Theoretical Economics Letters最新文献

Estimating Demand for Lamb, Beef, Pork, and Poultry in Canada 加拿大羊肉、牛肉、猪肉和家禽需求估算

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2024.141005

Zakary Rodrigue Diakité

{"title":"Estimating Demand for Lamb, Beef, Pork, and Poultry in Canada","authors":"Zakary Rodrigue Diakité","doi":"10.4236/tel.2024.141005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2024.141005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the demand for lamb, beef, pork, and poultry in Canada, both at the national level and in disaggregated provinces, to identify meat consumption patterns in different provinces. Meat consumption plays a significant role in Canada's economy and is an important source of calories for the population. However, meat demand faces several consumption challenges due to logistic constraints, as a significant portion of the supply is imported from other countries. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of the causal relationships underlying lamb, beef, pork, and poultry consumption in Canada. Until recently, there have been no attempts to estimate meat consumption at the provincial level in Canada. Different Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) models have been applied for testing specifications to circumvent several econometric and theoretical problems. In particular, generalized AIDS and its Quadratic extension QUAIDS methods have been estimated across each province using the Iterative Linear Least Squares Estimator (ILLE) estimation Method. Weekly retail meat consumption price and quantity data from 2019 to 2022 have been used for Canada and for each province namely Quebec, Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island), Ontario, total West (Yukon, Northwest Territory and Nunavut), Alberta, Manitoba-Saskatchewan and Manitoba as well as British Columbia. Consistent coefficients and demand elasticities estimates reveal patterns of substitution and/or complementarity between the four categories of meat. Meat consumption patterns differ across each province. Results show that the demand for the four categories of meat is responsive to price changes. Overall, lamb expenditure was found to be elastic and thus considered a luxury good during the study period, while the other three categories are considered normal goods across Canada.","PeriodicalId":493263,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New Understanding of Law of Supply and Demand and Perfect Economic Competition for Effective Economic Growth and Political Systems 供求规律的新认识与有效经济增长和政治体制的完全经济竞争

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135063

Revaz Lordkipanidze

{"title":"New Understanding of Law of Supply and Demand and Perfect Economic Competition for Effective Economic Growth and Political Systems","authors":"Revaz Lordkipanidze","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.135063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2023.135063","url":null,"abstract":"With the application of the laws of physics in economics and correcting some of the classical theoretical visions of perfect economic competition, the paper explores the possibilities of applying the results obtained in the practice of the global market and political relations. In the work, using the laws of physics, advanced technologies of medicine and other science-intensive branches of the economy, the objective laws of the market are investigated and, on this basis, conclusions are drawn to improve political relations in the modern tense world. For so needed fast effective economic growth to long strategic future, presented article researches comprehension of supply-demand and perfect competition since classical economic theory and shows, that countries with a two-party public policy system are more justice and efficient economically in international relations, than countries with one or much more than 2 parties. In re-thinking the modern clash of civilizations, the study used multifactorial methods of economic extrapolation and elements of analysis from physics and mathematics. Logically, work’s argumentations prove, that maximally productive perfect competition can operate only by possibly equal natural two poles of the market and not under the endless growth of competitors. The different models of a progressive two-party political system act in the United States and other some modern large countries, but those undemocratic imperial countries which have turned into dictatorships or chaotic conglomerations and ignored interests of also needed for progress small countries have disappeared from political life.","PeriodicalId":493263,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can ODA Enhance Economic Development? Special Research on Australian Fund for the Growth Effectiveness in Laos 官方发展援助能促进经济发展吗?澳大利亚老挝增长效益基金专项研究

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135064

Soulivanh Chansombuth

{"title":"Can ODA Enhance Economic Development? Special Research on Australian Fund for the Growth Effectiveness in Laos","authors":"Soulivanh Chansombuth","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.135064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2023.135064","url":null,"abstract":"In Laos, ODA from Australia pays over USD 40 million each year in the field of educational improvement. Australia has been assisting and promoting the economy of Laos for several decades, which establishes a good scenario of the two countries’ ties (between Australia and Laos). Firstly, the author examines the relationship between the human development index and economic growth by using a bivariate correlation testing approach of two variables as provided by Pearson and Spearman, and the use of the cointegration method by Johansen test on VECM analysis, this estimation is vital for time series data. In the final finding, there was a result to denote that, education can have a significant relation to enhance economic growth in Lao PDR. Higher education reflects higher economic development by relying on the test result of Pearson with a p-value of .02 and the Spearman test with a p-value of .049, of which the p-value was less than .05. For VECM analysis, the result showed that education in both the long and short run has a negative direction in relation to economic development, in the short run the ODA from Australia showed an opposing direction to growth, but in the long run, such ODA has a positive relation to economic growth with significance. Finally, this paper detailed Laos’ future policy on promoting investment in the field of technological development and innovation; a suitable law and regulation for technological investment should be effectively enacted for ODA in the field of educational improvement, eventually good educational people can build investment and national economic development of Laos.","PeriodicalId":493263,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135839028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Capital Market Power and Economic Growth in an Overlapping-Generations Model with Rational Expectations 具有理性预期的代际重叠模型中的资本市场力量与经济增长

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135069

Paul Ritschel

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligent Applications in Enabled Banking Services: The Next Frontier of Customer Engagement in the Era of ChatGPT 人工智能在银行服务中的应用:ChatGPT时代客户参与的下一个前沿

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135066

Dimitra Skandali, Anastasios Magoutas, Georgios Tsourvakas

{"title":"Artificial Intelligent Applications in Enabled Banking Services: The Next Frontier of Customer Engagement in the Era of ChatGPT","authors":"Dimitra Skandali, Anastasios Magoutas, Georgios Tsourvakas","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.135066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2023.135066","url":null,"abstract":"The recent global changes in Information and Communications Technology (ICT), have demonstrated a tremendous range of technological use cases including the use of Artificial Intelligent (AI) applications (apps) for financial services. In light of the latest developments of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, this study develops an innovative research model used for the prediction of the most significant factors influencing consumers’ willingness to accept and willingness to buy generative AI banking apps, under the theory of the Value-based Adoption Model (VAM). The authors have conducted an online survey of Greek consumers of AI banking apps using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine which variables enhance customers’ perceived value performing significant influence on AI banking apps adoption and willingness to purchase. This research found that trust and happiness are the most significant variables impacting the intention to use and buy conversational AI banking apps. The most likely outcome is the mediating role of consumers’ perceived value in willingness to accept and pay using AI banking apps. The conclusions and implications for marketing can help financial institutions augment the accuracy of the audit and advisory services, enhancing customer satisfaction and engagement and increasing bank competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":493263,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136201796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Voluntary Internal Audit of Irish Business 爱尔兰企业自愿内部审计研究

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135070

Feiyang Zhao, Zhiquan Zhao

引用次数: 0

Financial Ratios in Women-Owned and Men-Owned Small Firms: Evidence from Finland 女性拥有和男性拥有的小企业的财务比率:来自芬兰的证据

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135065

Erkki K. Laitinen, Teija Laitinen

{"title":"Financial Ratios in Women-Owned and Men-Owned Small Firms: Evidence from Finland","authors":"Erkki K. Laitinen, Teija Laitinen","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.135065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2023.135065","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to show how the key ratios of financial statement analysis differ in companies owned by women and men. In the study, nine hypotheses are derived based on previous studies. The central starting point for the hypotheses concerning the differences in key ratios is the first hypothesis that women-owned companies are more labor-intensive than men-owned companies due to women’s personal factors. It follows from this hypothesis that the cost structures and the balance sheet structures of companies owned by women and men are different, which leads to differences in key figures. In addition to labor intensity, the derived hypotheses concern three ratios of profitability, two ratios of solvency and three ratios of liquidity. The hypotheses are tested with data consisting of 6951 women-owned and 30,916 men-owned small and medium-sized Finnish companies from the year 2020. In these companies, the owner is the global Ultimate owner (GUO) who is at the top of the company’s ownership structure. Financial ratios are compared to each other in a non-controlled situation and in a controlled situation where control variables are used. The results of the study mostly support the derived hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":493263,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136201805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explaining Cobb-Douglas with the New Mathematics of Inteduct 用新智力数学解释柯布-道格拉斯理论

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.136077

Michael Grabinski, Galiya Klinkova

引用次数: 0

The Role of Currency Parity in the Relationship between Foreign Debt and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa 货币平价在撒哈拉以南非洲外债与经济增长关系中的作用

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135073

Kone Ibouanga, Symphorien Engone Mve

引用次数: 0

Border Carbon Adjustment and China’s Optimal Environmental Tax: A Theoretical Analysis Based on Oligopoly Competition Model 边境碳调整与中国最优环境税:基于寡头竞争模型的理论分析

Theoretical Economics Letters Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.4236/tel.2023.135068

Hongjin Xiang, Jiale Wang, Yanxiang Kuang

{"title":"Border Carbon Adjustment and China’s Optimal Environmental Tax: A Theoretical Analysis Based on Oligopoly Competition Model","authors":"Hongjin Xiang, Jiale Wang, Yanxiang Kuang","doi":"10.4236/tel.2023.135068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2023.135068","url":null,"abstract":"A two-stage game model was established against the backdrop of border carbon adjustment imposed by foreign countries, with a focus on exploring the impact of border carbon adjustment imposed by foreign countries on the output and profits of domestic export enterprises. Besides, the decision on the optimal environmental tax in China under border carbon adjustments was further discussed. This article argues that the imposition of border carbon adjustment by foreign countries will reduce the balanced export volume and export profits of domestic export enterprises, while also increasing the profits of foreign enterprises; the decision on the optimal domestic environmental tax depends on the tax rate of border carbon adjustment imposed by foreign countries. The higher the border carbon adjustment rate imposed by foreign countries on our country, the higher the optimal domestic environmental tax rate in China. The lower the border carbon adjustment rate imposed by foreign countries on our country, the lower the optimal domestic environmental tax rate in China. Based on these conclusions, relevant policy recommendations were proposed.","PeriodicalId":493263,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical Economics Letters","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0