Indian Journal of Human Development最新文献

Trade Unions in Contemporary India: Revitalisation Strategies and Migrant Workers 当代印度的工会：振兴战略与移民工人

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241250113

Pranita Kulkarni, Amrita Datta

{"title":"Trade Unions in Contemporary India: Revitalisation Strategies and Migrant Workers","authors":"Pranita Kulkarni, Amrita Datta","doi":"10.1177/09737030241250113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09737030241250113","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores diverse strategies adopted by Indian trade unions (TUs) to counteract their decline, with a specific focus on migrant labour in contemporary India. While studies in the past have analysed unionism and strategies at the nation-state level, this article draws from interviews with senior leaders of the three central Indian TUs to underscore the diversity of approaches among the TUs. It first draws on Frege and Kelly’s work on union revitalisation to make sense of the organisational strategies adopted by unions to adapt to globalisation and neoliberal policies in the context of India’s transition from a command to a market economy, characterised by intricate institutional arrangements and a prevalence of informal labour. It then uses Alberti’s framework that distinguishes between universalistic and particularistic approaches, with a focus on intersectionality, to explore whether Indian TUs adopt the former approach rooted in class identity, or the latter approach based on the intersecting and complex dimensions of inequality experienced by migrant workers. The article finds that individual union strategies vary on account of their historical origins, ideological underpinnings and relationship with the state and the market. It argues that the disconnect between TUs and the vast migrant workforce in India holds critical significance due to the substantial number of migrant workers in the country, their vulnerability to exploitation, and the role their exclusion has played in the TUs’ decline. The article suggests a combination of universalistic and particularistic approaches to bridge this disconnect, and in doing so it offers a novel disaggregated perspective of TU strategies at the subnational level, scrutinising the approaches of three central Indian TUs through an intersectionality lens and advocating for necessary course correction.","PeriodicalId":492385,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Human Development","volume":"31 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migration Along Bengaluru’s Rural–Urban Continuum: Implications for Household Well-being and Climate Change Adaptation 班加罗尔城乡结合部的人口迁移：对家庭福祉和适应气候变化的影响

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241244572

Andaleeb Rahman, Chandni Singh, Arjun Srinivas

{"title":"Migration Along Bengaluru’s Rural–Urban Continuum: Implications for Household Well-being and Climate Change Adaptation","authors":"Andaleeb Rahman, Chandni Singh, Arjun Srinivas","doi":"10.1177/09737030241244572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09737030241244572","url":null,"abstract":"The academic literature on internal migration in India has been limited to studies which either capture the well-being of migrants at home or destination. With rural–urban (R–U) boundaries blurring and peri-urban areas gaining economic importance, it is imperative to move away from such binaries towards a continuum approach. Using mixed methods, this paper examines the differentiated nature of migration—its drivers and outcomes—across a R–U continuum in Karnataka. Combining household surveys with focus group discussions and life history interviews, across Bengaluru, its periphery and two predominantly rural districts, which are a source of in-migration, we document the variegated nature of migration. We show that while migrants into Bengaluru enter mostly unskilled livelihoods, peri-urban migrants tend to work in the formal sector. We also show how migration decisions are shaped by climate variability, environmental change, and social and class identity; and these factors mediate differentiated outcomes of moving on household well-being. Our findings have implications for interventions aimed at strengthening household capacities to deal with climatic and non-climatic risks and regional climate-resilient development. We also highlight that enabling inclusive, climate-resilient migration requires comprehensive interventions targeting material and subjective well-being of migrating households and individuals.","PeriodicalId":492385,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Human Development","volume":"5 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Groups and Unequal Employment Opportunities in Skilled Occupations in India 印度社会群体与技术职业中的不平等就业机会

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241238930

Tanima Banerjee

{"title":"Social Groups and Unequal Employment Opportunities in Skilled Occupations in India","authors":"Tanima Banerjee","doi":"10.1177/09737030241238930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09737030241238930","url":null,"abstract":"Differential labour market outcomes are a major concern in the Indian labour market. This article looks into the caste and ethnicity-based employment gap in skilled jobs in India. The study has used data from two Periodic Labour Force Survey rounds, namely the 2021–2022 round and 2018–2019 round. The employment gap has been decomposed using the non-linear decomposition method. The results suggest that socially forward groups are more likely to participate in skilled jobs than socially backward classes. Moreover, a significant part of the employment gap remains unexplained by characteristic differences, including differences in endowments. However, both the employment gap and the contribution of discriminatory hiring practices are generally less in more skill-oriented jobs. The employment gap in high-skilled occupations is significantly explained by differences in productivity factors. The jobs requiring higher levels of skills are largely prevalent in the public sector that comes under the reservation policy. In the private sector as well, compared to low- or unskilled jobs, high-skilled occupations are more likely to be found in the form of formal jobs to which anti-discrimination laws may be applicable. Low-paying unskilled jobs are mainly dominated by socially backward-class workers in the Indian labour market.","PeriodicalId":492385,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Human Development","volume":"30 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth of Cess and Surcharges in India: With Special Reference to Education Cess of Union Government and Its Utilisation 印度教育税和附加费的增长：特别参考联邦政府的教育税及其利用情况

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241239738

V. Motkuri, E. Revathi

引用次数: 0

Industrial Fragmentation, Migration and Live-in Factories in Ahmedabad 艾哈迈达巴德的产业分化、移民和住家工厂

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241238818

Shubham Kaushal, Tara Nair

{"title":"Industrial Fragmentation, Migration and Live-in Factories in Ahmedabad","authors":"Shubham Kaushal, Tara Nair","doi":"10.1177/09737030241238818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09737030241238818","url":null,"abstract":"This article interrogates live-in factory labour as a distinct feature of informalised industrial structure, an absence of state regulation and an outcome of kinship-based internal migration processes and labour precariousness. It also demonstrates the fallacy of analysing living arrangements of migrant workers as undifferentiated structural artefacts and highlights the underlying social relational dynamics. It argues that suboptimal wages and terms of employment embedded in highly asymmetrical relations between employer and worker mediated through labour contractors and organised on caste, ethnicity and regional lines dictate the persistence of the system of in-factory living of workers. Such a living arrangement represents a distinct configuration of urban employment that allows firms to have greater control over workers’ lives to extract surplus value and determine their relations with the city. Thus, the article posits that migration, informal workplaces and informal labour relations converge together to create certain hyper-precarious occupational niches reserved for workers from particularly marginalised communities. Apart from debt bondage, a phenomenon which has received significant scholarly attention over the years, on-site accommodation is used by employers to keep vulnerable migrant workers in these niches.","PeriodicalId":492385,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Human Development","volume":"17 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymmetric Fiscal Federalism and Public Provision of Healthcare: New Insights from India 不对称财政联邦制与公共医疗服务：印度的新见解

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241239736

K. S. Harikrishnan, G. Hiremath

引用次数: 0

Book review: Sandy Baum and Michael McPherson, Campus Economics: How Economic Thinking Can Help Improve College and University Decisions 书评：Sandy Baum 和 Michael McPherson，《校园经济学：经济学思维如何帮助改善学院和大学的决策》（Campus Economics: How Economic Thinking Can Help Improve College and University Decisions

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241241541

J. Tilak

引用次数: 0

Identities and the City: Socialities amongst Migrant Domestic Workers in Kolkata 身份与城市：加尔各答移民家政工人的社会性

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241239486

Urbee Bhowmik

{"title":"Identities and the City: Socialities amongst Migrant Domestic Workers in Kolkata","authors":"Urbee Bhowmik","doi":"10.1177/09737030241239486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09737030241239486","url":null,"abstract":"Migrant subjectivities, experiences and agency have not received the attention needed within development studies discussions on migration, and gender remains to be mainstreamed within understandings of migration. This article attempts to contribute towards bridging these gaps by outlining the findings of a study that explored sociality amongst migrant domestic workers in Kolkata. It outlines experiences of living the migrant identity amongst women migrating from rural West Bengal to Kolkata as well as forms of sociality they engage in at the level of the everyday. Socialities with their employers at the site of paid domestic work allow them to lay claims to the city by drawing on identities based in the Partition of India, 1947. Drawing on the concepts of ‘beings’ from Amartya Sen’s capability approach and of the ‘right to the city’, originally formulated by Henri Lefebvre, the article captures two significant questions emerging from these socialities: those of identity and self, and relationship with the city. It further shows the interrelation between these two frameworks that becomes apparent in the context of what the above socialities imply for the women in the study.","PeriodicalId":492385,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Human Development","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140742387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Interventions Supporting Girls’ Education on Early Marriage, Pregnancy and Work Participation: Evidence Synthesis 支持女童教育的干预措施对早婚、怀孕和参加工作的影响：证据综述

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241239537

M. Gundi, Radhika Dayal

{"title":"Impact of Interventions Supporting Girls’ Education on Early Marriage, Pregnancy and Work Participation: Evidence Synthesis","authors":"M. Gundi, Radhika Dayal","doi":"10.1177/09737030241239537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09737030241239537","url":null,"abstract":"This article synthesises the evidence on the impact of interventions supporting adolescent girls’ and young women’s education on delaying marriage, childbearing and improving work participation. A total of 13 studies (eight from sub-Saharan Africa and five from South Asia) during the years 2000–2020 met our inclusion criteria. A major focus of the included studies was to reduce the schooling cost, with limited focus on strategies such as supplementary coaching, making schools girl-friendly, monitoring performance and sensitising communities about educating girls. Most studies that measured the effects on marriage and childbearing showed a positive impact. However, interventions were less successful in influencing work participation. Although a majority of studies reported positive effects on educational outcomes, fewer measured or reported positive effects on other social and health outcomes. This evidence synthesis suggests a need for studying long-term effects of such interventions on girls’ and women’s family, work and social life in order to inform policy. Studies that explore the varying impacts of such interventions on girls and women from different sociocultural settings are needed. Our evidence synthesis underscores the importance of making comprehensive efforts to support girls’ education in order to meet the global development commitments of ensuring equitable life opportunities for adolescent girls and young women.","PeriodicalId":492385,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Human Development","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book review: Sudha Pai, D. Shyam Babu and Rahul Verma (Ed), Dalits in the New Millenium 书评：Sudha Pai、D. Shyam Babu 和 Rahul Verma（编辑），《新千年中的达利特人》。

Indian Journal of Human Development Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/09737030241241542

Rama Devi

引用次数: 0