Fides et Ratio最新文献

{"title":"Respecting the rights of breastfeeding women in Poland. Survey results.","authors":"Aneta Nagórska, Magdalena Nehring-Gugulska, Zuzanna Godyń-Myśliwy, Dorota Bębenek, Marlena Świrk, Błażej Kmieciak","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1219","url":null,"abstract":"In Poland one has a well constructed law supporting and protecting breastfeeding women. It appears, however, that it is not adequately respected, with the exception of break time for nursing mothers at work. The goal of the conducted research was to evaluate whether Polish women are aware of their rights during breastfeeding period and how well respected are they in reality. 
 The research was bound up with an educational campaign entitled “Karmię! Mam prawo!” („I breastfeed! I have the right!”) conducted in April and May 2023. It covered 3183 mothers, of whom 97% (3089) were breastfeeding. 1/3 of women know, but also 1/3 of women do not, that they have rights as a breastfeeding mother as well as a patient and a citizen. As many as 47,2% (1502) of surveyed women were refused certain services due to breastfeeding their child. 22,2% (708) of mothers felt discriminated because of breastfeeding, 53% (1702) were recommended an elimination diet, while 46,7% (1488) were suggested to stop breastfeeding without important reasons. Medical care in the hospital was insufficient in 39,4% (1155) of women, 69,5% (2211) of children were additionally fed with breast milk substitutes in hospitals while 25,1% (799) of women were not asked for consent for such intervention. 69,7% (2219) of mothers have seen advertisements for formula, mostly in hospitals and healthcare centers. Although many women’s rights are broken, almost 67,5% (2150) of mothers declare that they would not know what to do or would decline to act in order to assert their rights or claim a compensation for the harms suffered. The educational campaign led by the Center for Lactation Science has as its goal to raise awareness among women about their rights, so that they demand that they be respected, for themselves and their children, as well as for the public health.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136016562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family stressors and motivation to have a child versus parental stress of mothers","authors":"Bogusława Lachowska, Marta Waluda","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1194","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mothers differ greatly in their psychological adjustment to parenting, with some mothers being more stressed than others. This study aimed to investigate the role of family life stressors related to the relationship with children and spouse, and the motivation to have children in predicting parenting stress for mothers. The project is based on the parental stress theory and the SDT self-determination theory. We examined whether motivation to have children plays a mediating role in the relationship between family stressors and mothers’ parental stress. Method: Parental stress was measured using The Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995). Motivation to have a child was measured using the Motivation to Have a Child Scale (MCS) (Brenning, Soenens, & Vansteenkiste, 2015). The intensity of difficult experiences in the relationship with the child and with the spouse (family stressors) was assessed using the Family Stressors Scale. The study involved 99 mothers who are in a relationship and have at least one child up to 7 years of age. The families of the surveyed mothers had from one to seven children. Statistical analyzes were performed using SEM structural equation modeling. Results: It was found that difficult situations in relationships with children and spouse increase mothers' parental stress. Intrinsic motivation and amotivation mediate the effect that difficult situations in family relationships have on parental stress. Difficult situations in family relationships are negatively related to intrinsic motivation and positively related to amotivation. Intrinsic motivation to have a child is negatively related to parental stress, while amotivation is positively related to parental stress. There was no relationship between external, identified and introjected motivation, neither with parental stress nor with difficult situations in family relationships (family stressors). Conclusions: In confrontation with stressors, the intrinsic motivation to have a child plays a protective role against experiencing parental stress by mothers, while amotivation intensifies this stress. The implications of the results for future research and clinical interventions are discussedThe implications of the results for future research and clinical interventions are discussed","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spis artykułów w języku polskim 3(55)2023","authors":"Redakcja Kwartalnika","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1226","url":null,"abstract":"Spis artykułów w języku polskim 3(55)2023","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical care for children and adolescents with gender dysphoria and gender inconsistency in the light of current recommendations - how to implement the \"primum non nocere\" principle?","authors":"Joanna Smyczyńska","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1220","url":null,"abstract":"Gender identity is one of the essential aspects of human functioning. The diagnosis of gender dysphoria or gender incongruence applies to people who do not have any developmental defects of the genital organs or sex hormone secretion disorders, while the problem is the lack of acceptance of functioning in their own body and the desire to become a person of the opposite sex. This phenomenon is increasingly observed in children and adolescents. In recent years there has been a trend towards earlier use of puberty blockers and sex steroids in minors with gender dysphoria or gender inconsistency in order to inhibit the development of sexual characteristics in the direction of their own sex (referred to as the sex assigned at birth) and to mimic them to the opposite sex, i.e. according to their gender identification. In addition, surgical procedures are performed to remove the gonads and change the appearance of the genitals (and/or breast) in the desired direction (these procedures are allowed in adults, although there are many advocates of performing them in adolescents). Such therapies have been described as \"gender-affirming\", as opposed to \"conversion\" therapies, i.e. interventions aimed at restoring the acceptance of one's own sex. The literature emphasizes the lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of these procedures, allowing for an unequivocal recommendation of their application in children and adolescents, as well as the possible relationship between the increase in the frequency of gender identity disorders and the influence of peer groups, in particular the media creating a climate of affirmation of transsexualism (and non-binary gender identification). Therefore some countries (e.g. Sweden) have tightened their legal regulations in this area. The most serious long-term consequence of gender-affirming therapies is infertility. This paper aims to present these problems based on current medical literature. Extremely important bioethical and legal aspect of these issues will only be indicated, although they undoubtedly require special attention and separate studies.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young women’s transition to motherhood: relations with partners and visions of motherhood","authors":"Ewa Rzechowska","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1212","url":null,"abstract":"The study uses a processual approach drawing on the modern definition of reproductive health, which recommends individualised measurements of populations. A case study analysis is performed to build a comprehensive empirical model of transitions in young women’s relations with their partners and visions of motherhood, which are critical to understanding young adult females’ reproductive health. Data necessary to reconstruct the setup of individual life paths were collected using exploratory interviews and questionnaires and analysed in the framework of the Strategy of Process Transformation Reconstruction (PTR). The PTR strategy is an innovative tool that combines the qualitative analysis of individual cases and C4.5 Quinlan’s algorithm to make generalisation. 
 The empirical model of internally diverse types of relationships and visions of motherhood formed by young Polish women consists of a sequence of variants showing the evolution of the character, and ways of building and integrating intimate relationships with motherhood. The model can serve as a matrix for creating analytical categories that can be used to describe young women’s relations with their partners and visions of motherhood, construct psychological scales, and plan therapeutic procedures.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136016163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pharmacological therapeutic methods and the level of functioning of cognitive processes in people with dementia","authors":"Mariusz Karbowski, Aleksandra Duda","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1199","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of showing the relationship between non-pharmacological therapeutic methods and the level of functioning of cognitive processes in people with dementia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between non-pharmacological therapeutic methods and the level of functioning of cognitive processes in people with dementia, and if there is such a relationship, whether the cognitive processes of those participating in the therapy are at a higher level, and whether the level of functioning of cognitive processes has an impact on the independence of the subjects of the study. There were 60 people diagnosed with dementia included in the study, and a half of them participated in regular non-pharmacological therapy and the other half of the subjects did not participate. The level of cognitive functioning processes was examined with the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and the Clock Drawing Test, and the level of independence was measured by the Barthel Index of a patient`s assessment.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The level of stress in pregnant women during hospitalization in the Pregnancy Pathology department","authors":"Wiktoria Postępska, Katarzyna Kanadys, Jan Jakub Kęsik, Ewa Ślizień-Kuczapska, Anna Bogusława Pilewska-Kozak","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and aims. Pregnancy is a physiological state for a woman. However, if pathology develops, the course of pregnancy is affected by both mental and biological stress. Stress experienced during pregnancy may irreversibly alter the cerebral structures in the foetus. Moreover, chronic stress is likely to cause miscarriage, preterm delivery, IUGR, low birth weight, etc.
 The aim of the study was to analyse the stress level in hospitalized pregnant women with account forsociodemographic factors.
 Material and methods. The study was carried out in a group of 140 pregnant women hospitalized in the Department of Pregnancy Pathology, Independent State Clinical Hospital No.1 in Lublin. Inclusion criteria for the study were: age 18 or older, established pregnancy, and hospitalization for more than 2 weeks in a pregnancy pathology department. The participants were diagnostically surveyed by the Perceptible Stress Scale (PSS-10) and a questionnaire created for the study.
 Results. Almost every second (76; 54.3%) pregnant woman demonstrated low level of stress, 13.6% (n=19) respondents showed average level, and high level was detected in 32.1% (n= 45) of the respondents. A statistically significant correlation was found between the level of perceived stress and education (p=0.031), financial situation (p=0.017).
 Conclusions. During hospitalization, nearly every third pregnant woman was affected by a high level of stress. The very fact that the health of the child and/or pregnant mother is found to be at risk is already a source of stress for the woman. Higher intensity of stress - statistically significant concerned mothers with professional education and average financial situation. Data from reports in the literature indicate that stress during pregnancy can also negatively affect the health of the psycho-physical diady- mother child. Further research in this area is needed, along with the possibility of taking measures to promote the psychophysical comfort of hospitalized mothers.
","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136016747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes of students at Lublin universities towards transplantation and their personal values","authors":"Piotr Pawłowski, Kalaudia Magdalena Chatys, Karolina Joanna Ziętara, Aneta Kościołek, Mariusz Wysokiński, Wiesław Fidecki, Iwona Adamska-Kuźmicka, Agnieszka Sadurska, Lilla Walas, Katarzyna Przylepa","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Nowadays, transplantation is the only effective method for saving human lives when organs fail. Its choice in clinical practice encounters numerous barriers along the way, related to religious, ethical, social, and moral considerations. Nowadays, there are many changes in the hierarchy of values of young adults, and it is therefore important to analyse their impact on the perception of socio-cultural processes, including transplantation. Aim of the study: To analyse values and their influence on attitudes towards organ transplantation among students at Lublin universities. Material and methods: The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey method, with a survey technique. A self-administered survey questionnaire and a standardised tool List of Personal Values (Lista wartości osobistych, LWO), bearing a label were used. The study involved 205 respondents studying at three universities in Lublin (Medical University, Catholic University of Lublin, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS Statistics package. Relationships between attitudes towards transplantation and sociodemographic variables and values were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis H tests and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient. A graphical presentation of the results was made using summary tables and bar charts. Results and conclusions: Hierarchy of personal values has no influence on attitudes towards transplantation. Age, gender, type of university and religion are not related to students’ attitudes towards the transplant procedure. There are correlations between place of residence and attitude towards religious practice and students’ attitudes towards transplantation.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136016748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of high sensitivity for shaping abnormal eating behavior in young adult women","authors":"Klaudia Mamełka, Beata Ziółkowska","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1210","url":null,"abstract":"“High sensitivity” is a relatively new construct, especially in Polish psychology. Although it is sometimes a subject of controversy in the scientific world, it seems to have explanatory significance, helping to understand the mechanism of human functioning in various spheres. The purpose of the research project was to explore the relationships between the intensity of sensitivity and eating behaviors in young adult women. The sample consisted of 213 participants in young adulthood (i.e., from 20 to 35 years old). The selection of respondents was purposeful, and the inclusion criteria were gender and age. The High Sensitivity Scale by Elaine Aron, adapted by Agata Borzyszkowska, and the Questionnaire of Eating-Related Behaviors by Nina Ogińska-Bulik and Leszek Putyński were used to measure the main variables. As a result of the analysis of the obtained research material, the main assumption about the existence of a relationship between the intensity of sensitivity and eating behaviors in the examined women was confirmed. The higher the level of sensitivity intensity, the higher the tendency for abnormal eating behaviors. A correlation was also found between the difference in real and ideal body mass and eating behaviors, both in their general dimension, emotional eating, and dietary restrictions. Additionally, it was documented that the greater the difference between real and ideal body mass, the greater the tendency of the examined women to exhibit abnormal eating behaviors. A partial relationship between the assessment of the adequacy of support and the burden of stress with eating behaviors was also confirmed.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study on Polish Medical Students’ knowledge of Fertility Awareness-based Methods","authors":"Karolina Zgodzińska, Ewa Ślizień-Kuczapska, Tomasz Tęsny, Marcin Czeczelewski, Dorota Sys, Michał Rabijewski","doi":"10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v55i3.1195","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility Awareness-based Methods (FAMs) observe physiological signs to determine fertile and infertile phases in a women's cycle. WHO recommends to use both natural family planning (NFP) or FAM as a synonym. They may serve as methods for family planning as well as a procreation health monitor in restorative medicine and as a useful biomarker in management of reproductive-health disorders. Unfortunately, this knowledge is marginalized during medical education. A cross-sectional study was performed among 542 Polish medical students to assess their skills in NFP. The most common NFP method indicated by 84.9% students was the Calendar Method, the one with historical value. The Billings Method and Creighton Model System were known by 42% and 14% participants respectively, while Multi Index Methods were known by 26.4%. A total of 6% of the respondents use NFP themselves. The largest group of students (42%) assessed the effectiveness of NFP in avoiding pregnancy at about 50%. The results show little interest and incomplete knowledge in up to date NFP among future medical professionals. It seems there is an urgent need to introduce this subject into medical education as a valuable tool to understand and monitor procreation health as well as family planning method.","PeriodicalId":491036,"journal":{"name":"Fides et Ratio","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136059431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}