Pakistan postgraduate medical institute最新文献

{"title":"THE PERCEPTION OF CONSULTANTS AND THE POST-GRADUATION RESIDENTS ABOUT THE BARRIERS TO THE REPORTING OF SUSPECTED CASES OF CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLIGENCE","authors":"TEHREEM FATIMA, Hira Fatima, None Faiza Ather, None Rizwan Farooq, None ALTAF QADIR KHAN, None ZAHID QUTAB","doi":"10.51642/ppmj.v34i03.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v34i03.599","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the study is to determine the perception of consultants and post-graduation residents regarding barriers to the reporting of suspected cases of child abuse and negligence. The data for this study was obtained by developing a questionnaire containing variables studied by another research on child abuse in Turkey (Pakis et al., 2015) which was administered in a pilot study done in Lahore General Hospital, validated and then applied to a population of 108 doctors including consultants and post-graduation residents of various specialities and clinical experience in the wards of various specialities at two teaching hospitals of Lahore. The results revealed that, “Lack of knowledge about the process of reporting” was the most frequent variable reported as a barrier by 80.6% of the doctors studied among whom 25% were consultants and 55.6% were residents with a p- value of 0.00027. The deficiency of guidelines on the process of reporting is considered by the doctors studied as the most frequent barrier to the reporting of suspected cases of child abuse and negligence.","PeriodicalId":493550,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan postgraduate medical institute","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSFORMING KIDNEY DISEASE OUTCOMES; THE REVOLUTIONARY IMPACT OF SGLT2 INHIBITORS","authors":"Zeeshan Khawaja","doi":"10.51642/ppmj.v34i03.604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v34i03.604","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for kidney ailments has been a story of unexpected developments. The initial study by Rossetti and colleagues in 1987 proposed the idea of blocking SGLTs in the renal tubules to stimulate glucosuria. The development of orally absorbed SGLT2 inhibitors in the 1990s resulted in numerous trials, including cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) that demonstrated the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in protecting against secondary kidney disease endpoints. Trials with kidney disease endpoints as primary outcomes further verified these benefits. These trials found that SGLT2 inhibitors were superior to placebo, with a relative risk reduction of 40% for kidney disease progression in patients with or without type 2 diabetes. The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial, the DAPA-CKD trial, and the EMPA-KIDNEY trial all demonstrated the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing the progression of kidney disease, leading to a significant reduction in the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death.","PeriodicalId":493550,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan postgraduate medical institute","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136343464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PROTEIN AND LIGAND-BASED DOCKING PROTOCOLS THROUGH PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE SLINGSHOT HOMOLOG 2 COMPLEX","authors":"Dil Nawaz, TARIQ PERVEZ, Muhammad Aqib Shabbir","doi":"10.51642/ppmj.v34i03.557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v34i03.557","url":null,"abstract":"A molecular docking study is used to investigate the interactions between the two molecules. These interactions may be covalent, hydrogen, or Van der Waals forces. Various web-based and stand-alone tools have been discovered for molecular docking analysis. In this study, we performed a comparison between web-based and stand-alone docking tools to evaluate the accuracy. Five web-based tools i) Dockthor, ii) Patchdock, iii) RPBA Web, iv) Swissdock, v) Patinum and two stand-alone tools1) Autodock Vina & 2) Hex were selected for the evaluation of the tool`s accuracy in term of best conformations with minimum binding energies. Protein phosphatase Slingshot homolog 2, SSH2 (PDBID: 2NT2) and four of its related proteins were used as the key proteins in this study. Ligands and Proteins interacting with SSH2 in the Novel signalling pathway were investigated through above mentioned tools.
","PeriodicalId":493550,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan postgraduate medical institute","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136342881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY OF PARESTHESIA DUE TO INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE DAMAGE AFTER EXTRACTION OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR AMONG PATIENTS SHOWING DARKENING OF ROOT IN ORTHOPANTOMOGRAM","authors":"Hassan Irfan, None Uzair Bin Akhtar, None Abdul Ali Khan, None Mahrukh Nisar, None Sarmad Saif ur Rehman, None Asrar Ahmed","doi":"10.51642/ppmj.v34i02.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v34i02.555","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paresthesia is an abnormal dermal sensation with no apparent physical cause. One of the everyday practices in any oral surgery setup is the extraction of the impacted mandibular third molars surgically. Precise measurement of the bone present for support of the implant coronal to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) canal is the pertinent way to prevent IAN injuries.
 Objective: To assess the frequency of paresthesia due to IAN damage after mandibular third molar’s surgical extraction in patients with darkening of root on orthopantomogram.
 Material & Methods: It was a descriptive case series study which took place in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore in a time frame of 6 months i.e. from December 2020 till May 2021. After meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 200 patients were made part of the study program. Informed consent and demographic information was recorded. Surgical procedure of all these patients was done. Assessment was done post-operatively first after one week when patient came for suture removal by inquiring about the subjective perception of abnormal feeling or sensation on lower lip and chin area. Patients were then reappointed for a follow-up visit after 1 month as well.
 Results: Patients’ mean age was 28.05±3.94 years. There were 104 (52%) males and 96 (48%) females in the study population. There were 38 (19%) patients of distoangular impaction, 39 (19.5%) had horizontal impaction, 55 (27.5%) had mesioangular impaction while 68 (34%) had vertical impaction. The IAN paresthesia after 1st month of surgery was found in 13 (6.5%) patients.
 Conclusion: According to this study, the frequency of paresthesia after 1st month of surgery was 6.5% due to IAN injury after mandibular third molar surgery in patients with darkening of root as observed on orthopantomogram.
 Keywords: Inferior Alveolar Nerve, Orthopantomogram, Paresthesia, Third Molar Surgery.","PeriodicalId":493550,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan postgraduate medical institute","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135946481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}