Health Reports最新文献

{"title":"Are \"immortals\" an issue for survival estimates derived from Canadian Cancer Registry data?","authors":"Larry F Ellison","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202301200002-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202301200002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The validity of survival estimates from cancer registry data depends, in part, on the identification of the deaths of deceased cancer patients. People whose deaths are missed seemingly live on forever and are informally referred to as \"immortals.\" Their presence in registry data can result in inflated survival estimates. This study assesses the issue of immortals in the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) using a recently proposed method that compares the survival of long-term survivors of cancers for which \"statistical\" cure has been reported with that of similar people from the general population.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data are from the population-based CCR record linked to the Canadian Vital Statistics - Death Database and tax data. Yearly interval-specific relative survival (IRS) estimates were derived up to 15 years after diagnosis for colon cancer cases, and for colon, rectal and melanoma cancer cases combined, diagnosed from 1992 to 2002.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With increasing follow-up time since diagnosis, national colon cancer IRS estimates levelled off at 1.00, or slightly less, for each age group studied, indicating that survival did not exceed that of the general population. Similar results were obtained among males and females, and for colon, rectal and melanoma cancer cases combined. Provincial IRS point estimates for the three cancers combined also levelled off around 1.00, though with more variation in the estimates than at the national level.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Based on the results of this study, immortals do not appear to be an issue at either the national or the provincial level for survival estimates derived from CCR data.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 12","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139081026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersecting risk factors for physical inactivity among Canadian adults.","authors":"Rachel C Colley, Michelle Guerrero, Tracey Bushnik","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202301100002-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202301100002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>On average, 45% of Canadian adults meet the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. This singular statistic masks a wide range of adherence levels among different groups within the population. The purpose of this paper is to determine how sex, age, and family arrangement intersect with known risk factors for physical inactivity to identify groups within the Canadian population most at risk of not meeting the physical activity recommendation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using six combined cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (from 2007 to 2019), this study examines how the percentage of Canadian males and females aged 18 to 79 years meeting the physical activity recommendation differs across sociodemographic, family arrangement, and health factors. Logistic regression was used to examine whether the association between specific factors and adherence to the physical activity recommendation differed by sex. Latent class analysis was used to identify sex-specific combinations of sociodemographic, family arrangement and health-related factors within the Canadian population that are associated with varying levels of adherence to the physical activity recommendation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More males met the physical activity recommendation compared with females (49% versus 38%). Latent classes with the lowest adherence to the physical activity recommendation (19% among females and 29% among males) primarily included those who were single or married with no children and who had a high probability of having many risk factors for physical inactivity, including being older, having a lower education, having lower income, smoking, having central adiposity, and having poor or fair self-rated general health. Latent classes with the highest adherence to the physical activity recommendation (61% among females and 67% among males) primarily included individuals with no spouse and no children and who had a low probability of having any risk factors for physical inactivity. For females, an additional class (32% of which met the physical activity recommendation) comprised young single mothers who had several risk factors for physical inactivity, including having low income, smoking and having central adiposity.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Understanding how risk factors for physical inactivity intersect with sex, age, and family arrangement may inform strategies aimed at increasing physical activity among those who are most vulnerable.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 11","pages":"12-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex differences in COVID-19 deaths in the early months of the pandemic in Canada: An examination with an immigration lens.","authors":"Edward Ng","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202301100001-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202301100001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an overrepresentation of males in COVID-19 deaths worldwide, with Canada reporting more female COVID-19 deaths. This paper examines the overrepresentation of female COVID-19 deaths in Canada, with an immigration lens.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the COVID-19 Sex-Disaggregated Data Tracker to compare the sex distribution of COVID-19 deaths in Canada with that of other countries. A linkage of deaths to the Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) allows for the comparison of sex-specific COVID-19 death rates by immigrant status for age and geography, as well as by major employment sector among immigrants, using the tax data from the IMDB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While there were proportionately more female than male COVID-19 deaths in Canada in the early months of the pandemic, this trend was mainly a phenomenon among non-immigrants aged 85 and older. In addition, COVID-19-specific death rates for males were higher than those for females across age groups by immigrant status, except for those aged 85 and older among the non-immigrant population. Among immigrants, the death rate among health care and social assistance workers was higher among males than among females (10.7 vs. 2.9 per 100,000 population). The initially observed overrepresentation of female COVID-19 deaths to male COVID-19 deaths in Canada evened out in the summer of 2021.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The higher proportion of female COVID-19 deaths was likely related to the high concentration of COVID-19 deaths in long-term care facilities, where a lower institutionalization rate for immigrants had been observed. Since the implementation of vaccination targeting long-term care facility residents in Canada, the overrepresentation of female COVID-19 deaths ceased.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 11","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and screen time among Canadian adults.","authors":"Rachel C Colley,&nbsp;Travis J Saunders","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202301000002-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202301000002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Canadian and international research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in health behaviours, including participation in physical activity and screen time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Canadian Community Health Survey asks Canadian adults (aged 18 to 64 years) and older adults (aged 65 and older) to report the time they spend active by domain: recreation, transportation, and household and/or occupation. Survey respondents are also asked to report their screen time on days they worked and days they did not work. The present analysis compares the physical activity from four cross-sectional samples collected during 2018 (n=50,093), January to mid-March 2020 (n=13,933), September to December 2020 (n=25,661) and January 2021 to February 2022 (n=45,742). Screen time is compared between 2018 and 2021. Sub-annual analyses examine how physical activity and screen time varied within and between years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage of 18- to 64-year-old women meeting the physical activity recommendation did not change from 2018 (54.3%) to 2021 (55.1%), while a slight decrease was observed among men (63.0% in 2018 to 59.8% in 2021). The percentage of adults aged 65 years and older meeting the recommendation increased from 2018 to 2021 among both men (40.7% to 43.8%) and women (33.4% to 36.9%). Total physical activity decreased by 17.5 minutes per week among 18- to 64-year-old men and increased by 8.4 minutes per week among 18- to 64-year-old women. Men and women aged 65 and older increased their total physical activity by about 30 minutes per week from 2018 to 2021. The percentage of 18- to 64-year-old adults in the lowest screen time category decreased from 53.9% in 2018 to 45.0% in 2021 on work days and from 37.8% in 2018 to 28.0% in 2021 on non-work days. The percentage of adults aged 65 and older in the lowest screen time category decreased from 49.4% in 2018 to 37.8% in 2021 on work days and from 29.4% in 2018 to 21.5% in 2021 on non-work days.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Physical activity among men aged 18 to 64 years decreased from 2018 to 2021, while women of this age group maintained their physical activity. Older adults increased their physical activity from 2018 to 2021. Many Canadian adults shifted from the lowest screen time category (two hours or less per day) to the highest screen time category (four hours or more per day) during the 2020 and 2021 pandemic years. It is unknown whether the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and screen time will persist over time. Ongoing surveillance of the longer-term impacts of the pandemic on the health behaviours of Canadians is important.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 10","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and screen time among Canadian youth.","authors":"Rachel C Colley,&nbsp;Travis J Saunders","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202301000001-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202301000001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in health behaviours, including participation in physical activity and screen time. The purpose of this paper is to examine trends in physical activity and screen time among Canadian youth from January 2018 to February 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Canadian Community Health Survey asks Canadian youth (aged 12 to 17 years) to report the time they spend active by domain: recreation, transportation, school and household. Survey respondents are also asked to report their screen time on school days and non-school days. The present analysis compares the physical activity from four cross-sectional samples collected during 2018 (January to December; n=3,952), January to March 2020 (n=911), September to December 2020 (n=1,573), and January 2021 to February 2022 (n=3,501). Screen time is compared between 2018 and 2021/2022. Sub-annual descriptive analyses examine how physical activity and screen time varied within and between these years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before the COVID-19 pandemic, half of Canadian youth met the physical activity recommendation (2018: 49.6%; January to March 2020: 53.7%). The percentage meeting the recommendation dropped in the first year of the pandemic (September to December 2020: 37.3%) and recovered slightly in 2021 (43.8%). From 2018 to 2021, total physical activity dropped by 8.3 minutes per day (58.1 minutes per week) among girls and by 2.1 minutes per day (14.7 minutes per week) among boys. The percentage of youth meeting the screen time recommendation on school days dropped from 40.7% in 2018 to 29.1% in 2021 and from 21.4% in 2018 to 13.2% in 2021 on non-school days.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on the physical activity and screen time of youth, in particular among girls. This analysis provides an update on how the pandemic has continued to affect the physical activity and screen habits of youth in 2020, 2021, and early 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 10","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cybervictimization and mental health among Canadian youth.","authors":"Mila Kingsbury,&nbsp;Rubab Arim","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202300900001-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202300900001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cybervictimization has emerged as a potentially serious form of victimization and has been associated with negative mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, disordered eating, and suicidality. However, very little research has examined the prevalence and correlates of cybervictimization among diverse subpopulations of youth.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data from 13,602 adolescents aged 12 to 17 were drawn from the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth. Adolescents reported on their experiences of cybervictimization in the past 12 months, general mental health, and eating disorder symptoms; adolescents aged 15 to 17 reported on suicidal ideation and attempt; and parents reported on problems with depression and anxiety. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of experiencing cybervictimization according to characteristics, including gender identity, population group, same-gender attraction, low family income, and the presence of chronic conditions and digital media habits. Logistic regression models were also used to estimate the odds of experiencing each mental health difficulty by sociodemographic characteristics and experience of cybervictimization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The odds of experiencing cybervictimization were higher among transgender and non-binary youth, females attracted to the same gender or unsure of their attraction, and adolescents living with chronic conditions (particularly females and those living in low-income households). Cybervictimization was consistently associated with a greater risk of poor general mental health, depression or anxiety, eating disorder symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. These associations did not differ according to the sociodemographic characteristics assessed. In terms of digital media habits, lower frequencies of use were generally associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing cybervictimization.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>While certain population groups appear to be at a higher risk of experiencing cybervictimization, the experience of cybervictimization is associated with similar mental health indicators for all adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 9","pages":"3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime probability of developing cancer and dying from cancer in Canada, 1997 to 2020.","authors":"JaiQi L Liu,&nbsp;Shary Xinyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Billette,&nbsp;Alain A Demers","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202300900002-eng","DOIUrl":"10.25318/82-003-x202300900002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The lifetime probabilities of developing (LP_dev) cancer and dying (LP_dying) from cancer are useful summary statistics that describe the impact of cancer within a population. This study aims to present detailed LP_dev and LP_dying for cancer by sex and cancer type and to describe changes in these lifetime probabilities over time among the Canadian population.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Cancer incidence data (1997 to 2018) were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry. All-cause and cancer mortality data (1997 to 2020) were obtained from the Canadian Vital Statistics - Death Database. LP_dev and LP_dying were calculated using the DevCan software, and trends over time were estimated using Joinpoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LP_dev for all cancers combined was 44.3% in Canada in 2018, with all results excluding Quebec. At the age of 60, the conditional probability of developing cancer was very similar (44.0% for males and 38.2% for females). The LP_dying was 22.5% among the Canadian population in 2020, while the probability of dying from cancer conditional on surviving until age 60 was 25.1% for males and 20.5% for females. Generally, males experienced higher LP_dev and LP_dying for most specific cancers compared with females.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>LP_dev and LP_dying for cancer mirror cancer incidence and mortality rates. Cancer-specific changes in these probabilities over time are indicative of the cancer trends resulting from cancer prevention, screening, detection, and treatment. These changes in LP_dev and LP_dying provide insight into the shifting landscape of the Canadian cancer burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 9","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the Children's Intrinsic Needs Satisfaction Scale in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth.","authors":"Colin A Capaldi,&nbsp;Laura L Ooi","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202300800002-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202300800002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Public Health Agency of Canada monitors the psychological and social well-being of Canadian youth using the Children's Intrinsic Needs Satisfaction Scale (CINSS). Validation analyses of the CINSS have been conducted, but not in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth (CHSCY), a more recent and representative national survey with a different sampling frame, collection method and other measured outcomes. This study tested the validity of the CINSS in the 2019 CHSCY.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data were collected in all provinces and territories from February 11 to August 2, 2019. The CINSS was administered to respondents aged 12 to 17 years and was designed to assess relatedness, autonomy and competence at home, at school and with friends. Descriptive statistics for CINSS items and subscales were obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test how well a correlated traits correlated uniqueness (CTCU) model fit the CINSS data. Associations with mental health and other psychosocial variables were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, items within the CINSS were correlated in expected ways, and support was found for a CTCU model in the CFA. While response distributions on the CINSS items were skewed, the CINSS subscales had acceptable internal consistency and were associated with self-rated mental health, happiness, life satisfaction, perceived stress, bullying victimization and behaviour problems in line with expectations.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study supports the validity of the CINSS. Inclusion of the CINSS in future youth health surveys would allow for continued public health surveillance of the psychological and social well-being of youth in Canada.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 8","pages":"16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10523040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The local restaurant environment in relation to eating out and sugary drink intake among Canadian children and youth.","authors":"Jane Y Polsky,&nbsp;Didier Garriguet","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202300800001-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202300800001-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accessibility of food retail in communities may play a role in shaping the food choices of local residents. However, previous studies have shown mixed results. This study examined associations between the local restaurant environment and the frequency of eating food from restaurants and intake of sugary drinks among Canadian children and youth.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>The study cohort consisted of 23,776 participants (aged 1 to 17 years) in the 2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth who resided in large urban population centres across the Canadian provinces. Measures of geographic access to various restaurant types within walking distance of participants' residential areas came from the 2018 Canadian Food Environment Dataset. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors assessed associations between measures of absolute densities (number per km²) of full-service, fast-food and other restaurants, and the relative density of fast-food restaurants (as a percentage of total restaurants) with the frequency of eating food from fast-food or full-service restaurants and sugary drink intake in the previous seven days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for a range of sociodemographic covariates, there were no consistent associations between absolute and relative measures of restaurant access and the frequency of eating food from restaurants or intake of sugary drinks.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Results reveal no consistent relationships between local restaurant exposures and the frequency of eating food from restaurants or sugary drink intake among Canadian children and youth. Efforts to create environments that foster healthy food choices among young people will remain important but will likely need to target multiple activity spaces beyond the local neighbourhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 8","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10150240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence of household air conditioning in Canada.","authors":"Matthew Quick,&nbsp;Michael Tjepkema","doi":"10.25318/82-003-x202300700002-eng","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25318/82-003-x202300700002-eng","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Household air conditioning is one of the most effective approaches for reducing the health impacts of heat exposure; however, few studies have measured the prevalence of household air conditioning in Canada.</p><p><strong>Data and methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the 2017 Canadian Community Health Survey and the 2017 Households and the Environment Survey. Statistics Canada linked the survey respondents and created survey weights. Four heat-vulnerable populations were defined: older adults, older adults living alone, older adults with at least one health condition associated with reduced thermoregulation and older adults living alone and with a health condition associated with reduced thermoregulation. Weighted ratios and logistic regression models were used to analyze person-level air conditioning rates for national, regional and heat-vulnerable populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 61% of the national population had household air conditioning. Regional rates ranged between 32% in British Columbia and 85% in Ontario. People living alone and people who did not own a home were significantly less likely to have air conditioning in Canada and in most regions. One heat vulnerable group, older adults living alone, had significantly lower air conditioning rates compared with the national and Ontario averages, at 56% and 81%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study is the first to quantify air conditioning prevalence in Canada at the person-level. The results of this study may inform heat-health policies and climate change adaptation strategies that aim to identify populations with high risks of heat-related mortality or morbidity and low access to household air conditioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":49196,"journal":{"name":"Health Reports","volume":"34 7","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}