{"title":"Advocating for transportation equity: A critical examination of paratransit service reductions in St. Louis and its impact on health and community social participation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Social participation is associated with better health, quality of life, </span>physical activity, and engagement in community living and is thus an emerging health priority. Transportation plays an important role in facilitating social participation. Our team recently reported in the </span><em>Journal of Disability and Health</em><span> that Missouri-dwelling adults aging with long-term physical disabilities who use paratransit services as their primary transportation mode are more likely to participate in social roles and activities outside the home compared to those who do not use paratransit. In March of 2023, the paratransit company Metro Call-A-Ride that serves St. Louis announced major scale backs to their coverage zones due in part to staffing shortages. This decision has been met with a formal complaint filed to the U.S. Department of Justice as well as protest from the St. Louis disability community and advocates. Thousands of individuals who relied on Call-A-Ride for their routine community outings—to work, grocery stores, or medical appointments, for example—have been affected by the cuts. In this commentary, we will summarize the media coverage this decision has received, including the perspectives of disability rights advocates and individuals who have been directly affected. We will then present an overview of our original research findings in the context of these recent events and a brief synthesis of existing literature on paratransit services in the U.S. The commentary will end with proposed policy, research, and programming solutions for St. Louis's Metro Call-A-Ride and public transportation at large.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1936-6574(24)00091-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1936-6574(24)00091-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 101660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657424000918/pdfft?md5=9cc9c87ec59885aa735854fa990dbcdb&pid=1-s2.0-S1936657424000918-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on psychoactive medication use among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada: A repeated cross-sectional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Evidence for worsening mental health among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) during COVID-19 sparked concerns for increased use of psychoactive medications.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the impact of COVID-19 on psychoactive medication use and clinical monitoring among individuals with IDD in Ontario, Canada.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study among individuals with IDD and examined weekly trends for psychoactive medication dispensing and outpatient physician visits among those prescribed psychoactive medications between April 7, 2019, and March 25, 2023. We used interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models to determine the impact of the declaration of emergency for COVID-19 (March 17, 2020) on the aforementioned trends.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The declaration of emergency for COVID-19 did not significantly impact psychoactive medication use among individuals with IDD. Provision of clinical monitoring remained relatively stable, apart from a short-term decline in the weekly rate of outpatient physician visits following the declaration of emergency for COVID-19 (step estimate: 21.26 per 1000 individuals [p < 0.01]; ramp estimate: 0.88 per 1000 individuals [p = 0.01]). When stratified by mode of delivery, there was a significant shift towards virtual care (step estimate: 78.80 per 1000 individuals; p < 0.01). The weekly rate of in-person physician visits gradually increased, returning to rates observed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although access to clinical care remained relatively stable, the shift towards virtual care may have negatively impacted those who encounter challenges communicating via virtual mediums. Future research is required to identify the support systems necessary for individuals with IDD during virtual health care interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657424000803/pdfft?md5=418995f389a48b29f9096218ab75afc5&pid=1-s2.0-S1936657424000803-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the “backburner” to the forefront: Qualitative analysis of medical and physician assistant students’ reflections on Crip Camp","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Disability-focused health professions education must evolve to portray the lives of disabled patients, </span>lived experiences<span> of ableism, and disability history more accurately and authentically. Methods of education that utilize first-person perspectives of disabled people to deliver authentic representations are limited in the current literature.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>To explore first-year medical and physician assistant students' reflections on healthcare access, healthcare providers’ roles, and barriers to health equity for patients with disabilities after watching an exemplar, first-person perspective documentary titled </span><em>Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>A three-part, student-created disability curriculum “Introduction to Disability and Anti-Ableist Healthcare” was offered as an elective for first-year medical students<span> during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 academic years. The disability curriculum was required for first-year physician assistant students during the 2023–2024 academic year. One curricular component was watching </span></span><em>Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution</em> and completing a 500-750-word reflective essay. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to organize essay responses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Seven major themes emerged in the students’ essays highlighting the importance of disability-focused education, the necessity of understanding the historical context and mistreatment of people with disabilities, limitations of health policies and </span>health systems, the role of trainees and providers, and intersectionality. Themes were aligned with the socioecological model and disability consciousness to reflect healthcare delivery and education benefit, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><em>Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution</em><span> was an effective educational intervention to provide and apply knowledge in reflecting on healthcare experiences of people with disabilities. The themes have implications for health professions education and health care delivery.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pattern of contraceptive use among reproductive-aged women with disabilities in Bangladesh: Evidence from multiple indicator cluster survey 2019","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Contraception is crucial for reproductive-aged women with disabilities, empowering them to manage reproductive choices and enhancing overall health, autonomy, and well-being.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The objective of this study was to examine the usage patterns of contraceptive methods among reproductive-aged women with disabilities in Bangladesh.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data from 47,465 reproductive-aged women from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Outcome variables included contraceptive usage<span> patterns, grouped into any contraceptive methods, any modern contraceptive methods, and any traditional contraceptive methods. The primary explanatory variable considered was disabilities level (women with no disabilities, women with moderate disabilities, and women with severe disabilities), along with types of disabilities. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to assess associations between outcomes and explanatory variables while accounting for confounding.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of any contraceptive methods use was 66.4 %, declining to 54 % among women with severe disabilities. The odd of modern contraception use was 31 % lower (aOR, 0.69, 95 % CI, 0.65–0.73) among women with moderate disabilities and 47 % lower (aOR, 0.53, 95 % CI, 0.47–0.60) among those with severe disabilities, compared to women with no disabilities. Within the individual domains of disabilities, those with vision, walking, cognitive, and self-care-related disabilities reported lower odds of modern contraception uptake than those with no disabilities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study highlights that women with disabilities use contraceptives less often, increasing vulnerability to unintended and short interval pregnancies and unsafe abortion. Strengthening family planning and prioritizing women with disabilities for modern contraceptives are vital.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The hidden crisis: Long COVID's association with housing stability and home accessibility among people with disabilities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the emerging phenomenon known as Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms long after the acute infection has passed. However, the relationship of Long COVID on housing stability and home accessibility remains underexplored.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This manuscript aims to comprehensively examine the association of Long COVID on housing stability and accessibility, identifying challenges faced by people with Long COVID and potential strategies to address them.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study employs a cross-sectional mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. It analyzes data from 1533 people with disabilities, 514 with Long COVID and 1019 without Long COVID, to compare demographics, housing stability, financial concerns, housing problems, and home accessibility. Qualitative analysis extracts thematic insights from 13 participant narratives.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Individuals with Long COVID exhibit significantly higher rates of housing instability (21.1 % v. 8.1 %, p < 0.001) and financial concerns, such as worries about high rent or mortgage (50.4 % v. 40.0 %, p < 0.001), compared to those without Long COVID. They also report more frequent issues with pests (30.0 % v. 23.5 %, p < 0.01) and mold (22.0 % v. 12.7 %, p < 0.001) in their homes. Qualitative analysis reveals financial setbacks, difficulties in obtaining support, and the challenges of home accessibility.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Associations between Long COVID and challenges related to housing stability and home accessibility highlight the need for systemic changes, financial support, and advocacy. This research contributes to understanding Long COVID's challenges, informing policy development, and promoting compassionate responses, ensuring the well-being of people with Long COVID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657424000815/pdfft?md5=31754fae0547f2bde82fc955f3684597&pid=1-s2.0-S1936657424000815-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“As a parent, I want to do more for my child”: A phenomenological approach to understanding the experiences of parents involved in surgical decision-making for children with congenital hand anomalies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A congenital anomaly of the hand can affect both function and appearance, and places a stressful psychological burden on the family, especially parents. Surgery during infancy may prevent later disabilities, but little is known of the importance of parents’ involvement in these decisions in terms of psychological adjustment or treatment satisfaction.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To understand parents' perceptions of involvement in their child's surgery for limb anomaly, and their preferences for the support of healthcare professionals. Results should lead to recommended interventions to improve familial adjustment to the child's condition.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Qualitative data was collected from semi-structured confidential self-reported interviews of 35 parents (65.7 % mothers) of children who had received reconstructive surgery for congenital hand anomaly (at age 24.89 ± 9.26 months); interviews were coincident with the 1-month postoperative follow-up. The parents ranged in age, gender, educational background, economic status, and type of anomaly. Data analysis referenced Colaizzi's phenomenological approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The concerns of the parents were consolidated into three themes: attitudes toward Parental involvement in surgical decision-making; status of parental involvement in Surgical decision-making; and need for help and support.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Some parents were comfortable leaving surgical decisions entirely to the medical staff, but most preferred active participation and were disappointed at their lack of inclusion. The maximum benefit from surgery for congenital abnormalities in infancy is achieved when the parents and extended families have access to the expertise, skills, encouragement, and psychological support of healthcare providers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657424000785/pdfft?md5=aac7a7c4d21bb109d1dd7ff970a9b8b9&pid=1-s2.0-S1936657424000785-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leisure time physical activity in middle-aged and older adults aging with long-term spinal cord injury: Changes over six years","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Regular leisure time physical activity (LTPA) has beneficial health effects in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Yet, participation in LTPA is low, and little is known about changes many years after injury.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine changes in LTPA in middle-aged and older adults with long-term SCI over six years, investigate associations with gender, age, injury characteristics and changes in secondary health conditions and activity limitations, and investigate factors related to being physically active or sedentary.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Part of the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study (SASCIS). LTPA was assessed twice over a six-year period with the Physical Activity Recall Assessment for people with Spinal Cord Injury (n = 75; 32% women, mean age 67 years, mean time since injury 31 years, injury levels C1-L3, AIS A-D). Changes were assessed with paired t-tests, McNemar test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, associations with multivariable regression and group comparisons with Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test and Chi Square test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>On group level participation in LTPA did not change, but the variability was substantial on individual level. There were no significant associations between changes in LTPA and the investigated variables. Among sedentary participants, higher level and severity of injury were overrepresented and the activity limitations were greater.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate stability in LTPA over time, but with a large individual variation. In many participants LTPA was insufficient to reach positive health effects. Promoting participation in LTPA is therefore an important part of the long-term management of middle-aged and older adults aging with long-term SCI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657424000797/pdfft?md5=16bf28db7ae8d1636014cc446eaaffb8&pid=1-s2.0-S1936657424000797-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictors of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in group homes for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>More than seven million people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (ID/DD) live in the US and may face an elevated risk for COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To identify correlates of COVID-19 and related hospitalizations among people with ID/DD in group homes in Massachusetts.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We collected data during March 1, 2020–June 30, 2020 (wave 1) and July 1, 2020–March 31, 2021 (wave 2) from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and six organizations administering 206 group homes for 1035 residents with ID/DD. The main outcomes were COVID-19 infections and related hospitalizations. We fit multilevel Cox proportional hazards models to estimate associations with observed predictors and assess contextual home- and organizational-level effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with Massachusetts residents, group home residents had a higher age-adjusted rate of COVID-19 in wave 1 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 12.06; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 10.51–13.84) and wave 2 (IRR, 2.47; 95 % CI, 2.12–2.88) and a higher age-adjusted rate of COVID-19 hospitalizations in wave 1 (IRR, 17.64; 95 % CI, 12.59–24.70) and wave 2 (IRR, 4.95; 95 % CI, 3.23–7.60). COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations were more likely among residents aged 65+ and in group homes with 6+ resident beds and recent infection among staff and residents.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Aggressive efforts to decrease resident density, staff-to-resident ratios, and staff infections through efforts such as vaccination, in addition to ongoing access to personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing, may reduce COVID-19 and related hospitalizations in people with ID/DD living in group homes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936657424000761/pdfft?md5=9cbe9673e937c1fa65ae7f1adb913c01&pid=1-s2.0-S1936657424000761-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Document analysis of adaptive sport opportunities at Division-1 universities in the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Individuals with disabilities are less likely to participate in physical activity<span>, with the greatest decline in participation during college years. Despite known health benefits, there are significant barriers that limit sport and exercise participation for students with disabilities, including adaptive access. To our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review conducted to examine the number of adaptive sport offerings on a collegiate level.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Assess the availability of adaptive sport opportunities for students at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-1 Universities to better understand university-affiliated adaptive sport opportunity for students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Website document analysis was conducted by systematically querying the general homepage, athletics page, and campus recreation websites of each NCAA Division-1 University in the United States (US). Institutional and sport-related characteristics were recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 358 NCAA Division-1 Universities, 20.4 % (73/358) marketed adaptive sport opportunities (recreational, club, and/or intercollegiate), with 3.9 % (11/358) acknowledging intercollegiate adaptive sport programs on their websites. Five percent (6/121) of private institutions, and 28.3 % (67/237) of public institutions reported adaptive sport opportunities. The Northeast region had the fewest number of institutions reporting adaptive sport offerings (4/67, 6.0 %). The most commonly offered sport was adaptive recreation (36/358, 10.2 %), followed by wheelchair basketball (26/358, 7.4 %).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Over three-quarters of Division-1 Universities in the US lack an online description of adaptive sport opportunity, highlighting the need for expanded resourcing and marketing of adaptive sport at the university level. Future studies are necessary to identify appropriate strategies to effectively promote sport, maximize participation and improve social inclusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49300,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Health Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 101646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}