Ornithological Science最新文献_第9页

Bird Community Heterogeneity Along Four Gradients of Different Orientations on a Temperate Mountain 温带山地不同方位四个梯度的鸟类群落异质性

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.2326/osj.20.65

Daichi Iijima, G. Morimoto

{"title":"Bird Community Heterogeneity Along Four Gradients of Different Orientations on a Temperate Mountain","authors":"Daichi Iijima, G. Morimoto","doi":"10.2326/osj.20.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.20.65","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mountains harbour high biodiversity that is facing a crisis due to recent climate change. Bird communities shift along mountain gradients. Some previous studies have suggested that the effect of vegetation is prevalent on temperate mountains. In this study, we investigated the limiting effects of vegetation on the altitudinal distribution of birds on Mount Norikura in central Japan, by comparing bird communities along four gradients of different orientations. We recorded birds using the line-transect method and classified vegetation into six types: montane deciduous broadleaved forest, subalpine coniferous forest, subalpine birch forest, Japanese Stone Pine scrub forest, alpine tundra and bare ground below the alpine area. We identified the treelines and ecotones between the predominant vegetation types along each gradient. We found that bird species composition changed drastically at the treeline along three gradients. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination revealed: 1) the similarity between bird community structures in the subalpine coniferous forest and the Japanese Stone Pine scrub forest differed among the gradients, 2) despite birch being broadleaved, the bird community in the subalpine birch forest was a subset of that in the subalpine coniferous forest and was more similar to that in the subalpine coniferous forest than that in the montane deciduous broadleaved forest, and 3) in upper parts of the subalpine zone, the bird community structures in the subalpine coniferous and birch forests were similar to each other. Our findings suggest that although the treeline limits the distribution of forest-dwelling bird species, this effect differs among gradients with different orientations, probably depending on the scrub height of the Japanese Stone Pine scrub forests. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of coniferous and birch forests in the upper parts of the subalpine zone may have little effect on the altitudinal distribution of birds.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49545565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Is Aesthetic Evolution Possible in Birds? —Conceptual Considerations 鸟类的审美进化可能吗?概念上的注意事项

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.2326/osj.20.101

Canchao Yang

{"title":"Is Aesthetic Evolution Possible in Birds? —Conceptual Considerations","authors":"Canchao Yang","doi":"10.2326/osj.20.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.20.101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The adaptive mate choice theory is believed to provide a general explanation of sexual selection. Females are thought to choose males based on direct benefits or because they have perceivably good genes based on visual indicators of male quality, involving adaptive qualities acted on by natural selection in the current environment. However, a recent hypothesis, called “Beauty Happens” has been proposed based on Darwin's “Really Dangerous Idea,” an idea that has been criticised, to explain sexual selection in animals, including human beings. Accordingly, it has garnered widespread attention and evoked controversial debate. Here, I review the Beauty Happens hypothesis and clarify the arguments that focus on the sexual autonomy and aesthetic perception of females. I found that, in the case of sexually dimorphic birds, unambiguous evidence is absent in support of the adaptive mate choice theory. Although the Beauty Happens hypothesis is logically feasible, aesthetic perception could possibly evolve and develop on the basis of sexual autonomy and resource-independence in females. Therefore, aesthetic radiation among females may lead to beauty radiation in males, and female mate choice as a selection process may act independently of natural selection, favouring good-to-pass-on genes rather than good genes. However, the Beauty Happens hypothesis seems to be more applicable when explaining the behaviour of sexually dimorphic birds than other animal taxa. I suggest that the mechanisms of female mate choice and intrasexual competition in males may lead to biological evolution, depending on the degree of autonomy of females in different animal species.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44545966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breeding Status and Sex Ratio of Ancient Murrelets Captured in the Nocturnal At-Sea Congregation Off Teuri Island, Japan 日本特乌里岛夜间海上集会捕获的古代家鼠的繁殖状况和性别比

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.203

Shin Matsui, D. Whitworth, N. Sugita, I. Nishiumi

引用次数: 2

Evidence of Brent Geese Branta bernicla Moving between an Autumn Staging Area in East Hokkaido and Wintering Sites in West Hokkaido and Northern Honshu 布伦特鹅在北海道东部的秋季集结地和北海道西部和本州北部的越冬地之间移动的证据

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.211

Y. Sawa, Chieko Tamura, Toshio Ikeuchi, T. Shimada, Kaoru Fujii, Aisa Ishioroshi, S. Tatsuzawa, D. Ward

引用次数: 0

Habitat Selection of Skylarks During the Breeding Season on the Volcanic Slope of Mt. Tarumae 塔鲁马山火山斜坡云雀繁殖期的生境选择

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.167

Yôhei Itô, Shin Matsui, S. Shiraki, K. Ueda

{"title":"Habitat Selection of Skylarks During the Breeding Season on the Volcanic Slope of Mt. Tarumae","authors":"Yôhei Itô, Shin Matsui, S. Shiraki, K. Ueda","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Eurasian Skylark, Alauda arvensis, is a passerine bird that mainly breeds in open habitats, such as lowland grasslands and farmlands. However, recent studies have shown that they form breeding territories on volcanic and alpine slopes in central/northern Japan. During the 2018 breeding season, we investigated the density and habitat selection of Skylarks on the volcanic slopes above timber line, of Mt. Tarumae, Hokkaido. Our results showed that there were 27 Skylark territories in the study area, with a density of 7.26 territories per square kilometer. This spatial arrangement was dense around the eastern slope. Skylarks favored habitats with a low vegetation height. The quantity of short plant species, i.e. Carex oxyandra and Arcterica nana was larger in territories than in randomly selected points. C. oxyandra plays important roles not only in forming low vegetation, but also in available and limited nest material in their breeding territories on the volcanic slopes. These results suggest that Skylarks occupy areas of low vegetation with C. oxyandra, as there are limited resources available for nest materials within the breeding territories that are on the volcanic slope above a timber line.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43460062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stopover Duration and Body Mass Change of Two Siberian Songbird Species at a Refuelling Site in the Russian Far East 两种西伯利亚鸣禽在俄罗斯远东地区燃料补给站停留时间和体重变化

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.159

L. Bozó, T. Csörgő, W. Heim

{"title":"Stopover Duration and Body Mass Change of Two Siberian Songbird Species at a Refuelling Site in the Russian Far East","authors":"L. Bozó, T. Csörgő, W. Heim","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Long-distance bird migration is often characterized by a number of flight bouts interspersed with intermittent stopover periods for re-fuelling. However, little is known about the stopover ecology of songbirds migrating along the East Asian flyway. The aim of this study was to estimate the minimum stopover duration and body mass change during stopover of Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus and Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus based on 6,073 ringed and 502 re-captured birds during spring and autumn migration in the Russian Far East. For Red-flanked Bluetail the minimum stopover duration averaged 3.4 days in autumn and 1.7 days in spring, while for Yellow-browed Warbler it was 3.2 days in autumn and 2.1 days in spring. Significant differences in stopover duration were found between seasons, but not between the two species. The body mass of Red-flanked Bluetails significantly increased during stopover in spring and autumn, but no significant body mass changes were detected in Yellow-browed Warblers. The shorter minimum stopover duration of both species in spring may indicate a faster migration than in autumn, suggesting a time-minimizing strategy in spring to reach the breeding grounds as fast as possible.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47296739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Nest Boxes for White-Throated Needletailed Swift Hirundapus caudacutus to Promote Conservation and Support Ecological Research 白喉针尾雨燕巢箱促进保护和支持生态研究

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.217

Noriyuki M. Yamaguchi, S. Mori, Hiroshi Yonekawa, Daichi Waga, H. Higuchi

引用次数: 1

Usage of Urban Rivers by Gulls and Cormorants as Movement Pathways in Winter 海鸥和鸬鹚在冬季利用城市河流作为迁徙路径

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.187

Shiori Takeshige, Kazuhiro Katoh

{"title":"Usage of Urban Rivers by Gulls and Cormorants as Movement Pathways in Winter","authors":"Shiori Takeshige, Kazuhiro Katoh","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For the long-term survival of bird populations in urban areas, it is necessary to protect both bird habitats fragmented by urbanization and potential pathways for movement between them. However, urban pathways for waterbirds have rarely been studied. Suspecting that certain waterbird species that visit inland waters would tend to move along rivers, as movement pathways, we surveyed waterbird movement along the Kanda River in Tokyo, Japan in the winter of 2017/2018. We defined those species that very frequently (more than 95% of all flights) flew along the river as “river travelers”. Three species, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus, and Herring Gull L. argentatus proved to be river-dependent movers that frequently used the Kanda River as a pathway. The gulls relied more heavily on the river as a movement pathway than the cormorant. In this sense, urban rivers may play a role for these species that is analogous to that of linear vegetated spaces for terrestrial birds. In addition, the distribution of river travelers (especially Black-headed Gull) may have been affected by the extent of riverside vegetation alongside, and highways covering, the river. To protect movement pathways for gulls and cormorants in urban areas, it is necessary to consider the differences among bird species in terms of their relative dependence on urban rivers as movement pathways and their comparative susceptibilities to the impact of manmade structures covering the rivers.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42270240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Alert and Flight Initiation Distances of Crows in Relation to the Culling Method, Shooting or Trapping 乌鸦的警戒和飞行起始距离与扑杀方法、射击或诱捕的关系

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.125

M. Fujioka

{"title":"Alert and Flight Initiation Distances of Crows in Relation to the Culling Method, Shooting or Trapping","authors":"M. Fujioka","doi":"10.2326/osj.19.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2326/osj.19.125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A large number of Large-billed Crows Corvus macrorhynchos and Carrion Crows C. corone are culled annually either by shooting or trapping in Japan, but the effects of such culling on crow behaviour have never been evaluated. I hypothesized that in an area where crows are shot they would become more sensitive to human disturbance than those in an area where they are trapped. I compared alert and flight initiation distances of crows in two nearby, but separate, areas in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in March 2004. In 2003 all 1,025 crows culled in the Daito area were shot, whereas 95.3% of 1,586 crows culled in the Tono area were trapped. Topography, land use, and human population densities were similar in the two areas. Analyses using generalized linear models showed that the area (and hence the method of culling) was the sole explanatory variable in the best model and included in each of the top five models for both distance measures. The median alert distance and flight initiation distance were greater where crows were shot than where they were trapped (60.0 m vs. 20.5 m and 46.0 m vs. 18.0 m, respectively). Other factors, such as species, flock size, behaviour, and habitat type, were far less important. These results show that shooting has a greater non-lethal effect on crows than trapping. While trapping may be a more efficient way of removing crows than shooting, shooting not only reduces the number of nuisance animals directly, but also affects their behaviour and habitat use so that damage is reduced indirectly. Shooting is thus the more effective choice for culling in order to reduce damage caused by crows.","PeriodicalId":49009,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44539250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Age of First Primary Moult in the Red-Crowned Crane Grus japonensis 日本丹顶鹤第一初级丘的年龄

IF 0.6 4区生物学

Ornithological Science Pub Date : 2020-07-24 DOI: 10.2326/osj.19.223

Y. Masatomi

引用次数: 0