Revista Internacional De Andrologia最新文献

{"title":"Aspectos médico-legales de la vasectomía","authors":"César Vargas-Blasco , Carles Martin-Fumadó , Josep Arimany-Manso","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49890004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related histopathological and biochemical testicular damages were ameliorated by vitamin C administration","authors":"Fatemeh Heidari ,&nbsp;Naghmeh Kian ,&nbsp;Nahid Azad ,&nbsp;Hossein Chiti ,&nbsp;Mohammadjavad Freidouni ,&nbsp;Farzaneh Fakheri ,&nbsp;Abbas Aliaghaei ,&nbsp;Shabnam Abdi ,&nbsp;Maryam Salimi ,&nbsp;Amir Raoofi ,&nbsp;Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar ,&nbsp;Vahid Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><p>Aging is an irreversible process associated with decreased biological functions that can lead to the reduction of reproductive organs capacities in males and females. Paternal age is a significant predictor of offspring health and development. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on histopathological and biochemical testicular changes following aging process with a focus on stereological methods.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>For this study, 48 adult male NMRI mice were divided into two control and experimental groups. Mice in experimental group were supplemented with vitamin C (150<!--> <!-->mg/kg) including 24-h interval by oral gavage for 33 weeks. Same regime was performed for animals in control group except that vitamin C was replaced by water. Then, right testes were extracted for stereological and left testes were used for molecular analyses on weeks 8, 12, and 33.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our findings showed low semen quality, decreased level of serum Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone along with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and higher apoptotic gene expression following aging. Stereological studies showed that the volume of testes, the length of seminiferous tubules, and the number of spermatogenic and none-spermatogenic cells decreased significantly during aging. Also, vitamin C consumption for 33 weeks significantly improved biochemical and histological indices. The impact of aging on male reproduction seems to be inevitable worldwide. Therefore, the use of protective and preventive remedies conserving male fecundity is very important and based on our results, vitamin C is a beneficial candidate for improving age-related testicular changes due to aging process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9635421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between interleukin-6 and lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia","authors":"Zhang Qiang,&nbsp;Jiang Kang,&nbsp;Huo Ri-cha,&nbsp;Zhang Jun-qiang,&nbsp;Yang Zhi-gang","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the association between IL-6 in prostatic tissue/blood sample and BPH-LUTS, so as to preliminarily discover an indicator of inflammation that could show the severity of LUTS.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>The prostatic tissues and blood samples were collected from 56 patients who underwent transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (TUPKRP). The association between IL-6 detected on prostatic tissues/blood sample and LUTS parameters, including international prostate symptom score (IPSS), peak flow rate (<em>Q</em>_max) and urodynamic parameters were analyzed with SPSS version 18.0, and <em>p</em>-value &lt;0.05 was chosen as the criterion for statistical significance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The TPSA and prostate volume (PV) were found to be higher in the inflammation group (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.021, 0.036). There was a positive association between prostate tissue inflammation and LUTS ([IPSS, storage symptoms score (SSS), voiding symptoms score (VSS), <em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05], [<em>Q</em>_max, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.025], [obstruction, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027] and [AUR, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.018]). The level of serum IL-6 was significantly higher in inflammatory group (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.008). However, no differences were observed in different degrees of inflammation (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.393). The level of IL-6 in prostatic tissue significantly increased with the degree of inflammation (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001), and the intensity of IL-6 expression was statistically correlative with the degree of inflammation (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <span>0.001). The IL-6 expression in prostatic tissue was statistically relevant with IPSS (</span><em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.018) and SSS (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.012).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>IL-6 expression in prostatic tissue is associated with storage IPSS, suggesting chronic inflammation might contribute to storage LUTS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9266124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of DNA fragments with routine semen parameters and lifestyle and their impact on assisted reproductive outcomes","authors":"Chen Du,&nbsp;Ya Tuo","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.androl.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigated the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and routine semen evaluation parameters in male infertile patients, the influencing factors, and the impact of the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) on embryo quality and clinical outcomes in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Sperm DFI and semen routine parameters of 6160 infertile men admitted between June 2017 and June 2018 were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to their DFI: low-DFI (DFI</span> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->15%), medium-DFI (15%<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->DFI<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->30%), and high-DFI (DFI<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->30%). The correlations of DFI with patients’ age, sperm concentration, sperm percentage of forward movement and sperm percentage of normal shape were analyzed. The clinical data of 5040 infertile couples who received IVF treatment between June 2016 and 2021 and had embryos transferred in a fresh cycle were reviewed. The fertilization rate, cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, and pregnancy rate in different DFI groups were compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Semen evaluation parameters (concentration, spermatozoa with progressive motility, and the normal morphology rate), the high-quality embryo rate, blastocyst development rate, and pregnancy rate in the high-DFI group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups. The correlation analysis revealed that sperm DFI was negatively correlated with semen concentration, sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology and positively correlated with the man's age, BMI, and unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). There was no significant difference in the number of mature eggs and normal fertilization rate among groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A strong correlation exists between sperm DFI and semen evaluation parameters. Smoking, drinking, and other unhealthy habits lead to an increase in DFI, reducing the high-quality embryo rate and blastocyst development rate and affecting pregnancy outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 2","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9635389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive ranges in infertile couples with male factor","authors":"Antonia María Salazar Mederos ,&nbsp;Pedro Ramón Gutiérrez Hernández ,&nbsp;Yanira Ortega González ,&nbsp;Stephany Hess Medler","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Depression is not uncommon among infertile couples. The objective of the study is to analyze factors that predict depression in these couples, when they are in Assisted Reproduction Techniques programs.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><p>We analyze the level of depression in couples referred from the Human Reproduction Unit to study the male factor using the Beck Depression Inventory and the clinical information contained in the SARAplus program.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Depressive ranges appear in approximately half of the participants. The degree of depression correlates in a statistically significant way between both members of the couple. Among the analyzed clinical factors, we observed relational tendency between depression and obesity and depression and smoking.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Depression in infertile couples is a fact. ART specialists should be on the lookout for symptoms of depression in order to provide patients psychological and psychiatric care and treatments, as part of the overall therapeutic framework for infertility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10849655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacto de la morfología espermática en las tasas de embarazo con inseminación intrauterina","authors":"Jorge Geraldo Orrego ,&nbsp;Antonio Mackenna Iñiguez ,&nbsp;Juan Enrique Schwarze Meza ,&nbsp;Victoria Ortega Parraguez ,&nbsp;Johanna Carrasco Rojas ,&nbsp;Cristián Palma Ceppi","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.androl.2021.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><p>Sperm morphology has been used as a prognostic factor in <em>in vitro</em> fertilization, however, in intrauterine insemination (IUI) its predictive role is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of sperm morphology as isolated parameter of the spermiogram has on the probability of pregnancy in couples that are treated with IUI.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Retrospective study of IUI cycles performed in the Reproductive Medicine Unit of Clínica Las Condes between January 2016 and December 2018. Logistic regression of the following variables: sperm morphology grouped in 0-1%, 2-3% and<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->4%, total progressively motile sperm count inseminated, age of the woman and the man.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 385 cases were included and clinical pregnancy was diagnosed in 85 of them. When separating into groups of sperm morphology<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->4% and<!--> <!-->≥<!--> <!-->4%, the pregnancy rate was 22% in both groups. The age of the woman was the only statistically significant factor in the logistic regression. The area under the ROC curve of sperm morphology as a predictor of pregnancy was 0.53.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study concludes that sperm morphology should not be considered as a single parameter when deciding whether or not a couple can be treated with IUI, eliminating isolated teratozoospermia as a direct indication for <em>in vitro</em> fertilization. It was not possible to determine a cut-off point for sperm morphology that serves as a predictor of pregnancy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49844661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low testosterone levels as an independent risk factor for mortality in male patients with COVID-19: Report of a Single-Center Cohort Study in Mexico","authors":"Ana Lilia Peralta-Amaro ,&nbsp;Emily Itzel Pecero-García ,&nbsp;José Guadalupe Valadez-Calderón ,&nbsp;Julio César Ramírez-Ventura ,&nbsp;Luis Alonso Coria-Moctezuma ,&nbsp;Jaime Enrique Hernández-Utrera","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><p>Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a greater severity and lethality of the disease has been highlighted in male patients, so we set out to evaluate the prognostic role of serum testosterone levels in the clinical results of this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this single-center and cross-sectional design, we included male patients admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 confirmed diagnosis. The biochemical analysis included lymphocytes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Receiver operating characteristic curves, univariate and bivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis were performed. A <em>p</em> value<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05 was consider significant.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 86 men included, 48.8% died. TT levels were lower in non-survivor patients than in survivor patients (4.01<!--> <!-->nmol/L [0.29–14.93] vs 5.41 (0.55–25.08) nmol/L, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.021). The independent risk factors that increased the relative risk (RR) of dying from COVID-19 were: age<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->59 years (RR 3.5 [95% IC 1.0–11.6], <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.045), TT levels<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->4.89<!--> <!-->nmol/L (RR 4.0 [95% IC 1.2–13.5], <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027) and LDH levels<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->597<!--> <!-->IU/L (RR 3.9 [95% IC 1.2–13.1], <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.024). Patients who required mechanical ventilation (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.025), had lymphopenia (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.013) and LDH levels<!--> <!-->&gt;<!--> <!-->597<!--> <!-->IU/L (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.034), had significantly lower TT levels compared to those who did not present these conditions. There were no differences in TT levels between patients who had or did not have comorbidities.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A TT level<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->4.89<!--> <!-->nmol/L increase four times the RR of death from COVID-19 in men, regardless of age or presence of comorbidities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9576254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9406547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human papillomavirus in men","authors":"Sergio Isidro Gamboa-Hoil","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To describe the clinical behavior of human papillomavirus in men.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Current international literature was reviewed to describe the clinical behavior of human papillomavirus in men.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Internationally, the overall prevalence of HPV DNA is 50.8%, HPV considered high risk are 14 types. Prevalence of HPV DNA in invasive penile cancer ranges from 33.1% to 47%. HPV-16 has been the most frequent (68.3%), followed by HPV-6 (8.1%) and HPV-18 (6.9%). Positive HPV is described as an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is not clear why HPV infection has a predilection in specific areas of the genital tract. However, it is important to note that there are factors that increase the risk of HPV infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eficacia y seguridad de la testosterona en el tratamiento del deseo sexual hipoactivo en mujeres: ¿qué dice la evidencia?","authors":"Franklin José Espitia De La Hoz","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.androl.2021.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To determine the efficacy and safety of testosterone in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire in women.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>A systematic review of the literature was carried out in different electronic databases (CINAHL, DynaMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, Medline, Scopus, among others), between January 1990 and May 2021; through standardized search terms. The outcomes evaluated included the efficacy and safety of testosterone in increasing sexual desire, the total number of satisfactory sexual activity, the number of orgasms and the level of distress in patients with hypoactive sexual desire and the proportion of adverse reactions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>72 articles were included. The use of testosterone, in postmenopausal women, with hypoactive sexual desire, reports a positive effect on sexual function, with significant increases in satisfactory sexual activity, as well as improvement in all domains of sexual function (desire, arousal and orgasmic response) and a decrease in personal anguish, with an increase in the Female Sexual Function Index score. In women of childbearing age, testosterone is formulated for “off-label” use, in such a way that compounds and doses designed for treatments in men or magisterial formulas are used (which are not approved by consensus groups or endorsed by research), but has not shown any effect on sexual function. The most frequent adverse reactions are usually hirsutism and acne, although in general testosterone, at physiological doses, has a favorable safety profile.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Testosterone is an effective and safe therapy in the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women after menopause. Currently there are no studies available to support the use of testosterone therapy in women of reproductive age, therefore, its use is not approved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49844662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neisseria meningitidis y el aumento del sexo oral. A propósito de un caso","authors":"Jaime Borràs ,&nbsp;Carles Alonso-Tarrés ,&nbsp;Alvaro Vives ,&nbsp;Juan Palou","doi":"10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.androl.2021.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urethritis is an entity characterized by dysuria and purulent urethral discharge, generally acquired sexually. <em>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</em> is one of the most frequently responsible microorganisms. <em>Neisseria meningitidis</em> is a gram-negative diplococcus usually isolated in the pharynx, that occasionally causes meningococcal meningitis, being unusual it's isolation in the anogenital area where it could be a genitourinary pathogen.</p><p>We present the case of a 25-years-old heterosexual male who, after a heterosexual intercourse with an occasional non-professional partner, including oral and vaginal sex, presented with symptoms of urethritis, orienting to a sexually transmitted infection. The bacteriological culture for <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> was negative and the PCR for <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> was positive. Subsequently, the lab reported a positive bacteriological culture for sero-group C <em>N. meningitidis</em>, sensitive to ceftriaxone and a negative PCR for <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em>.</p><p><em>N. meningitidis</em> is the main cause of bacterial meningitis, but genomic studies have suggested that alleles of nitrate reductase, factor-H biding protein and capsule are associated with <em>N. meningitidis</em> isolation in genitourinary infections. Transmission from the oropharynx to the urethra through orogenital contact in unprotected oral sex has been widely proven.</p><p><em>N. meningitidis</em> prevalence as the cause of the urethritis is low, and the asymptomatic carriers in the urethra are extremely rare.</p><p>PCR is a method for the <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em> and <em>C.</em> <em>trachomatis</em> diagnoses, but it does not detect <em>N. meningitidis</em>. The gonorrhoea diagnosis is based on an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells, with intracellular gram-negative diplococci in Gram’ stain of urethral discharge. In our case, the gram-negative diplococcus seen in the stain was a meningococcus.</p><p>Urethritis due to <em>N. meningitidis</em> is indistinguishable from the secondary to <em>N. gonorrhoeae</em>, mimicking it even microscopically, only the epidemiology varies.</p><p>The conventional bacteriological culture continues to be essential for a correct diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49129,"journal":{"name":"Revista Internacional De Andrologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49845163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}