Соціологія最新文献

{"title":"Children of war: understanding the social impact on and the needs of children affected by the Russian War in Ukraine","authors":"Tetiana Skrypchenko","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.060","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the impact of the Russian war in Ukraine on children, explores the challenges they face, and the need for targeted support. Drawing on sociological research, the author highlights the disruption of social interactions, the environment, and poor education caused by the war. It also analyzes age, regional, and migration differences in socio-psychological consequences and needs. Based on empirical data and a study conducted by the Sociological Group “Rating” among mothers, the article underscores specific manifestations of the war's impact on Ukrainian children. The study emphasizes the importance of an individualized approach to supporting children's resilience in times of war, taking into account their unique traumatic experiences and emphasizing the importance of addressing their specific needs to foster their development.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukrainian migrants on the Polish labor market","authors":"Valentyn Lukonin","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.140","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to analyze publications that were published in Polish Internet publications and were devoted to the topic of the presence of Ukrainian migrants (and from 24.02 - refugees) at the Polish labor market. A contextual comparison of the situation of Ukrainian citizens in Poland before and after the beginning of the Russian invasion was carried out, changes in the structure of their employment and prospects for further employment were identified. The list of social guarantees provided by the Polish government to ensure maximum adaptation of Ukrainian citizens in the social and labor environment is considered. The potential threats and fears arising in the Polish society in connection with the large-scale immigration of the Ukrainian population are indicated. The purpose of the article is to highlight the current situation of Ukrainian migrants on the Polish labor market and the main problems they face in the process of employment, as well as to study the transformation of employment practices, sociodemographic characteristics and forecasts in the field of employment. The conducted analysis shows that Ukrainian workers were and remain in demand on the Polish labor market, but some aspects of their employment (gender ratio) and, accordingly, the sphere of labor activity have changed. It is noted that the military actions, which are currently the main reason for the departure of Ukrainians (to a greater extent - Ukrainian women) abroad, were added to socio-economic motives, namely: a higher level of wages and quality of life in a neighboring country, more favorable employment conditions, geographical and cultural proximity. The author emphasizes that the results of the analyzed studies conducted at the time of writing the article, regarding the positions held by Ukrainian migrants, may change somewhat after the collection of statistical data by the Polish services responsible for the tax sector.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The youth of Ukraine in the period of social turbulence 2019–2021","authors":"Myroslava Kukhta, Natalia Soboleva","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.031","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the main problems of the situation and development of youth in Ukraine during the period of social turbulence 2019–2021. Youth is the main resource of society and the main component of human capital, which is being fought for in developed countries. In recent years, Ukraine has faced the loss of this resource due to depopulation and migration. The problems of young people, which emerged in the pre-war years, are now becoming unprecedentedly acute. The first step on the way to a solution is an in-depth analysis of the key problems and features of young people's lives. The authors analyze the spheres of education, employment and work, housing conditions, consumption and leisure, health practices, and social interactions of Ukrainian youth. Special attention is drawn to the differences in ways of life constructing by young men and women, considering that the main areas of life are determined by gender differences in life opportunities. In addition to gender differences, the age subgroup is also a determinant. The most noticeable difference in value orientations and outlook is that the younger they are, the more open they are to change and seek self-affirmation. The youngest subgroup was also the most optimistic, regardless of economic level, and the least religious. In general, in recent decades there has been a diversification of lifestyles thanks to the emergence of new economic, informational, cultural, and political perspectives. The empirical basis of research is a series of data of domestic and foreign studies: the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on the sex-age distribution of the population of Ukraine, the annual monitoring study of Ukrainian society, the Info Sapiens survey for the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), the ninth periodic report of Ukraine on the implementation of the Convention of the United Nations Organization, the study of Ukrainian women entrepreneurs, the study of the sociological group \"Rating\", the report \"World Values Survey–2020. Ukraine\", the report on the situation of the youth of Ukraine \"Youth on the labor market: 21st century skills and career building\", a representative sociological study of the situation of youth in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a minimum wage an effective or residual social standard?","authors":"Nataliia Tolstykh","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.130","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the minimum wage as a social and labor standard. The liberalization of the economy has led to a simplification of social and labor relations, a reduction in the share of labor contracts with social obligations on the part of businesses, and a transition in remuneration from minimum wage guarantees to an agreement on remuneration for services rendered, that is observed around the world. The article indicates the possible consequences and threats of transferring social obligations and insurance directly to employees. According to international statistics, a comparison of the minimum wage in Ukraine and in other countries of the world is made. The author emphasized the need to study the minimum wage as component of the system of basic social standards and, based on the data of a sociological survey, determines the degree of correspondence of the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum to the real cost of living in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the role of the minimum wage in the mechanisms of state policy in the labor market. Raising the minimum wage has a positive effect on reducing working poverty, inequality, and social tension in society. At the same time, it is also necessary to increase the rates of social assistance linked to the minimum wage, that will also contribute to an increase in the standard of living of the population and, in particular, the least affluent segments. A warning is made that the minimum wage cannot be replaced by other social standards, such as the minimum basic income, which can only be introduced if it is supplemented to the existing system of social guarantees. The conclusion of the analysis is the justification for maintaining the minimum wage as an effective social standard necessary for developing strategies for the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field research: arrangement, conducting, and analytics","authors":"Tetiana Kamenska","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.116","url":null,"abstract":"The article clarifies how sociological research methodology is adjusting to the current changes taking place in Ukrainian society. The goal is to specify some aspects of phenomena research, and to concentrate on field research from historiography, theoretical background, and to certain procedures of gathering information and its analysis. Based on the works of famous German qualitative methodology experts we also referred to M. Heidegger’s works to be more specific about “phenomenon” definition. We have proved that phenomena are some things and processes not fully appeared which we can discover, and which in scientific discourse must be distinguished from appearance. The word “appearance” tells for itself — it is that which has already appeared. Some definitions on field research taken from the works of German sociologists allowed reconfirmation of this methodology to be used in researches of the current Ukrainian social reality. Such components of field research as “observation” and “conversation” were given the following new characteristics: systematized role behavior of a researcher-observer, and authorial vision of structuring data and observation results. The analytical processing of sociological data was held in the frame of grounded theory (by Anselm Strauss and Judith Corbin), and the method of qualitative content-analysis of conversations was tested and endorsed through the example of research among rural population. Drawing on the results of three types of coding (open, axial, and selective) we have built up a mini-theory of the phenomenon of how population in small towns and villages in Odessa region take representatives of local authorities in everyday life. In comparison with operational definition the analysis result based on the strategy of mini-theory consists of five parts where we start out from the “history line”, then we find out how the past influences the contemporary state of a researched phenomenon, describe context, subjects’ actions and counteractions, and determine the consequences.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health beyond clinical protocol: institutional traps and limitations of modern medicine","authors":"Siarhei Kandrychyn","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.090","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed to describe the ineffective health care mechanisms and find ways to overcome them. Some variants of institutional dysfunctions (or institutional traps) in medical practice are considered. The resort to natural methods of healing and self-healing is regarded as a way to overcome various institutional dysfunctions. The work combines several qualitative methods: a non-standardized survey of experts (doctors), included observation (25 years of work as a doctor and independent use of natural healing methods for the past 12 years), and analysis of documents, literary sources and messages on the topic of self-healing in relevant Facebook groups. The themes of the talks with doctors were health self- management and alternative healing practices (intensive physical exercises, medical fasting, and breathing exercises). During conversations with the doctors found that only some senior doctors have positive experience of using therapeutic fasting and breathing exercises (both personal and clinical), and young doctors who have been working in medicine for over 10-20 years are not familiar with these methods (\"because this treatment is not carried out according to the approved clinical protocols”, and “we treat according to modern protocols\"). The most problematic points of the use of such health practices and the reasons for their increase in society are discussed. It is concluded that both in the institutional and ideological aspect, the essential component of the public health institute should be outside the scope of official medicine, which is aimed at the use of medicinal and high-tech means of treatment and prevention.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociocultural aspects of spatial development","authors":"Viktor Shcherbyna","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.152","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial development is one of the factors in the formation of society, and the policy of conscious spatial development is the most important component of transitions to new technological and sociocultural ways of life. The article deals with the problem of theoretical understanding of spatial development, as well as the author’s concept of its study and approach to the formation of relevant policies. The author proposes distinguishing between “developed” societies, capable of purposefully shaping their own space, and “undeveloped” ones, capable only of adapting to spontaneous changes in their own space. In the political sense, the task of spatial development is to form, through a complex impact on society, stable systemic integral formations of joint life activity. The article highlights two strategies for spatial development — revolutionary and evolutionary. Along with them, the author proposes using the concept of the cultural diversity of society as a tool for analyzing sociocultural environments. According to the author’s approach, it is necessary to study the sociocultural environment in a particular territory as a unique composition of social practices, historically self-reproducing on the basis of typological cultural patterns — traditional, modern, and communicative. The author comes to the conclusion that spatial development strategies focused only on one cultural pattern lead to the fact that part of the population starts to perceive the policy of implementing spatial development programs as alien to them, and this creates additional tension in the processes of transformation of societies. Therefore, in the process of deploying spatial development projects, along with economic studies on the characteristics of social space, it is necessary to conduct studies of the cultural patterns that are inherent in the people who form it. The author believes that the harmonization of social practices that are formed on the basis of and within the framework of various cultural patterns is one of the tasks of the policy of spatial development and a factor in the sustainability of society. Therefore, cultural policy should imply comprehensive support for the development of all cultural patterns on the basis of a dialogue of cultures. Regulators from different modes of life provide social communication and exchange on the scale of familial, tribal, communal integrity, as well as on the scale of nation-state and global communities. Therefore, their support is necessary for the reproduction of society in present-day conditions.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natalia Panina’s sociology: theory, research, professional ethics","authors":"Yevhen Golovakha, Tetiana Zahorodniuk","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the life and legacy of an outstanding Ukrainian sociologist, Doctor of Sciences in Sociology Natalia Panina (1949–2006). She was a leading expert within Ukraine in a number of areas determining the development of national sociological science and relating to the study of important social phenomena such as social adaptation, societal transformation and political culture. She also provided organizational and methodological support to the monitoring and epidemiological studies. N. Panina adapted a number of well-known Western questionnaires for measuring anxiety, anomie, social cynicism, etc. and applied these tools to mass surveys. In addition, Panina’s works on the issues of interethnic tolerance in Ukraine gained extraordinary resonance. She was the first to set out principles for designing a quality sociological test which should be used in mass surveys. In 1992, while working at the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, N. Panina started developing a project for monitoring social changes in Ukrainian society and testing the methodology related to this project. With the passage of time, the monitoring grew into the main source of systematic sociological information for the academic community, authorities and general public of Ukraine. The findings from the monitoring survey supervised by N. Panina all the time have served as a basis for numerous monographs, academic papers and journalistic articles. In 2014, this project was awarded the State Prize in Science and Technology. N. Panina participated in many cross-national research projects, successfully collaborating with social scientists from the Institutes of Sociology of the Polish and Hungarian Academies of Sciences, the Universities of London and Cambridge, Hartford, Georgetown and New York (in Stony Brook) Universities, the University of Jerusalem, as well as with a number of academic institutions in Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, France and Slovakia. Her articles and monograph chapters were published in each of these countries. For many years, N. Panina was the Head of the Commission on Professional Ethics of the Sociological Association of Ukraine. She managed the preparation of the Code of Professional Ethics for Sociologists, approved in 2004 at the Congress of the Sociological Association of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil Sphere and Transitions to Peace: Cultural Trauma and Civil Repair","authors":"Jeffrey C. Alexander","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"What are the conditions for establishing solidarity after a period of intensive and divisive social conflict — what Kant called a cosmopolitan constitution? In this essay, I argue that such a widened solidarity depends on establishing a relatively independent civil sphere, the effective functioning of whose institutions depend, in turn, on a shared sacred discourse of civility. To speak such a shared language, however, requires much more than engaging in speech acts. It depends upon a deeply emotional and highly symbolic process, one in which public performances of reconciliation create new structures of feeling and identification. This theoretical argument is elaborated empirically with reference to post-Holocaust Germany, post-Franco Spain, and post-Apartheid South Africa.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using methods of multidimensional analysis to research decision making in academic career choice","authors":"Pavlo Sereda, Kateryna Maltseva","doi":"10.15407/sociology2023.03.071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2023.03.071","url":null,"abstract":"The decision that students make regarding his or her further education or professional career is a complex process driven by multiple different factors. On the global scale, this research direction represents an important strategic tangent, given the significance of the universities in the formation of virtually all aspects of one’s life after graduation. It is equally crucial in the Ukrainian context, considering the educational reforms that are currently taking place in our country. As motivation to make a choice and embark on a particular career trajectory can be informed by different sources and is thus a multifactorial entity, so researching factors that affect academic career choice should accomodate multiple dimensions. To optimize the analytical procedures and to increase the informativeness of the results in our survey we employ methods of multidimensional analysis to explore and explain various aspects of decision making that can influence one’s choice of the institution for further education. To elicit the determinants of the university choice and to illustrate the effects of various factors in different domains of career choice, we use the cognitive self-report data collected from the NaUKMA undergraduates in Spring 2019. The results suggest that in students’ perception institutional characteristics of the NaUKMA, social atmosphere, academic climate and personal features of a student emerge as distinct factors. In the set of factors, the institutional characteristics were subdivided into the evaluation of the quality of the received education and strategic argument against applying for a postgraduate degree at the NaUKMA. Social atmosphere and academic climate, in their turn, split into social atmosphere, academic climate and being socially connected with individuals currently enrolled as MA students. Personal features were further subdivided into career values, attitudes toward one’s studies and attitudes towards the MA programmes. Positive evaluation of NaUKMA’s institutional characteristics has a positive correlation with one’s intentions of joining the programme and continuing one’s studies at NaUKMA, and a negative correlation with planning to apply to MA programmes abroad or elsewhere in Ukraine. Planning to avail of the international mobility programmes had a positive effect on choosing to join the MA programme at NaUKMA.","PeriodicalId":490108,"journal":{"name":"Соціологія","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135275196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}