{"title":"Numerical Modelling of Thermoacoustic Stirling Engines & Refrigerators","authors":"Holly Butson","doi":"10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.169","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoacoustic machines depend on the complex relationship between thermodynamics and acoustics, and thus understanding it is vital in order to analyse the working principles and optimise parameters (i.e. geometrical or operational) to improve their performance. This paper investigates how numerical modelling can be used to explore this relationship and compares the accuracy of the performance predictions for different numerical simulation software. The software used included one designed for modelling Stirling machines called ‘Sage’ and one designed for modelling thermoacoustic machines called ‘DeltaEC’. To compare their results a model of both a thermoacoustic Stirling engine and refrigerator were developed from existing models in published papers, which contained experimental data to validate the numerical models. The results from the thermoacoustic Stirling engine model show that there is good agreement between the predictions from DeltaEC and the experimental data, as well as relatively good agreement between the Sage and DeltaEC predictions. However, due to Sage requiring a different approach to model the boundary conditions for the standing wave type machine (i.e. one end closed) the predictions varied slightly from those by DeltaEC. The results from the thermoacoustic Stirling refrigerator model, however, show improved agreement between the predictions from Sage and DeltaEC – potentially due to Sage and DeltaEC using a similar approach to model the boundary conditions for the travelling wave type (i.e. two open ends). Overall, it was found that although both can accurately model travelling wave thermoacoustic machines, the nature of Sage’s solving method makes it more complex to model the standing wave type compared to DeltaEC. A discussion on the use of numerical models as a tool for better understanding thermoacoustic machines, and the importance of the accuracy of the results to allow for optimisation and improvement in their design is presented.","PeriodicalId":491085,"journal":{"name":"Rangahau Aranga AUT Graduate Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dental Anxiety: A ‘Twin Burden’ for Patients and Dental Professionals","authors":"Richard Pereire","doi":"10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.174","url":null,"abstract":"Oral health is integral to general health; yet oral diseases are the most widespread non-communicable diseases affecting almost half the world’s population. Much has been documented on patient dental anxiety; but there is a dearth of literature on how dentists deal with the problem afflicting themselves as well. Dentists, perceived as guardians of oral health therefore, need to remain vigilant to their own health needs. This study will employ a mixed-method research approach. First, I will survey New Zealand dentists on how they identify and manage anxious patients in their clinical practices. The study’s second phase will involve conducting semi-structured interviews (Appukuttan, 2016) with participating dentists to investigate the stress dentists face in treating these anxious patients and then explore their own coping strategies. The study findings could inform the development of evidence-based guidelines and strategies for managing patient anxiety, providing a framework to support dentists. It could also highlight potential areas of improvement in dentist training programmes, thereby strengthening the profession’s ability to handle patient anxiety. Furthermore, it could shed light on practical and beneficial self-care and coping strategies for dentists, potentially leading to a healthier work environment and an enhanced quality of life for dental professionals (Newton et al., 2006). In this presentation I will underscore the reciprocal nature of dental anxiety, revealing it as a problem with a profound two-way impact.","PeriodicalId":491085,"journal":{"name":"Rangahau Aranga AUT Graduate Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on New Zealand Television: Professional Perspectives on Industry Sustainability","authors":"Rachel Daniels","doi":"10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.173","url":null,"abstract":"Fragmented by the plethora of internationalised television choices, audiences are now scattered across a multitude of programme options on a variety of global Subscription Video on Demand (SVoD) streaming platforms, broadcasters and television services. New Zealand audiences are predominantly choosing globalised services (Glasshouse Consulting, 2021). This research examines what the New Zealand television industry is doing to remain relevant and connected to its audiences. I seek to fill a gap in the current knowledge on the impact of international SVoD television services such as Netflix, Disney+, and Apple TV+ on the local industry as New Zealand domestic audiences appear to shift away from local services and storytelling. The research examines New Zealand television industry professional expert perspectives to identify and interpret the values, conflicts and challenges of protecting (while fostering the growth of) local culture through content, and the impact of public policy. Data has been collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews with industry experts. Open-ended questions have allowed for flexibility in the interview process, so that subjects can delve into their experiences, views and perspectives. The qualitative data has been analysed using thematic analysis, with patterns and themes that have emerged within the layers of data identified and discussed (Braun & Clarke, 2013; Braun et al., 2019). This presentation will address preliminary research findings which identify how the industry's need for economic sustainability has often compromised local productions and local cultural objectives, opening a debate on whether local stories are produced for local audiences or whether they should transcend national boundaries. The research reflects differing views on who should moderate and determine the cultural specificity of content, and where the sector should focus.","PeriodicalId":491085,"journal":{"name":"Rangahau Aranga AUT Graduate Review","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discipline and Punish: A Study Exploring the Adoption of NPM-Inspired Accounting Reforms in the Provincial Governments in the Solomon Islands","authors":"Marianne Oru","doi":"10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.172","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation aims to illustrate part of my findings which capture the adoption of New Public Management (NPM)-inspired reforms at the provincial government level in the Solomon Islands. The overall aim of the study was to examine the adoption of two NPM-inspired accounting reforms (cash-based IPSAS – or International Public Sector Accounting Standards – and performance-based budgeting) and a participatory budgeting system in the Solomon Islands. The paucity of attention given to Public Sector Accounting Research (PSAR) in socio-cultural settings in developing countries motivated this study. Drawing on Foucault’s disciplinary power (Foucault, 1977) the study demonstrated how accounting as a ‘calculative infrastructure’ was able to transform the provincial governments in the Solomon Islands. The study applies the interpretive methodology that integrates with a critical theory to interpret the data (Chua, 1986b; Power & Laughlin, 1992). A total of 60 semi-structured interviews were held at both levels of government (national and provincial). Documents were also gathered, including historical data. Thematic analysis was employed and was guided by Foucault’s principles of critical interpretation. The presentation concludes by highlighting how accounting as a ‘calculative infrastructure’ plays an instrumental role in mediating conflict between political groups. In doing so, the study supports prior calls for an in-depth analysis of neoliberal reforms such as those inspired by the NPM in order to better understand the manifold implications of accounting in a wider social context.","PeriodicalId":491085,"journal":{"name":"Rangahau Aranga AUT Graduate Review","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135296851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who Me? An Inclusive Future for Health Systems Leadership","authors":"Becky George","doi":"10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.166","url":null,"abstract":"Our future health and disability systems require leaders prepared to lead integrated, consumer focussed services. These leaders need to engage with current paradigm shifts occurring in global health care and focus on delivering interprofessional services (Marinelli-Poole et al., 2011; Markham, 2015). There is a legacy of medical and nursing professions dominating system leadership roles over Allied Health Professions (Gauld & Horsburgh, 2015). To foster an effective and equitable leadership culture, we need to equip our workforce to lead a health system fit for contemporary society. In this presentation I will report on a study which explored the experiences of Allied Health clinicians who have already stepped into health systems leadership roles. This study sought to understand what factors and experiences enabled them to progress into these leadership roles. By analysing the shared experiences, we hope to learn what change is required to support more Allied Health clinicians into health systems leadership. Three themes have emerged from the qualitative analysis of data shared during semi structured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis, visual doodling, and the software, XMind and NVivo, were all used to organise and help with data analysis. The three emergent themes are, 1.) Where do I fit? 2.) Where do we fit? 3.) Where is there space at the table? I will discuss these themes within the context of our national health system and what their implications might be for the future of health leadership development.","PeriodicalId":491085,"journal":{"name":"Rangahau Aranga AUT Graduate Review","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does Management at a Neuroscience Centre Improve Outcomes for Patients with a Severe Traumatic Brain Injury? A Systematic Review","authors":"Ben Jones","doi":"10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24135/rangahau-aranga.v2i3.167","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with severe Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) require management in hospital. However, should they be directly transported to a Neuroscience Centre (NC) or can they be safely treated at a local hospital before being subsequently transferred to an NC? This systematic review was undertaken to evaluate what effect transfers to an NC had on mortality rates amongst adult patients with a severe TBI. A systematic literature review was conducted using the databases Medline, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Cochrane. The inclusion criteria were: published between 2010 and 2023, adult patients (≥18) with severe TBI (Glasgow coma scale ≤8). The primary outcome studied was mortality. The secondary outcomes were, the impact that subsequent transfer to an NC had on mortality, the delay subsequent transfer had on surgery, and the accuracy of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) triage. The review analysed seven studies. Four reported no statistically significant difference in mortality in patients taken to an NC, despite NCs receiving more severely injured patients. Transferring patients from a local hospital to an NC was significantly associated with reduced mortality in one study (aOR, 0.79, 95% CI, 0.64-0.96), and reduced 24-hour (RR 0.31, 0.11-0.83) and 30-day (RR 0.66, 0.46-0.96) mortality in another. Subsequent transfers prolonged delays to surgery in several studies but were not statistically significant. This systematic review found that directly transporting severe TBI patients to an NC did not improve mortality. Mortality at 24-hour and 30-days was significantly reduced in patients who were subsequently transferred to an NC. A subset of patients benefit from urgent neurosurgical intervention as direct transfer to an NC improved their mortality rates. Severe TBI patients were accurately recognised by EMS staff. The skewing of more severely injured patients directly transported to an NC may be masking any survival benefit of direct NC admission.","PeriodicalId":491085,"journal":{"name":"Rangahau Aranga AUT Graduate Review","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135470221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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