Faraday Discussions最新文献

{"title":"Direct high-altitude observations of 2-methyltetrols in the gas- and particle phase in air masses from Amazonia","authors":"Claudia Mohr, Joel A. Thornton, Manish Shrivastava, Anouck Chassaing, Ilona Riipinen, Federico Bianchi, Marcos Andrade and Cheng Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4FD00179F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FD00179F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We present direct observations of 2-methyltetrol (C<small>₅</small>H<small>₁₂</small>O<small>₄</small>) in the gas- and particle phase from the deployment of a Filter Inlet for Gases and Aerosols coupled to a Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS) during the Southern Hemisphere High Altitude Experiment on Particle Nucleation and Growth (SALTENA), which took place between December 2017 and June 2018 at the high-altitude Global Atmosphere Watch station Chacaltaya (CHC) located at 5240 m a s l in the Bolivian Andes. 2-Methyltetrol signals were dominant in a factor resulting from Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified as influenced by Amazon emissions. We combine these observations with investigations of isoprene oxidation chemistry and uptake in an isolated deep convective cloud in the Amazon using a photochemical box model with coupled cloud microphysics and show that, likely, 2-methyltetrol is taken up by hydrometeors or formed <em>in situ</em> in the convective cloud, and then transported in the particle phase in the cold environment of the Amazon outflow and to the station, where it partially evaporates.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"258 ","pages":" 60-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined crystallographic study of king scallop (Pecten maximus) shells using SEM, EBSD and Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Lise Guichaoua, Natalie Reznikov, Bryce D. Stewart, Roland Kröger and Raynald Gauvin","doi":"10.1039/D5FD00029G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FD00029G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The shells of <em>Pecten maximus</em> (king scallop) are composed primarily of polycrystalline calcitic calcium carbonate, with a crucial aragonitic prismatic myostracum layer that facilitates soft tissue attachment and contributes to mechanical strength. Despite its importance, the impact of environmental stressors, such as metal contamination, on the myostracum remains underexplored. Hence, this study's main goal was to shed light on the microstructure and crystallography of king scallop shells, particularly the myostracum region, using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. This approach was chosen to develop new protocols that integrate imaging techniques for a systematic analysis of pollution effects on shell growth and properties. Such an understanding is crucial for assessing the impact of environmental contamination on shell structure and composition. We compared samples from a metal contaminated site (Laxey) with those from non-contaminated site (Bradda) around the Isle of Man, to determine which structural and crystallographic information is detectable using the selected microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. SEM imaging showed a similar myostracum organization in specimens from both sites, with elongated, oriented grains. However, the non-contaminated site shell had more regular and elongated grains, while the shell from the contaminated site exhibited a broader grain size distribution, visible <em>via</em> electron channeling contrast and backscattered electron detection. EBSD analysis confirmed that both types exhibited well-crystallized aragonite in the myostracum, with slight differences in grain orientation and grain size with co-orientation indicating a marginal reduction in crystallographic alignment in the contaminated site shell. Raman maps reveal shifts in peak positions, indicating crystallite strain and differences in grain size. These variations may be related to a biological adaptation aimed at toughening the shell, but pollution could disrupt this crystallization process, weakening the shell. The combination of these techniques can advance our understanding of the microstructural alterations caused by metal contamination, highlighting its potential impact on the structural integrity of the shell. This study is a proof of principle study showing how a combination of different established imaging techniques can provide complementary and novel insights into the structure and composition of the king scallop myostracum. This systematic approach aims to develop new evaluation approaches for the study of the effects of environmental pollutants on the crystallography and microstructure of marine bivalve shells and hence their resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"261 ","pages":" 484-500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fd/d5fd00029g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into non-contact reflectance IR mapping of teeth†","authors":"Franco Lizzi, Hamza Elfarraj, Oleksandra Marushchenko, Ole Lenz, Peter Lasch, Ljiljana Puskar, Ioanna Mantouvalou and Paul Zaslansky","doi":"10.1039/D5FD00026B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FD00026B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Teeth are made of highly mineralized tissues that withstand years of daily usage. Their mechanical properties have been studied at all length scales with ageing, but mainly small areas have been the focus of high-sensitivity chemical property quantification. A comprehensive, spatially resolved examination across centimeter sized tooth specimens is needed to expand our comprehension of young <em>versus</em> aged teeth. Specular Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (srFTIR) is a nondestructive microscopy technique that can be used to characterize the chemical composition of mineralized surfaces. This technique provides spatially resolved chemical absorption information, making it useful to study both organics and mineral in visibly accessible tooth tissues. Highly polished dehydrated cross-sectional surfaces of bovine and human teeth were srFTIR imaged, and spectra were processed using a Kramers–Kronig transformation to generate absorbance-like chemical maps. Results are comparable with the well-established FTIR Transmission and Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) methods. Maps of multiple <em>ν</em><small>₃</small>-phosphate vibrations, <em>ν</em><small>₂</small>-carbonate, and amide I reveal insights into structural and chemical variations across dentine. Young bovine teeth exhibited many chemical and structural similarities to old, partially sclerotic human teeth, affirming their use as proxies in dental research. This work highlights the capability of specular reflection infrared spectroscopy imaging to reveal spatial chemical information and expand our understanding of tooth microstructure and composition variations.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"261 ","pages":" 520-541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomistic insight into the interaction of aspartic acid species with calcium carbonate: model development†","authors":"Raffaella Demichelis, Blake I. Armstrong, Paolo Raiteri and Julian D. Gale","doi":"10.1039/D5FD00008D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FD00008D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of models that allow access to atomic-scale information is crucial for expanding our understanding of interfacial processes that enable the formation and growth of biominerals in both abiotic and biogeochemical environments. In this work, a recently developed potential model for the simulation of aspartic acid species in biomineralization environments has been combined with the most recent calcium carbonate potential model. Force field parameters have been refined and validated, demonstrating high accuracy in predicting ion pair formation dynamics and free energy. Two different options to model the interaction between aspartic acid species and carbonate anions have been discussed, and preliminary simulations of aspartic acid on calcium carbonate mineral surfaces have been performed. The steps to predict accurate binding free energies of molecules on mineral surfaces have been discussed using acetate and the {020} surface of monoclinic vaterite as a model system.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"261 ","pages":" 81-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence in biomineralization patterns across animal eggshells†","authors":"Gerben Debruyn, Seung Choi, Jessica L. Dobson, Yana Maudens, Karen De Clerck, Matthew D. Shawkey, Shukang Zhang and Liliana D’Alba","doi":"10.1039/D5FD00028A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FD00028A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Shelled eggs are key components of animal reproduction on land, evolving independently in distant lineages of terrestrial animals including nematodes, gastropods, annelids, arthropods and chordates. They perform critical functions such as the exchange of gases between embryo and the environment, desiccation avoidance and protection from harmful radiation, microbial infection and mechanical damage. A core mechanism behind eggshell multifunctionality is the incorporation of biominerals (mainly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate) into the shell. Very little is known about eggshell structure in invertebrates, but some recent pioneering studies have proposed that similar mineralization patterns may have evolved convergently in eggshells of pulmonate gastropods, some insects, and vertebrates. However, because a detailed characterization of the structural and chemical composition of invertebrate eggshells is not available, it has not been possible to test this hypothesis. Here, we use computed tomography, electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction analyses, atomic force microscopy, spectroscopy, and histochemistry to characterize and compare microstructure and chemical composition of pulmonate gastropod, insect and vertebrate eggshells. These techniques revealed the universal presence of an organic matrix in mineralized eggshells. However, disparities in the distribution of calcium throughout the shell, crystallographic orientation that appears random in invertebrates (but not vertebrates), and presence of different calcium types including the rare and unstable vaterite highlight divergence whose functional significance should be the subject of future study.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"261 ","pages":" 212-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fd/d5fd00028a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Millisecond-time-scale controlled freeze-quench for solute-intermediate analysis by solid-state NMR†","authors":"Ieva Goldberga, Trevys Chanal, Tristan Georges, Guillaume P. Laurent and Thierry Azaïs","doi":"10.1039/D5FD00032G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FD00032G","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;Crystallization is a fundamental process in biomineralization, yet its complexity increases significantly in non-classical pathways of nucleation and growth, where numerous intermediates exist between free ions in solution and the final crystalline phase. Characterization of such intermediates can be delicate, as some processes can proceed very fast, inducing a short temporal window for their characterization. The problem is particularly true for the so-called prenucleation species, for which this difficulty is made worse due to their solubility, nanometric size and highly dynamic nature. In this communication, we introduce an innovative approach based on the “trapping” of reactive intermediates in a vitreous matrix, inspired by cryo-TEM sample preparation but adapted specifically to solid-state NMR characterization. This approach enables time-resolved analysis, since the aging time of the mineralization reaction is controlled on the millisecond time-scale using a dedicated stopped-flow device. The cryo-fixation is achieved by spraying the reacting solution into cold liquid isopentane at −145 °C, and the NMR rotors are filled with specifically designed packing tools, ensuring the control of the low temperature during the whole process. Finally, the cryo-fixed solution can be studied &lt;em&gt;via&lt;/em&gt; low-temperature solid-state NMR by acquiring time-resolved NMR spectra as snapshots of the ongoing reaction. First, we show that phosphate solutions can be efficiently vitrified using this protocol and studied &lt;em&gt;via&lt;/em&gt; low-temperature &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;P solid-state NMR at −120 °C. We demonstrate that the &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;P chemical-shift interaction of cryo-quenched solutions varies with the pH, allowing us to distinguish the different phosphate species coexisting in solution (PO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, HPO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, H&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;PO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;and H&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;PO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) based on their chemical shift anisotropy patterns, which are characteristic of their protonation degree. The determination of the proportion of each species at varying pH levels enables us to construct a speciation diagram under our experimental conditions. We observe that the “apparent p&lt;em&gt;K&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;” values, &lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, the pH values for each chemical equilibrium, are slightly influenced by the low temperature, and possibly by the preparation conditions. Finally, we demonstrate that our method can be applied to study fast calcium phosphate crystallization, revealing the early stages of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nucleation within just 20 ms of reaction time, as shown by &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;P ssNMR. Importantly, the described methodology is the first step towards studying fast out-of-equilibrium solutions through trapping and then studying transient ","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"261 ","pages":" 99-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-assembled supramolecular hydrogels: nano-IR sheds light on tripeptide assemblies†","authors":"Paola Alletto, Ana M. Garcia, Federica Piccirilli and Silvia Marchesan","doi":"10.1039/D4FD00193A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FD00193A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Supramolecular hydrogels composed of self-assembling short peptides are gaining momentum for enzyme mimicry. In particular, multicomponent systems that feature similar peptides with a self-assembling motif (<em>e.g.</em>, Phe–Phe) and catalytic residues (<em>e.g.</em>, His, Asp) offer a convenient approach to organize in space, functional residues that typically occur at enzymatic active sites. However, characterisation of these systems, and especially understanding whether the different peptides co-assemble or self-sort, is not trivial. In this work, we study two-component hydrogels composed of similar tripeptides and describe how nano-IR can reveal important details of their packing, thus demonstrating it to be a useful technique to characterise multicomponent, nanostructured gels.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"260 ","pages":" 389-402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fd/d4fd00193a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poster list","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"257 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does plasma membrane transbilayer asymmetry coupled to lipid nanodomains drive fast kinetics of FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space?","authors":"Fabio Lolicato, Manpreet Kaur, Ana Marija Knez, Roberto Saleppico and Walter Nickel","doi":"10.1039/D4FD00208C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FD00208C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is a potent mitogen secreted from mammalian cells through an unconventional secretory pathway. This process is mediated by direct translocation of FGF2 across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space. It requires several components that are asymmetrically distributed between the two leaflets of the plasma membrane. At the inner plasma membrane leaflet, FGF2 undergoes sequential interactions with the Na,K-ATPase, Tec kinase, and the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P<small>₂</small>. While the Na,K-ATPase, and Tec kinase are auxiliary factors, interactions of FGF2 with PI(4,5)P<small>₂</small> trigger the core mechanism of FGF2 membrane translocation, inducing FGF2-oligomerization-dependent formation of lipidic membrane pores. At the outer plasma membrane leaflet, membrane-inserted FGF2 oligomers are captured and disassembled by Glypican-1 (GPC1), resulting in translocation of FGF2 to the cell surface. In a cellular context, a single FGF2 membrane translocation event occurs within 200 milliseconds. In contrast, in an <em>in vitro</em> system, which uses a fully reconstituted liposomal inside-out system with FGF2 added from the outside and luminal encapsulation of high-affinity heparin molecules, FGF2 membrane translocation takes several minutes. Here, we hypothesize that the observed difference is, at least in part, due to the asymmetrical membrane lipid distribution and the spatial organization of the FGF2 translocation machinery in native plasma membranes. We suggest that the molecular machinery mediating FGF2 membrane translocation assembles in ordered nanodomains, characterized by sphingomyelin (SM), cholesterol and phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P<small>₂</small> coupled together. The transbilayer asymmetry of these lipids likely plays a crucial role in regulating the thermodynamics and kinetics of FGF2-induced membrane pore formation. Therefore, succeeding in reconstituting the FGF2 translocation machinery in artificial membranes with an asymmetric transbilayer distribution of SM, PI(4,5)P<small>₂</small> and other membrane lipids may reveal a direct impact on pore-opening kinetics. Similarly, disrupting lipid asymmetry in cells may significantly impact FGF2 secretion rates, a finding that would underscore the importance of the spatial organization of lipids in membrane dynamics. Testing this hypothesis may advance our understanding of how membrane asymmetry and ordered lipid nanodomains regulate critical biological processes, such as the unconventional secretion of FGF2.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"259 ","pages":" 559-578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fd/d4fd00208c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing the invisible: XRF reveals lead distributions in coral organisms grown in the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba)†","authors":"Katrein Sauer, Maayan Neder, Ivo Zizak, Paul Zaslansky and Tali Mass","doi":"10.1039/D5FD00024F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FD00024F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lead (Pb) contamination in marine ecosystems poses a significant ecological threat. Not much is known about its effects on coral reefs, which serve as vital biodiversity hotspots and climate refuges. This study revealed bioaccumulation of Pb in the organism of two stony coral species, <em>Stylophora pistillata</em> and <em>Pocillopora verrucosa</em>, widely studied in the Gulf of Aqaba. Microfocus X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging revealed widespread accumulation of Pb within the coral tissues but not in the skeletons. The finding that Pb predominantly accumulates in the soft tissues with no evidence of Pb in the mineral suggests that exposure was short or of low concentration. Both highlight the great sensitivity of coral organisms to Pb uptake, with likely negative impacts on the organism. We suggest that anthropogenic Pb contamination, intensified by factors such as urban runoff or industrial discharges, still poses a serious risk to coral health and resilience despite years of efforts to curb exposure. Future research should focus on the kinetics of Pb bioaccumulation, effects of short-term <em>versus</em> long-term exposure and the combined effects of heavy metals and temperature on coral physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":49075,"journal":{"name":"Faraday Discussions","volume":"261 ","pages":" 298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fd/d5fd00024f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}