, Matthew L Hodgkinson, Lucas Ramagnano, Ramneek Singh Janjuha, Mariska J Andrade, Stephen S Cheung

{"title":"A Comparison of Passive Rewarming Systems Following Cold Water Immersion.","authors":"Phillip J Wallace, Matthew L Hodgkinson, Lucas Ramagnano, Ramneek Singh Janjuha, Mariska J Andrade, Stephen S Cheung","doi":"10.1177/10806032241270530","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241270530","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: We studied field rewarming using a typical winter sleeping bag versus two heated hypothermia wrap systems in a semi-realistic lab simulation.Methods: 10 participants (8 M, 2 F) were cooled to 36.1°C core temperature through 10.5-11.5°C water immersion, then performed 60 min of passive rewarming in 0°C air. The rewarming methods tested were: 1) a -9°C rated mummy-style Sleeping Bag; 2) Doctor Down Rescue Wrap; and 3) Thermal Yielding Vascular Airway Capsule (TYVAC) system; the latter two methods included vapor barriers and two heating pads. Rectal and skin temperatures, along with metabolic heat production calculated via indirect calorimetry, were measured throughout rewarming.Results: One male participant was removed from analysis due to lack of sufficient cooling. Rectal temperature decreased in the remaining participants by ∼1.1-1.2°C to 36.1°C during the initial immersion phase. Over the 60 min of rewarming, rectal temperature changes were Δ0.0 ± 0.6°C in a sleeping bag, Δ+0.2 ± 0.3°C in Doctor Down, and Δ+0.2 ± 0.3°C in TYVAC, with no significant differences across methods. Mean skin temperatures, metabolic heat production, and perceptual measures were also similar across methods with no method×time interactions.Conclusions: After 60 min of passive rewarming in cold conditions, all three rewarming methods were able to stall continued core cooling to levels at or slightly above post-immersion temperatures. With no differences in any physiological measures, it appears that all three rewarming methods are equally viable options for wilderness responders, and the choice should come down to environmetal conditions, availability, convenience, and ergonomics rather than rewarming efficacy.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lung Ultrasound as an Adjunct to Pulse Oximetry and Respiratory Symptoms in the Diagnosis of Freediving-Induced Pulmonary Syndrome. 肺部超声辅助脉搏氧饱和度和呼吸道症状诊断自由潜水诱发肺综合征。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241281463

Elaine Yu, Fernando Silva, Anna Lussier, Peter Lindholm

{"title":"Lung Ultrasound as an Adjunct to Pulse Oximetry and Respiratory Symptoms in the Diagnosis of Freediving-Induced Pulmonary Syndrome.","authors":"Elaine Yu, Fernando Silva, Anna Lussier, Peter Lindholm","doi":"10.1177/10806032241281463","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241281463","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: B-lines on lung ultrasound have been found in asymptomatic competitive breath-hold divers, but their significance and time to resolution are not well understood. We sought to investigate the relationship between B-lines, oxygen saturation, and respiratory symptoms after competitive dives to diagnose pulmonary injury.Methods: We performed lung ultrasounds before (predive), immediately after (postdive), and within 1 h (follow-up) of a competitive dive. B-lines were counted in each intercostal space in the anterior, lateral, and posterior lung fields, and the highest number of B-lines within a space was recorded for each lung region. At follow-up, each diver's oxygen saturation and respiratory symptoms were recorded. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman's correlation, and sensitivity and specificity calculations.Results: Forty-four divers completed 143 individual dives of four different disciplines. The median number of B-lines was 0 (IQR inclusive=0) predive, 1 (IQR=3) postdive, and 0 (IQR=1) at follow-up. There was a significant difference in total B-lines between measurement times (p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of hypoxemia, clinically significant B-lines, and both measures in tandem in detecting respiratory symptomatology were 52% and 76%, 24% and 92%, and 24% and 95%, respectively.Conclusions: B-lines are a common phenomenon in competitive breath-hold divers on surfacing and decrease within 1 h, suggesting a physiologic fluid shift. B-lines are negatively correlated with oxygen saturation, indicating that extravascular fluid impairs gas exchange in the lung. Neither hypoxemia nor clinically significant B-lines were found to be reliable indicators for respiratory symptomatology, suggesting that there may be multiple phenotypes of freediving-induced pulmonary syndrome.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In response to regional anesthesia in the austere environment: Lessons learned from current out-of-hospital practice. 应对严峻环境下的区域麻醉：从当前院外实践中汲取的经验教训。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241249450

Amiya Kumar Barik, Chitta Ranjan Mohanty, Anju Gupta, Rakesh Vadakkethil Radhakrishnan, Samata Chororia

引用次数: 0

Effects of Acute Hypocapnia on Postural Standing Balance Measured by Sharpened Romberg Testing (SRT) in Healthy Subjects. 急性低碳酸血症对通过锐化朗伯格测试（SRT）测量的健康受试者站立姿势平衡的影响。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241282320

Ryan Dunn, Jan Stepanek, Richard Eboka, Gaurav N Pradhan

{"title":"Effects of Acute Hypocapnia on Postural Standing Balance Measured by Sharpened Romberg Testing (SRT) in Healthy Subjects.","authors":"Ryan Dunn, Jan Stepanek, Richard Eboka, Gaurav N Pradhan","doi":"10.1177/10806032241282320","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241282320","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The sharpened Romberg test (SRT) is a physical maneuver that has been used to identify ataxia in individuals in resource-limited settings. Previous research has suggested that performance on balance testing may be affected by hypocapnia. In this study, we sought to determine whether acute hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia affects performance on the SRT at 501 meters above sea level.Methods: We recruited 22 healthy subjects. Each subject performed a baseline SRT. Subjects were then asked to hyperventilate to the point of hypocapnia, confirmed by measurement with a capnometer. Subjects were then asked to re-perform SRT. The primary endpoint was time to loss of balance, measured as time-to-stepout.Results: Time-to-stepout (TTS) on SRT at baseline had a mean ± standard deviation of 101 ± 117 s. In the hypocapnic condition, TTS was reduced to 48 ± 68 s. TTS normalized to 121 ± 132 s after recovery to normal capnic levels. Time-to-stepout was found to be significantly shorter in the hypocapnic measurement compared to the baseline measurement (P = .0128). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-tailed, paired sample T-tests using a P-value of < .05.Conclusions: Our study found a statistically and clinically significant reduction in performance on a balance test (SRT) when exposed to acute hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia compared to a eucapnic control. Our results suggest that acute hypocapnia may contribute to neurological dysfunction independently of hypobaric hypoxia.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142299432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mindfulness, Inclusion, and Compassion in Austere Medicine. 严谨医学中的正念、包容和慈悲。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241276373

Rachael Tennant, Raquel Sapp, Roople Unia

引用次数: 0

In Response to Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Austere Environments by Fink et al. 针对 Fink 等人撰写的《荒野医学会关于在恶劣环境中治疗急性疼痛的临床实践指南》（Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Pain in Austere Environments）。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241262979

Scott Hughey, Jacob Cole, Eric Stedjelarsen

引用次数: 0

Keep Cool but Don't Freeze: The Influence of William J. Mills Jr. on the Treatment of Frostbite. 保持凉爽但不要冻僵：小威廉-J-米尔斯对冻伤治疗的影响。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241273497

Maryam Gharraei, Ken Zafren, Rodrigo Villar, Gordon G Giesbrecht

{"title":"Keep Cool but Don't Freeze: The Influence of William J. Mills Jr. on the Treatment of Frostbite.","authors":"Maryam Gharraei, Ken Zafren, Rodrigo Villar, Gordon G Giesbrecht","doi":"10.1177/10806032241273497","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241273497","url":null,"abstract":"Dr William J. Mills Jr., an Alaskan orthopedic surgeon, helped establish the current protocols for frostbite treatment and changed a dogma used for more than 140 years that was established by Napoleon's surgeon general of the army, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey. During Napoleon's 1812 siege of Moscow, Larrey noticed the destructive effects of using open fire heat for warming frozen body parts, so he suggested rubbing snow or immersion in cold water. Dr Mills treated many cold injuries during his medical career. After setting up his medical practice in Anchorage, Alaska, he realized the inefficiency of the established protocols and started researching new treatments for frostbite. Dr Mills followed Meryman's method of rapidly thawing frozen red blood cells in warm water. Mills and his colleagues established a treatment protocol for freezing cold injury that included rapid warming in warm water. These studies resulted in the publication of three key papers in 1960 and 1961. These papers were the first clinical studies that described rapid warming as a treatment. Subsequently, rapid warming, with some variation in water temperatures, has been accepted as the standard of treatment. Due to his outstanding contribution to the treatment of frostbite, he has been referred to as \"the nation's leading authority on cold injury.\" Mills and his colleagues created a new classification system that divided frostbite into two levels, superficial and deep, which was more applicable in clinics than the traditional 4-tier classification. The 2-tier classification is still useful outside of the hospital setting.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erratum to "Trick or Treat-Jack O'Lanterns Are NOT Good to Eat". 不给糖就捣蛋--杰克灯笼不能吃》勘误。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241292628

引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial Activity of Bark from Four North American Tree Species. 四种北美树种树皮的抗菌活性

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241263862

Alayna J Mickles, Caroline Chou, Julie N Deleger, Elizabeth F Swords, Maggie S Schlarman, Stan Braude

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Bark from Four North American Tree Species.","authors":"Alayna J Mickles, Caroline Chou, Julie N Deleger, Elizabeth F Swords, Maggie S Schlarman, Stan Braude","doi":"10.1177/10806032241263862","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241263862","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although many backcountry first aid kits contain antibiotic ointment, the supply can be quickly exhausted if a patient has extensive wounds or if there are multiple patients.Methods: We assessed the antibacterial properties of bark extract from four North American woody plant species known to native Missourians as medicinal plants (Quercus macrocarpa, Salix humilis, Pinus echinata, and Hamamelis vernalis). We tested their antimicrobial properties, with the disc diffusion technique, against four common pathogenic bacterial species: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacter aerogenes (now known as Klebsiella aerogenes).Results: We report evidence of antibacterial activity of bark extract from all four plant species.Conclusions: Our results confirm that traditional uses of these species may be useful in fighting infection and could be especially useful in a wilderness setting when modern antibiotics are exhausted.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case Study of Severe Accidental Hypothermia with Rapid Cooling, Preserved Shivering, and Consciousness with a Summary of Similar Case Reports. 严重意外低体温症病例研究：快速降温、保持哆嗦和意识，以及类似病例报告摘要。

IF 1.4 4区医学

Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/10806032241272127

Alana C Hawley, Gordon G Giesbrecht, Douglas J A Brown, Matthew D White

{"title":"Case Study of Severe Accidental Hypothermia with Rapid Cooling, Preserved Shivering, and Consciousness with a Summary of Similar Case Reports.","authors":"Alana C Hawley, Gordon G Giesbrecht, Douglas J A Brown, Matthew D White","doi":"10.1177/10806032241272127","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10806032241272127","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a case of severe accidental hypothermia of a kayaker with preserved consciousness and shivering despite a rectal temperature of 22.9°C following a 50-min immersion in 3°C water with an estimated core temperature cooling rate of 10.6°C/h. Based on survival at sea prediction curves and cooling rates from physiology studies, cold water (eg, 0-5°C) immersion is expected to drop core temperature by 2 to 4°C/h. Furthermore, accidental hypothermia classification systems predict that severely hypothermic patients are usually unconscious and not shivering. The patient in this report rewarmed rapidly at 3.6°C/h with only minimally invasive measures and was discharged fully neurologically intact. In 41 similar cases of survival in moderate to severe hypothermia with core temperatures <32°C due to cold water immersion, cold air exposure, or avalanche burial, mean cooling rates were 4.3±3.3°C/h (range 0.4-10.6°C/h). Including the current patient, shivering was reported in only four cases. We found several other cases of rewarming from moderate to severe hypothermia with only minimally invasive measures. The current and summarized cases lead us to conclude that patients may be at risk of severe hypothermia in <60 min of cold water immersion and that it is possible for severely hypothermic patients to have preserved consciousness, close to normal vital signs, and shivering. Minimally invasive or noninvasive rewarming of patients with severe hypothermia is also possible, especially in those who continue to shiver. Hypothermia management should not necessarily be guided by classification systems or core temperature alone but rather by a careful consideration of the entire clinical picture.","PeriodicalId":49360,"journal":{"name":"Wilderness & Environmental Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0