Wee Chiat Lee, Azlina Bujang, Sharin Sulaiman, Siti Hafizah Ambi, Adriana Amanda Anak Nicholas
{"title":"BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: CONCEPTUALIZING THE SARAWAK DIGITAL COMMUNITY CENTER (DCC) DEVELOPMENT MODEL","authors":"Wee Chiat Lee, Azlina Bujang, Sharin Sulaiman, Siti Hafizah Ambi, Adriana Amanda Anak Nicholas","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.30","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper endeavors to construct a comprehensive conceptual model for steering the sustainable evolution of Sarawak Digital Community Centers (SDCCs). The main emphasis is on figuring out crucial elements and procedures necessary for long-term sustainability and the constructive transformation of communities. The report examines the current state of Sarawak's Digital Community Centres in-depth and evaluates how they could support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) listed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of the United Nations. Three basic pillars—economic sustainability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability—support our conceptual framework for sustainable development. Within this paradigm, we investigate the crucial functions played throughout the SDCC lifetime by governmental assistance, collaborative efforts, and technology innovation. To ensure relevance in a constantly changing digital environment, we also stress the crucial need of cybersecurity education and adaptability to emerging technology. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines thematic analysis and phone interviews, the Sarawak Digital Community Centres want to acquire insights into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and dangers they are currently facing. The SWOT analysis framework draws on this assessment to generate its suggestions and policy directives for sustainable development. In conclusion, Sarawak's Digital Community Centres have enormous potential to strengthen local communities, promote inclusivity, and promote societal and economic growth. The suggested model offers stakeholders and policymakers a road map for strengthening SDCCs and maximizing their impact on sustainable community development in the age of the digital economy.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"141 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135777139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Sham Mohammad, Ismail Ali, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah
{"title":"PELANUNAN DAN PEMBURUAN HAMBA DI TUNGKU, BORNEO UTARA (1840–1879)","authors":"Mohammad Sham Mohammad, Ismail Ali, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.29","url":null,"abstract":"Perbincangan berhubung dengan persejarahan tradisional di Borneo Utara dan alam Melayu adalah tidak lengkap tanpa membicarakan sejarah pelanunannya. Berbeza dengan sejarah pelanunan (piracy) di barat, perkembangan sejarah pelanunan di rantau ini berlaku bukan sahaja untuk tujuan ekonomi dan politik pemerintah tetapi turut dibayangi oleh pengaruh daripada nilai-nilai sosiobudaya para pemerintah, pembesar dan masyarakat pada waktu itu. Suku Iranun, Balangingi, Bajau dan Dayak Laut telah mencipta nama dalam persejarahan pelanunan di Borneo Utara dan kepulauan Asia Tenggara apabila suku-suku ini muncul sebagai perompak di laut serta pemburu hamba yang cukup digeruni oleh para pelayar, pedagang dan pentadbir barat sehingga mereka dilabelkan sebagai pirate serta penjenayah oleh orang Inggeris di Tanah Melayu dan Borneo Utara; orang Sepanyol di Filipina dan orang Belanda di Indonesia. Secara ringkasnya, makalah ini bertujuan membicarakan sejarah pelanunan di Tungku, Borneo Utara iaitu lokasi yang pernah menjadi pangkalan dan operasi terakhir aktiviti pelanunan serta pemburuan hamba semasa era Kesultanan Sulu sebelum ia berakhir ketika era pentadbiran British North Borneo Company (BNBC). Artikel ini berbentuk kualitatif dan bertemakan sejarah. Bahan dan sumber diperoleh daripada Arkib Negara Malaysia, Arkib Negara Malaysia Cawangan Sabah, Perpustakaan Negeri Sabah, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaysia Sabah dan lain- lain. Makalah ini diharapkan dapat merekonstruksikan semula sejarah pelanunan di Borneo Utara bukan sahaja dari kaca mata barat tetapi juga dari world-view atau pandangan dunia Malay centic itu sendiri.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"140 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135777146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Farizah Alya Fadil, Noorsyahleen Zulkafli, Nurul Cahiriah Zulkifli, Nurul Amnie Athirah Subeci, Nur Auni Fatini Abdullah Jaya, Nur Alia Zulaikha Mohammad Shiraj, Atika Shafinaz Nazri
{"title":"SECULARISM IN TURKIYE: PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE, IMPACT AND SOLUTION","authors":"Nur Farizah Alya Fadil, Noorsyahleen Zulkafli, Nurul Cahiriah Zulkifli, Nurul Amnie Athirah Subeci, Nur Auni Fatini Abdullah Jaya, Nur Alia Zulaikha Mohammad Shiraj, Atika Shafinaz Nazri","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.08","url":null,"abstract":"The declaration of the Republic of Turkiye under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1923-1939) paved the way for a more aggressive process of secularization compared to before, resulting in the absorption of ideology in the military sector and encompassing the entire framework of administration, leadership, and a free way of life that completely alienated the teachings of Islam. Our study seeks to explore the meaning of the characteristics built in secularism simultaneously to discuss more deeply what type of secular culture is in Turkiye. On the other hand, this study also intends to untangle how philosophy has an insight into secular culture. At last, we will also discuss the implications of secularism and what measures could act to curb this belief or culture. In the findings, we argue that the secular culture in Turkiye is manifested in various aspects of society, including politics, education, legal system, and public institutions. It is reflected in the Turkish Constitution, which guarantees religious freedom and prohibits discrimination based on religion. Turkish secularism also influences the education system, where religious education is separated from general education, allowing individuals to receive a secular education while also having the option to pursue religious studies if they choose.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"138 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135776683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Che Norhalila Che Mohamed, Nur Izzati Ahmad Nasharuddin, Nur Aishah Mohamed Yussof, Nora Mohd Basir
{"title":"MALAYSIAN FINANCIAL WELL-BEING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: DOES INCOME CLASSIFICATION MAKE A DIFFERENCE?","authors":"Che Norhalila Che Mohamed, Nur Izzati Ahmad Nasharuddin, Nur Aishah Mohamed Yussof, Nora Mohd Basir","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.06","url":null,"abstract":"The Covid-19 pandemic has affected emotions, health, and the community's well-being. It is even worse when the movement control order had to be carried out to curb the spread of this epidemic, which indirectly affected the financial well-being of individuals in Malaysia. Every person in society is affected by their income source for various reasons. Job losses, and a lack of adequate savings and emergency funds, accompanied by debt and loan management, will exacerbate the situation. An individual's or household's health and financial stability are important aspects of financial well-being for living a better daily life. It encompasses more than just a person's financial situation; it also includes their ability to meet financial goals and obligations, as well as their level of financial stress. As a result, this study aims to compare the financial well-being of Malaysian individuals between income classifications (B40, M40, and T20). Convenience sampling was used to get 265 respondents by using an online survey. A Kruskal Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference in financial well-being between income classifications, χ2 = 13.818, p-value = 0.001. Financial well-being for B40 is the lowest, followed by M40 and T20. The implications of acute financial well-being will lead inability to meet basic needs such as housing, food, healthcare, and education. Employees were recommended to have retirement savings and an excellent financial attitude to have good financial well-being.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"139 S260","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135776871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NAVIGATING PUBERTY WITH SPECIAL NEEDS TEENAGERS: EMPOWERING PARENTS THROUGH A SEXUALITY EDUCATION WORKSHOP","authors":"P A Rahman, A Dahlan, N Azman, S Selamat","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.34","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a crucial phase of development, marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. Navigating these changes for teenagers with special needs can be particularly challenging. Addressing these topics is essential to ensure holistic well-being and healthy development of teenagers with special needs. This workshop aimed to equip parents with the necessary knowledge, skills, and strategies to navigate conversations about puberty and sexuality effectively. This paper is to present the findings of this workshop focused on puberty and sexuality education for parents of teenagers with special needs. A diverse group of parents of teenagers with special needs were recruited through Facebook groups, special schools, and community organizations. Prior to the workshop participants were invited to answer questions regarding their concerns about their special needs child sexuality. A total of 150 parents responded to this qualitative survey. The workshop includes a slot for a sexuality education lecture and a hands-on practical session focusing on managing menstruation and masturbation. A total of 69 participants for the workshop were required to answer pre and post-questionnaires – to determine the knowledge, perceptions, dedication, and willingness in delivering sexual information to teenagers with special needs.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"139 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135776880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noviatin Syarifuddin, Abdul Hafiz Ab Rahman, Sarina Yusoff, Azlizan Mat Enh, Al-Amril Othman
{"title":"PERSEPSI PETANI KOKO TERHADAP PERANAN PEGAWAI PERTANIAN DALAM INOVASI PERTANIAN DI SABAH","authors":"Noviatin Syarifuddin, Abdul Hafiz Ab Rahman, Sarina Yusoff, Azlizan Mat Enh, Al-Amril Othman","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.28","url":null,"abstract":"Kelestarian pertanian merupakan strategi Lembaga Koko Malaysia (LKM) bagi membantu petani koko ke arah membasmi kemiskinan melalui peningkatan produktiviti komoditi. Strategi ini signifikan kepada petani berusia yang berhadapan dengan isu penurunan kualiti dan kuantiti biji koko. Kelestarian pertanian petani koko memerlukan penglibatan agensi pertanian melalui peranan pegawai pertanian untuk membawa inovasi pertanian. Sehubungan itu, kajian bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti persepsi petani terhadap peranan pegawai pertanian dalam membawa inovasi pertanian di Sabah. Kajian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penyelidikan tinjauan dilaksanakan ke atas 195 orang petani. Borang soal selidik digunakan sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Taburan responden yang dibanci merangkumi daerah Pulau Sebatik, Tawau, Semporna, Kunak, Lahad Datu, Sandakan dan Kinabatangan. Landasan teori adalah berdasarkan Teori Peranan Ejen Perubahan yang diolah dalam konteks peranan pegawai pertanian untuk menginovasi pertanian. Hasil kajian tentang tahap peranan ejen perubahan menurut persepsi petani adalah tinggi dan didominasi oleh peranan sebagai pemangkin perubahan. Diikuti, dengan peranan pegawai pertanian sebagai penyelesai masalah, pembantu proses dan penghubung sumber. Penemuan kajian memberi implikasi kepada pengkayaan ilmu melalui tumpuan isu pembangunan pertanian luar bandar. Dapatan kajian memberi kefahaman baharu kepada teori yang menjelaskan keperluan peranan pegawai pertanian sebagai perantara LKM untuk menginovasi pertanian. Ini bertepatan dengan usaha LKM bagi melestari industri koko negara.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"138 S244","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135776677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE OF SOUTH AFRICAN HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE POST COVID-19 PERIOD","authors":"Hazel Lizzy Ndelu, Reward Utete","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.03","url":null,"abstract":"Practising organisational culture is indispensable in boosting sustainable development of various organisations. However, lately it has been shrouded with confusion especially in the post COVID-19 crisis which prompted this study to investigate its current stature. The gradual disappearance of pandemic era gave birth to a new complex and challenging space for human resource management professionals in approximately 426 South African higher education institutions in both public and private sectors, who are compelled to find ingenious solutions around bringing sound and competitive organisational culture. Although there are vast studies that uncover different issues related to COVID-19 pandemic, few previous studies to date have been conducted regarding the change of organisational culture at the workplace in the post COVID-19 pandemic period. Since few prior studies have been carried out in both public and private academic institutions, the purpose of this study is to explore the organisational culture in the post COVID-19 pandemic period of South African Higher Education. The study utilised a qualitative research approach. In terms of data gathering, the phenomena were scoured for in journals using the desktop reviewing method. The desktop approach was used to find the answers to the research questions by consulting published literature, online databases, reports and online indexes. This assists to create a comprehensive understanding of the subject and propose a corrective plan of action.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"138 S243","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135776678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabila Huda Ibrahim, Kim Keum Hyun, Rou Seung Yoan
{"title":"DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AMONG THE MALAYSIAN YOUTH THROUGH INTERNATIONAL YOUTH EXCHANGE PROGRAM WITH SOUTH KOREA AND JAPAN","authors":"Nabila Huda Ibrahim, Kim Keum Hyun, Rou Seung Yoan","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.39","url":null,"abstract":"Social capital development is indispensable to economic growth and well-being because it allows individuals to contribute meaningfully to a society or community. The density of social networks helps an individual take ownership of control over their community through shared trust, norms, and values. As a component to human capital, social capital needs to be developed with important skills and knowledge, such as leadership, communication, and networking, to pursue community empowerment. This study examines the development of social capital and community empowerment at the international level through the international youth exchange program (IYEP) under the Look East Policy (LEP). LEP was implemented in 1982 to develop human capital and increase bilateral collaboration and socio-cultural exchange with East Asian countries, i.e., South Korea and Japan. Based on the secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Youth and Sports and reports from related agencies, this study examined the IYEP of the Malaysia–South Korea and Malaysia-Japan programs and compared their impact on social capital and youth community empowerment. The findings indicate that the IYEP with both countries is expected to strengthen the partnership among participants and help nurture leadership skills. The focus was similar to sociocultural exchange and regional knowledge despite the different scales. Activities such as exchange of knowledge, discussions, enjoying cultural activities, and local activities help the participants build their networking skills and empower the community at both individual and group levels. As the IYEP has benefited its participants, it should be diversified in many areas and collaborations.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"137 S238","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135776397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changyan Cai, Beatrice Lim, Salmah Topimin, Noor Fzlinda Fabeil, Haslinda Hasan
{"title":"A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SINGLE MOTHERS","authors":"Changyan Cai, Beatrice Lim, Salmah Topimin, Noor Fzlinda Fabeil, Haslinda Hasan","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.02","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on single mothers internationally. This article analyzes 1543 research papers on single mothers from Web of Science database using CiteSpace literature analysis software. The study found that research on single mothers covers 79 countries globally, forming a close and comprehensive cooperative network between them. The North American region, including the United States and Canada, is a core research force in the field of single mothers. The top 15 research institutions produced more than 30 papers each, with the University of California System ranking first with a total of 72 papers. The journal with the most publications was the Journal of Marriage and Family, with a total of 44 papers. There were 8 authors who published more than 10 papers, with Herbst CM having the most with 16 papers. The frequency of citations for research on single mothers has shown a significant increasing trend in recent years, with a total of 36,624 citations, an average of 23.74 citations per paper, and an h-index of 83. Through the analysis of clustering networks and high-frequency keywords, the research hotspot on single mothers mainly focuses on four aspects: the psychological health of single mothers, the economic and employment status of single mothers, the children of single mothers, and the social support of single mothers.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"141 S264","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135777137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Johan Syahid Jauhari, Norain Mod Asri, Azrina Abdullah Al-Hadi
{"title":"IMPAK MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN GULA","authors":"Muhammad Johan Syahid Jauhari, Norain Mod Asri, Azrina Abdullah Al-Hadi","doi":"10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.01","url":null,"abstract":"Media sosial kini menjadi platform penting yang efektif dalam penyebaran pelbagai maklumat termasuklah informasi berkaitan kesihatan. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti impak media sosial dalam mempengaruhi penggunaan gula di kalangan belia sekitar Lembah Klang. Menerusi aplikasi Model Penerimaan Teknologi (TAM) dan kaedah kualitatif (temubual mendalam) yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan NVIVO, empat dapatan diperolehi. Pertama, persepsi kebergunaan menunjukkan kebanyakan informan menggunakan media sosial untuk mencari informasi kesihatan mengenai pengambilan gula terutama yang boleh memberi pengetahuan kepada diri sendiri mengenai penjagaan kesihatan y ang berkait dengan gula. Kedua, menerusi persepsi kemudahan penggunaan, informan berpandangan bahawa media sosial merupakan medium perantaraan yang mudah untuk memperolehi sebarang maklumat terkini berkaitan kesihatan gula. Ketiga, di bawah perubahan tingkah laku, maklumat yang diperolehi dari media sosial mengenai kesihatan gula juga didapati telah mendorong kepada perubahan tingkah laku individu yang positif. Akhir sekali, perubahan tingkah laku tersebut turut mengubah niat pembelian dan penggunaan sebenar produk bergula. Implikasinya dari dapatan dari kajian ini telah membolehkan kepentingan media sosial dalam penyebaran maklumat berkaitan kesihatan terutama sekali penggunaan gula dapat diketahui dengan jelas.","PeriodicalId":492362,"journal":{"name":"e-Bangi Journal of social science and humanities","volume":"141 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135777138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}