Advances in Optics and Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Attosecond X-ray sources, methods, and applications at present and future free-electron lasers: tutorial","authors":"Berrah Nora, Cryan James, Robles River, Driver Taran, Marinelli Agostino, Bucksbaum Philip","doi":"10.1364/aop.540527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.540527","url":null,"abstract":"The timescale for electrons to break interatomic bonds during photoinduced physical or biochemical processes such as vision or photosynthesis is femtoseconds or less. For this reason, electron dynamics in a chemical bond must be viewed with attosecond pulses, but until now, laboratory attosecond sources have been too slow or weak to capture this intrabond motion. Tunable, powerful, attosecond X-rays from free-electron lasers now fill this gap and enable the first studies of site-specific electron motion within molecules, to the best of our knowledge. Here we explain how these sources work and how to use them to explore the attosecond frontier of physics, chemistry, and biology.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"57 1","pages":"623"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulated Raman photothermal microscopy: theory and implementation","authors":"Zhu Yifan, Ge Xiaowei, Ni Hongli, Cheng Ji-Xin","doi":"10.1364/aop.568778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.568778","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has shown enormous potential in revealing molecular structures, dynamics, and couplings in complex systems. For most biomolecules, the detection sensitivity of SRS is fundamentally limited to the milli-molar level due to the shot noise and the small modulation depth. Additionally, the operation of SRS imaging is complicated by cross phase modulation. We recently revisited SRS from the perspective of energy deposition. Via intensity gain in the Stokes beam and loss in the pump beam, the SRS process pumps molecules to their vibrationally excited states. The thereafter relaxation heats up the surroundings and induces refractive index changes. By probing the refractive index changes with a laser beam, stimulated Raman photothermal (SRP) microscopy is developed, where a >500-fold boost of modulation depth is achieved. Moreover, SRP imaging can be operated with a noisy fiber laser for excitation and a long working distance air condenser for signal collection. Two implementations and broad biological applications are reviewed. In summary, SRP microscopy opens a new way to perform chemical imaging with ultrahigh sensitivity and long working distance optics toward clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"72 1","pages":"369"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light symmetry, chirality, and their role in nonlinear optics and ultrafast phenomena","authors":"Neufeld Ofer, Tzur Matan Even, Lerner Gavriel, Kfir Ofer, Fleischer Avner, Cohen Oren","doi":"10.1364/aop.560140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.560140","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of symmetries is extremely useful across all fields of science. In physics, symmetries are used to derive conservation laws and to formulate selection rules for transitions in interacting systems. In the early days of nonlinear optics (NLO), symmetries were used to formulate a set of rules for nonlinear photonic processes according to the medium’s symmetries that are reflected in the NLO coefficient tensor. While this approach was believed to be complete and closed, the field of symmetries and selection rules in NLO has recently reignited as multi-color ultrashort laser pulses with tailored polarization and spatiotemporal structures become standard in NLO processes. A more complete theory has been recently emerging, which aims to incorporate all possible dynamical degrees of freedom of light: spin and orbital angular momentum, spatial structure, time-dependent polarizations, temporal envelopes, etc., in addition to the symmetries of the medium. This theoretical development is also accompanied by experimental advances that rely on tailored intense light beams. Such beams can now be generated with ever-increasing complexity, including topologies in real and a variety of synthetic dimensions, carrying poly-chromatic carrier waves, time-dependent varying angular momenta, local-chirality, and more. The nonlinear interaction between light fields with unique symmetries (or asymmetries) and matter is especially appealing, since that holds the key for developing new ultrafast spectroscopies with sub-femtosecond resolution, for exerting exact control over matter, as well as improving our fundamental understanding of how light and matter interact. We here review these recent advances in this expanding field, focusing on the theory, its implications, and seminal experiments. As outlined in the outlook, we aim to establish a comprehensive database of symmetries and selection rules governing nonlinear light–matter interactions within the emerging new formalism and invite the scientific community to contribute to this effort.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"27 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-reciprocal thermal photonics—from fundamentals to applications: a tutorial","authors":"Wang Jiawei, Li Wei","doi":"10.1364/aop.580214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.580214","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal photonics has attracted considerable interest due to its ability to artificially manipulate thermal radiation. However, many thermal photonic devices are constrained by Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation, with identical directional emissivity and absorptivity. The rise of non-reciprocal thermal photonics offers the potential to overcome this constraint, enabling independent control of emission and absorption. This tutorial summarizes recent progress in non-reciprocal thermal photonics and the generalized Kirchhoff’s law of thermal radiation, establishing a comprehensive relationship between directional absorptivity and emissivity, irrespective of its reciprocity. It also highlights challenges in non-reciprocal thermal radiation experiments and discusses potential solutions. Providing a thorough overview of the fundamentals, experimental approaches, and applications of non-reciprocal thermal photonics, this tutorial aims to enhance understanding of its principles and facilitate advancements in energy harvesting and heat flux control.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"56 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Hermitian photonic band winding and skin effects: a tutorial","authors":"Wang Heming, Zhong Janet, Fan Shanhui","doi":"10.1364/aop.529289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.529289","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hermitian band structures have gained considerable attention due to the novel phenomena not present in their Hermitian counterparts and their connection to various branches of mathematics such as topology and complex analysis. The study of such band structures may also find applications in laser design and in sensing. The spectra and eigenmode characteristics of extended non-Hermitian systems depend strongly on the boundary conditions. With periodic boundary conditions, the spectra can become complex, leading to band winding on the complex frequency plane. With open boundary conditions, the eigenmodes have spatial profiles that are localized at the boundary, an effect known as the non-Hermitian skin effect. Here we provide an overview of the band winding and skin effects in non-Hermitian photonics bands, focusing on one-dimensional cases and photonic applications. We aim to provide a detailed, consistent, and unifying treatment of various phenomena associated with non-Hermitian band structures.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"48 1","pages":"659"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changing face of phase change photonics","authors":"Xu Zhiyun, Chen Rui, Sun Hongyi, Roberts Christopher, Tibbetts Kevin, Polking Mark, Popescu Cosmin-Constantin, Gu Tian, Ríos Ocampo Carlos A., Majumdar Arka, Hu Juejun","doi":"10.1364/aop.566688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.566688","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable photonic devices capable of dynamically tuning their optical characteristics to adapt to different application demands on-the-fly have become a focus of intensive research and development efforts in recent years. Compared to classical tuning mechanisms relying on thermo-optic or electro-optic effects, the giant nonvolatile refractive index contrast provided by phase change materials (PCMs) upon solid-state structural transitions enables reconfigurable devices with an unprecedented compact footprint, zero static power consumption, and superior optical performance. These unique features have catalyzed phase change photonics, an emerging field characterized by a rapidly evolving research landscape. This review presents a deep dive into this dynamic field, spanning fundamental material design principles and processing techniques to PCM integration into various state-of-the-art device platforms and industry-standard foundry manufacturing processes. We also identify challenges that PCM photonics need to address and point out directions where exciting innovations will likely come to fruition in the near future.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"29 1","pages":"285"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical spin glasses","authors":"Strinati M. Calvanese, Gentilini S., Ghofraniha N., Pierangeli D., Conti C.","doi":"10.1364/aop.574825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.574825","url":null,"abstract":"Spin-glass theory emerged in the 1980s as a merger between theoretical physics and condensed matter. Soon, physicists realized that spin glasses serve as a paradigm for complex systems, as underscored by the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics, and for applications in machine learning and neuroscience, with a profound connection with the Hopfield model and Boltzmann machines, subjects of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics. However, the connection with optics and photonics is even more profound and fundamental; this connection was identified as early as 1982, with the first realizations of optical neural networks. Thirty years later, the first experimental demonstration of a pillar of spin-glass theory, the replica symmetry breaking, was reported in photonics. Nowadays, many scientists consider photonics as an effective solution for new hardware in artificial intelligence, capable of reducing energy consumption in training large machine-learning modules, and also more suitable for realizing fully connected models that underpin modern data-driven analysis. The substantial equivalence between linear optical propagation and a system of interacting binary spins is now well recognized, triggering the development of a new family of devices for both classical and quantum computing. This review is intended to detail the work of the past twenty years concerning the link between spin-glass theory and optics. After a simple introduction to the main ideas of spin glasses, we start from the first works aimed at finding a direct experimental proof of ideas such as the landscape and ultrametricity; then we report on “linear optical spin glasses,” which refer to the photonic simulation of various Ising models for combinatorial optimization and interlinked with quantum computers; finally, we discuss the emerging field of “nonlinear optical spin glasses,” driven by the impressive progress in the realization of coherent Ising machines with parametric oscillators, that opened an new research direction driven by the cross-fertilization of advanced theoretical physics, artificial intelligence, classical and quantum nonlinear optics.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"8 1","pages":"421"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-infrared free-space optical communications: a tutorial","authors":"Willner Alan E., Zhou Huibin, Zuo Yue, Su Xinzhou, Duan Yuxiang, Jiang Zile, Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan, Wang Yingning, Zeng Ruoyu, Zhao Zixun, Lian Hongkun, Heiniger Adam T., Tur Moshe, Zou Kaiheng, Pang Kai","doi":"10.1364/aop.582922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.582922","url":null,"abstract":"This tutorial provides an overview of free-space optical (FSO) communications operating in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelength bands. In the mid-IR region, there are two atmosphere transmission windows: (mid-wave infrared (MWIR) at 3–5 µm and long-wave infrared (LWIR) at 8–12 µm) with relatively low atmospheric absorption. Compared to near-infrared (near-IR) wavelengths (e.g., telecom C-band at \u00001.55 µm), mid-IR tends to be more resilient to atmospheric degradation effects (e.g., fog-induced scattering and atmospheric turbulence). Thus, using mid-IR wavelengths can enable more robust FSO links through challenging atmospheric conditions. This tutorial aims to review recent developments and advances in mid-IR FSO communications. Various devices and approaches for mid-IR data transmitters and receivers are discussed. Advanced demonstrations for single-channel and multi-channel-multiplexed high-capacity mid-IR FSO links are reviewed. This tutorial also discusses the challenges and limitations of current techniques, as well as the outlook for future research.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"10 1","pages":"520"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entanglement-based quantum information technology: a tutorial","authors":"Zheshen Zhang, Chenglong You, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Robert Fickler, Roberto de J. León-Montiel, Juan P. Torres, Travis S. Humble, Shuai Liu, Yi Xia, and Quntao Zhuang","doi":"10.1364/aop.497143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.497143","url":null,"abstract":"Entanglement is a quintessential quantum mechanical phenomenon with no classical equivalent. First discussed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen and formally introduced by Schrödinger in 1935, entanglement has grown from a scientific debate to a radically new resource that sparks a technological revolution. This review focuses on fundamentals and recent advances in entanglement-based quantum information technology (QIT), specifically in photonic systems. Photons are unique quantum information carriers with several advantages, such as their ability to operate at room temperature, their compatibility with existing communication and sensing infrastructures, and the availability of readily accessible optical components. Photons also interface well with other solid-state quantum platforms. We first provide an overview on entanglement, starting with an introduction to its development from a historical perspective followed by the theory for entanglement generation and the associated representative experiments. We then dive into the applications of entanglement-based QIT for sensing, imaging, spectroscopy, data processing, and communication. Before closing, we present an outlook for the architecture of the next-generation entanglement-based QIT and its prospective applications.","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon photonics for the visible and near infrared spectrum","authors":"Joyce Poon, Alperen Govdeli, Ankita Sharma, Xin Mu, Fu-Der Chen, Tianyuan Xue, Tianyi Liu","doi":"10.1364/aop.501846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/aop.501846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48960,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Optics and Photonics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}