Nafise Niknam, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani, Lydia Johnson Kolaparambil Varghese, Amy Berrington de González, Matthew Mark Melin, Mohammad Shafie'ei, Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Seyed Reza Taha, Thais Russomano, Dedee F Murrell, Ayman Grada, Sancy A Leachman, Zahra Akbari, Armita Jokar Derisi, Marta Jurga, Ajay Kumar, Saswati Das, Jessica D'Urbano, Gabriella Hakim, Najmeh Sadeghian, Shahram Paydar, Michelle Tarbox, Cameron West, Seyyed Mojtaba Ghorashi, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Timothy Squire, Christopher G Bunick, Rowena Christiansen
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引用次数: 0
摘要
太空探索使宇航员暴露在微重力和空间辐射等独特条件下,可能影响基因表达并引发致癌。矛盾的是,这些极端的环境可能会揭示癌症生物学中支持治疗的其他方面。尽管对这些方面进行了许多单独的审查,但对空间压力源对癌症发展的影响的全面综合还不完整。这篇综述的目的是提供一个全面的视角来研究太空飞行和相关的压力源——包括重力(超重力和微重力)、辐射和振动——对癌症发展和细胞机制改变的潜在影响。我们按照PRISMA-ScR检查表进行审查。在英语中采用多层搜索策略,从b谷歌Scholar和PubMed的初步关键词识别开始。随后,在五个数据库(cochrane、Embase、PubMed、Scopus和Web of science)中进行了主要搜索,直到2024年2月22日。所有纳入的研究均由两名独立审稿人进行全面评估。在15,553件已确定的物品中,有158件被认为符合条件。大多数(92%)是实验研究,主要是细胞研究(74.17%)。乳腺癌(15.19%)、甲状腺癌(13.92%)和造血癌(11.40%)是最常被检查的癌症。航天应激源对不同生物系统的影响是不同的,其中微重力对空间生长和转移有影响,宇宙辐射对肿瘤有抑制和致突变作用。我们的研究结果强调,需要进行大规模、长时间的模拟研究,模拟太空条件,以提高任务安全性,并阐明太空压力源对癌症的细微影响。此外,除了机组人员飞行前/飞行中/飞行后的长期评估外,还需要在真正的太空失重环境中进行进一步的广泛研究,包括基于动物和人体组织的研究(细胞培养和潜在的全灌注器官模型)。此外,这一独特的研究途径可能揭示癌细胞对这些应激源的敏感性,为癌症治疗的创新治疗策略开辟新的途径。
Space exploration exposes astronauts to unique conditions such as microgravity and space radiation, potentially influencing gene expression and triggering carcinogenesis. Paradoxically, these extreme environments could uncover other pro-treatment aspects of cancer biology. Despite numerous reviews addressing these aspects in isolation, a comprehensive synthesis of the effects of space stressors on cancer development is incomplete. This scoping review aims to provide a holistic perspective on the influence of spaceflight and associated stressors-including gravitation (hyper- and microgravity), radiation, and vibration-on the potential for cancer development and altered cellular mechanisms. We adhered to the PRISMA-ScR checklist for our review. A multitiered search strategy was employed in English, starting with a preliminary keyword identification in Google Scholar and PubMed. Subsequently, the main search was conducted across five databases-Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science-until 22 February 2024. All included studies were thoroughly assessed by two independent reviewers. Of the 15,553 identified articles, 158 were deemed eligible. The majority (92%) were experimental studies, predominantly cell-based (74.17%). Breast (15.19%), thyroid (13.92%), and hematopoietic (11.40%) cancers were the most frequently examined. Spaceflight stressors could affect different biological systems variably, with microgravity impacting spatial growth and metastasis, and cosmic radiation exerting both tumor-suppressive and mutagenic effects. Our findings highlight the need for large-scale, prolonged analog studies mimicking space conditions to enhance mission safety and shed light on the nuanced effects of space stressors on cancer. Additionally, further extensive studies need to be performed in the true weightlessness of spaceflight, both animal-based and on human tissue (cell cultures and potentially whole perfusion organ models), in addition to crew pre/intra/post-flight long-duration evaluations. Furthermore, this unique research avenue may reveal cancer cell sensitivities to these stressors, opening new pathways for innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
期刊介绍:
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society, is the leading journal for physicians practicing medicine in austere environments. This quarterly journal features articles on all aspects of wilderness medicine, including high altitude and climbing, cold- and heat-related phenomena, natural environmental disasters, immersion and near-drowning, diving, and barotrauma, hazardous plants/animals/insects/marine animals, animal attacks, search and rescue, ethical and legal issues, aeromedial transport, survival physiology, medicine in remote environments, travel medicine, operational medicine, and wilderness trauma management. It presents original research and clinical reports from scientists and practitioners around the globe. WEM invites submissions from authors who want to take advantage of our established publication''s unique scope, wide readership, and international recognition in the field of wilderness medicine. Its readership is a diverse group of medical and outdoor professionals who choose WEM as their primary wilderness medical resource.