the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging最新文献

{"title":"The value of artificial intelligence in PSMA PET: a pathway to improved efficiency and results.","authors":"Habibollah Dadgar, Xiaotong Hong, Reza Karimzadeh, Bulat Ibragimov, Jafar Majidpour, Hossein Arabi, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Aysar N Khalaf, Farah M Anwar, Fahad Marafi, Mohamad Haidar, Esmail Jafari, Amin Zarei, Majid Assadi","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03640-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03640-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This systematic review investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving the accuracy and efficiency of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) scans for detecting metastatic prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted across Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Key search terms included \"artificial intelligence,\" \"machine learning,\" \"deep learning,\" \"prostate cancer,\" and \"PSMA PET.\" The PICO framework guided the selection of studies focusing on AI's application in evaluating PSMA PET scans for staging lymph node and distant metastasis in prostate cancer patients. Inclusion criteria prioritized original English-language articles published up to October 2024, excluding studies using non-PSMA radiotracers, those analyzing only the CT component of PSMA PET-CT, studies focusing solely on intra-prostatic lesions, and non-original research articles.</p><p><strong>Evidence synthesis: </strong>The review included 22 studies, with a mix of prospective and retrospective designs. AI algorithms employed included machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The studies explored various applications of AI, including improving diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, differentiation from benign lesions, standardization of reporting, and predicting treatment response. Results showed high sensitivity (62% to 97%) and accuracy (AUC up to 98%) in detecting metastatic disease, but also significant variability in positive predictive value (39.2% to 66.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AI demonstrates significant promise in enhancing PSMA PET scan analysis for metastatic prostate cancer, offering improved efficiency and potentially better diagnostic accuracy. However, the variability in performance and the \"black box\" nature of some algorithms highlight the need for larger prospective studies, improved model interpretability, and the continued involvement of experienced nuclear medicine physicians in interpreting AI-assisted results. AI should be considered a valuable adjunct, not a replacement, for expert clinical judgment.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the global evolution of PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy in prostate cancer: clinical advancements, future directions, and challenges.","authors":"Gaia Ninatti, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Sze T Lee, Andrew M Scott","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03635-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03635-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radioligand therapy (PSMA RLT) has recently emerged as a promising treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Building on the success of PSMA PET diagnostics, PSMA RLT has attracted interest from both research institutions and pharmaceutical companies, leading to a progressive increase in clinical trials over the past decade. In 2022, the first PSMA RLT agent, [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, was approved by the FDA and EMA for the treatment of mCRPC patients progressing after standard therapies. Since then, the number of centers offering PSMA RLT has grown rapidly worldwide. In March 2025, the FDA expanded the indication for [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to include taxane chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC patients. Current research studies are focusing on expanding the indications for PSMA RLT, developing new PSMA-targeting agents, exploring alternative radionuclides such as alpha and Auger electron emitters, and investigating combination strategies. Despite these advancements, several significant challenges remain in clinical implementation, global access, and availability. To present, there is high variability among different countries and institutions in patient selection and treatment protocols. Moreover, the distribution of centers offering the treatment is highly heterogeneous, with significant disparities across different countries. Furthermore, workforce shortages are already hindering its widespread diffusion and are expected to limit its expansion, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Many barriers need to be overcome in the coming years to standardize treatment protocols, guarantee fair global access to the treatment, and achieve widespread accessibility. Addressing these challenges is crucial to maximize the potential of PSMA RLT as a leading treatment for prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spondylodiscitis.","authors":"Edel Noriega-Álvarez, Ringo Manta, Andor W Glaudemans, Olivier Gheysens, Virginia Peiró","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03619-2","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03619-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of spondylodiscitis remains a challenge for clinicians. It results from various causative agents and conditions that can be challenging to identify. Prompt and appropriate treatment are necessary to prevent long-term irreversible complications and sequelae. The diagnosis of spondylodiscitis often constitutes a major challenge for the clinicians, and relies on the combination of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings. Various imaging techniques can be used for the workup of spondylodiscitis, with magnetic resonance imaging and 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography, combined with a CT being the most commonly used in daily practice. The aim of this review is to provide general information about indications and protocols for [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT imaging in spinal infections, focusing on spondylodiscitis, in adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"17-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[18F]FDG PET/CT imaging of giant cell arteritis: contemporary practical guide to image acquisition and interpretation.","authors":"Phillip Yin, Gad Abikhzer, Jean-Louis Alberini, Riemer H Slart","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03611-8","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03611-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common of the large vessel vasculitides, with [¹⁸F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT indicated for evaluation of suspected large vessel involvement. Advances in PET/CT technology, particularly with digital PET, have significantly improved the assessment of cranial artery involvement in GCA. Recent guidelines have been updated to incorporate [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of GCA. This review article provides a practical guide to the most recent recommendations regarding PET/CT study indications, image acquisition and interpretation criteria for GCA, while discussing potential pitfalls and future research directions in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDG PET/CT for imaging of infection and inflammation: a practical approach.","authors":"Gad Abikhzer, Ora Israel","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03624-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03624-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of FDG PET/CT in bacteremia and fever of unknown origin: a pictorial overview of finding the culprit.","authors":"Ayah A Nawwar, Soren Hess, Lucia Leccisotti, Francois Jamar, Edel Noriega-Alvarez, Domenico Albano, Olivier Gheysens","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03618-0","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03618-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>¹⁸F fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has established itself as a critical diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with bacteremia and fever of unknown origin (FUO), particularly following futile conventional investigations. These conditions are often challenging due to diverse underlying etiologies, including infections, inflammatory conditions and malignancies. PET/CT has the advantage of being a whole-body imaging technique with high sensitivity for detecting areas of increased metabolism often associated with infection or inflammation. In bacteremia, [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT can help identify metastatic infections, endocarditis, or abscesses which may be clinically silent and missed on conventional imaging. In FUO, it helps to identify underlying etiologies, directing treatment and management strategies. This review aims to describe the role of PET/CT imaging in these diverse clinical scenarios. Perspectives in the field, including novel equipment and tracers, will be briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"4-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[18F]FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular infections: a practical approach.","authors":"Hanan Zahed, Matthieu Pelletier-Galarneau, Gad Abikhzer","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03616-7","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03616-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular infections have a high mortality rate requiring prompt diagnosis and timely management. [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic imaging modality for various cardiovascular infections, including infective endocarditis (IE) and cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections, particularly when the diagnosis remains challenging. In this article, we provide an overview of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of IE and CIED-related infections, the indications for ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT and its incremental role in establishing diagnosis as well as illustrate a variety of clinical cases and discuss interpretation criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FDG PET/CT in vascular graft infection: a pictorial review.","authors":"Manar Badarna, Zohar Keidar, Elite Arnon-Sheleg","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03612-X","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03612-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular graft infections (VGI) are rare but severe complications following vascular surgery, with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing VGI requires a multidisciplinary approach combining clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings. While CTA remains the first-line imaging modality, its limitations in detecting chronic or low-grade infections highlight the value of advanced nuclear medicine techniques, particularly [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT. In this review, we discuss the role of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in diagnosing VGI, emphasizing its high sensitivity and negative predictive value, which are critical for ruling out infection. Nevertheless, there are currently no universally accepted criteria for analyzing PET/CT findings in VGI, which poses challenges for consistent interpretation and clinical decision-making. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of FDG PET/CT imaging in the context of VGI by exploring visual grading scales, uptake patterns, and semi-quantitative parameters while highlighting potential pitfalls such as post-surgical inflammation and false-positive results due to graft materials or surgical adhesives. Through a series of illustrative cases, we outline characteristic imaging patterns of infected and non-infected grafts, offering practical guidance for accurate interpretation. Additionally, we discuss the evolving role of FDG PET/CT in assessing treatment response and guiding follow-up in VGI management. This pictorial review seeks to enhance diagnostic accuracy and bridge the gap in standardized PET/CT interpretation criteria, ultimately contributing to improved patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteomyelitis in complicated bones: the role of FDG PET/CT.","authors":"Alfred Ankrah, Honest Ndlovu, Kgomotso Mokoala, Mike Sathekge","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03623-4","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03623-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteomyelitis in infections encompasses heterogeneous group of condition that frequently have high morbidity and comes at a huge cost to healthcare system. Accurate and early diagnosis is important for the proper management of the condition. FDG PET/CT has been found useful in the osteomyelitis of complicated bones, including prosthetic joint infections, fracture related infections and sternal wound infections. The altered anatomy and the replacement of marrow in some cases of metallic implant makes the use of anatomic-based methods less optimal. FDG PET/CT has been found to be useful under these circumstances, however, it also has its own limitation of lack of specificity especially due to inflammation. Recent meta-analysis of the role of FDG PET/CT in complicated osteomyelitis have result in the validation defined the indications for its use. This has led to the publication of best use criteria and recommendations of by joint committees of major nuclear medicine societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[18F]FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of diabetic foot osteomyelitis.","authors":"Aubert Roy, Huy LE, Gad Abikhzer","doi":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03614-3","DOIUrl":"10.23736/S1824-4785.25.03614-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infected foot ulcers are common complications in diabetic patients and frequently progress to osteomyelitis. [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a practical and accurate imaging modality to differentiate between soft tissue infection and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). This study describes [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT indications, diagnostic accuracy, imaging protocols, interpretation criteria and pitfalls for the work-up of DFO.</p>","PeriodicalId":49135,"journal":{"name":"the Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging","volume":" ","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}