Carbon Management最新文献

{"title":"Push-pull technology improves carbon stocks in rainfed smallholder agriculture in Western Kenya","authors":"P. C. Ndayisaba, S. Kuyah, Charles A. O. Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, Z. Khan","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2035823","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Push-pull technology improves agricultural productivity. However, its long-term effect on biomass carbon and soil organic carbon (SOC) is not yet known. The aims of this study were: to assess the effect of push-pull technology on (1) biomass carbon and (2) SOC, considering climatic conditions and the length of time that push-pull had been practiced on a farm; and (3) to establish the relationship between biomass carbon and SOC on farms. Aboveground biomass carbon and SOC were measured on 36 farms in western Kenya, encompassing three contrasting sites (Bondo, Siaya and Vihiga) and six cropping systems (push-pull and five non-push-pull systems). Farms in western Kenya stock between 3.0 ± 0.3 and 4.0 ± 0.4 t C ha−1 in crop biomass and between 24.4 ± 2.1 and 37.0 ± 2.6 t C ha−1 in the soil for those practicing push-pull, and between 1.1 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 t C ha−1 biomass carbon and between 19.2 ± 2.1 and 31.1 ± 1.7 t C ha−1 soil carbon for those without push-pull. There was no correlation between biomass carbon and SOC. Adoption of push-pull offers opportunities to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration in plants and soils in low-, medium- and high-rainfall environments in both long and short rain seasons.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"127 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and energy governance for the UK low carbon transition","authors":"S. Yue","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2061378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"178 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential greenhouse gas emissions mitigation through increased grazing pressure: a case study in North Portugal","authors":"Abderrahmane Ameray, J. Castro, M. Castro","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2029575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2029575","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wildfires have been an important process affecting forests and rangelands worldwide. In the Mediterranean region, wildfires burn about half a million hectares of forest and scrubland every year. Fuel loads are the main factor controlling fire risk and its propagation. The reduction of fuel loads by grazing could help to decrease the spread and intensity of wildfires in this region. This study aims to assess the contribution of sheep grazing on fuel load management and their role to the mitigation of wildfire greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The methodological approach is based on a simulation of the grazing pressure required to reduce a given quantity of fuel, under the assumption that if it is not consumed, it becomes fuel. Following, a simulation model was designed to estimate the total GHG emissions prevented through grazing, by reducing the risk of fire. These emissions were estimated based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework. The accumulated fuels were estimated to be 3126.65 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 and the biomass potentially consumed by sheep was 1416.03 kg DM ha−1 yr−1, corresponding to 45.29% of accumulated fuel loads. Our findings suggest a value of 3.88 sheep ha−1 day−1 as the ideal to reduce 4833.63 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 of emissions, distributed between CO2 (−2221.76 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 45.96%), NOx (−1873.41 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 38.76%), CO (−454.55 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 9.40%), CH4 (−186.35 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 3.86%) and N2O (−97.56 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1; 2%). The results of this study also underline that livestock can help to mitigate climate change in areas prone to wildfires.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"142 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing albedo to the GHG market","authors":"R. Hammerschlag","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2098176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2098176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A global warming potential of albedo (GWPA) is proposed, that represents the carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to a 0.01 increase in albedo over 1 m2 of horizontal surface. A survey of prior literature suggests GWPA ≈ −4.2 kgCO2/m2. Taking Los Angeles, CA as a test site for urban global warming mitigation actions, a residential “cool roof” project offers approximately seven times as much radiative forcing benefit from albedo change as from GHG reduction of energy efficiency; and a citywide increase to commercial building roof albedo offers radiative forcing benefit equivalent to the first 6½ years of all commercial sector GHG emission reductions proposed in the City of Los Angeles climate action plan. Discussion explores pathways and challenges to making albedo increases fungible with GHG reductions in GHG markets.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"372 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43867105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Above- and belowground biomass and biomass carbon stocks in homegarden agroforestry systems of different age groups at three sites of southern and southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"G. Kassa, T. Bekele, S. Demissew, T. Abebe","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2133743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2133743","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the loss of forests over time results in a net flux of carbon (C) into the atmosphere, the practice of agroforestry can combat this and serve as a long-term sink for CO2. Based on the inventory of 93 homegarden agroforestry systems (AFS) in three study sites and using a non-destructive method involving allometric equations, the research assessed aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) biomass and biomass C stocks across sites and along age groups in homegarden AFS in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. Plant diversity parameters were also gathered on perennial plant species. Results indicate that the mean perennial plant species richness per homegarden agroforestry, and other diversity parameters varied strongly among sites (p < 0.05). Biomass C stocks range from 18.11 at Malo Ezo to 32.86 Mg C ha−1 at Saja Laften for AG, 3.97 to 7.10 Mg C ha−1 for BG, and 22.02 to 39.96 Mg C ha−1, for each respective sites, for the overall biomass C stocks were recorded within the homegarden agroforestry systems. In terms of age groups, the mean total biomass C stock did show numerical change from the initial, ≤10 years (22.49 Mg C ha−1) to the middle age group, >10 and ≤20 years (39.96 Mg C ha−1), but it was stagnant 20 years onward (28.49 Mg C ha−1). The homegarden agroforestry systems had the potential to store up to 80.81–112.30 Mg·ha−1 of CO2 equivalents across sites, and 82.53–104.55 Mg·ha−1 of CO2 equivalents along age groups. A positive relationship was noted between AG woody biomass C stocks and attributes such as woody species richness, and woody plant density. Considering the involvement of large numbers of homegardeners, future improvements and expansion of homegarden agroforestry to larger areas can enhance to a great extent the potential to sequester C and thereby mitigate climate change.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"531 - 549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48145859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of projected carbon accumulation after implementing different forest management treatments in mixed-species stands in northern Maine","authors":"Joshua J. Puhlick, A. Weiskittel, I. Fernandez, Kevin A. Solarik, D. Sleep","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2063761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2063761","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comparing forest and harvested wood product carbon (C) stocks and accumulation among forest management treatments commonly applied in managed forests is needed to inform planning and policy decisions for C objectives. Therefore, pre- and post-harvest C stocks were quantified and C accumulation was projected over a 31-year period (to ∼2050) among forest management treatments that were applied on a subset (n = 3) of the Maine Adaptive Silviculture Network installations in northern Maine, USA. These installations included mature, second-growth forests composed of northern hardwood and hardwood-dominated mixedwood stands. Before treatments were initiated, average aboveground live tree C stocks ranged from 67.1 to 99.7 Mg ha−1. For the aboveground portions of live trees, dead wood and harvested wood products, the projected average annual net change in C (AAC) was 0.232 ± 1.164 Mg ha−1 year−1 (mean ± standard deviation). Models of projected AAC indicated that less biomass removal during harvests and greater representation of tree species with low tolerance of shade were associated with positive AAC values. The results emphasize the importance of leveraging multiple harvesting strategies to achieve C objectives, including consideration of forest reserves and using targeted yet operationally feasible silvicultural treatments that promote forest resilience relative to climate change.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"190 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass and soil carbon stocks of the main land use of the Allada Plateau (Southern Benin)","authors":"Issiakou Alladé Houssoukpèvi, Hervé Nonwègnon Sayimi Aholoukpè, Démayi Jorès Mauryo Fassinou, Murielle Nancy Rakotondrazafy, G. Amadji, L. Chapuis-Lardy, T. Chevallier","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2074314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2074314","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The inventory of the carbon (C) pools in Africa’s ecosystems is not well documented, although it is crucial to support climate mitigation policies. We quantified the C stocks in plant biomass, woody necromass, litter and soil (0–30 and 30–100 cm) for the five main land uses – forest, tree plantation, young and adult palm groves, croplands – of Ferralsols on the Allada plateau in southeast Benin. Forests have the highest total C stocks (389 ± 54 Mg C ha−1) compared with other land uses (222 ± 33, 154 ± 6, 105 ± 2, 77 ± 3 Mg C ha−1 in tree plantations, adult palm groves, young palm groves and croplands, respectively). The C stocks are higher in the biomass than in the soil (0–100 cm), e.g. in the forest, stocks were 279 ± 54 Mg C ha−1 in the biomass versus 83 ± 2 Mg C ha−1 in the soil. Differences of soil C stocks between land uses are low (≈ 28 Mg C ha−1) and concentrated in topsoils. The structure and species diversity of the forest partly explained the variability and the high C biomass compared to tree plantations. Type of forest and plantations is important to consider in conserving C stocks in landscapes.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"14 4","pages":"249 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41245712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allometric scaling, biomass accumulation and carbon stocks in natural highland bamboo (Oldeania alpina (K. Schum.) Stapleton) stands in Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Dagnew Yebeyen, S. Nemomissa, G. Sileshi, Worku Zewdie, B. Hailu, R. Rodríguez, F. H. Desalegne, T. M. Woldie","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2130090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2130090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bamboos provide a number of ecosystem services, including the provision of a permanent carbon (C) sink. The present study was undertaken in the Sheka forest, currently recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop species- and site-specific allometric models for biomass estimation and (2) quantify the carbon storage capacity of highland bamboo stands. A total of 12 plots each measuring 10 m x 10 m were established at a distance of 200 m in the forest. 96 culms were harvested for the development of biomass estimation equations. Litter samples were collected in 1 m x 1 m subplots, while soil samples were collected at 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm soil depths for determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. The estimated mean DBH, basal area and plant height were 7.0 cm, 53.2 m2 ha−1 and 12.9 m, respectively. The study has established allometric scaling of plant height with stem diameter in highland bamboo. It has also established that the allometric model is superior to commonly used non-linear H-DBH models. Aboveground biomass was estimated at 93 Mg ha−1 with mean C stocks of 43.7 Mg ha−1. The estimated below-ground biomass was 18.6 Mg ha−1 with C stocks of 8.7 Mg ha−1. The C stocks in the litter layer were estimated at 1.57 Mg ha−1. Average soil C storage was estimated at 388.12 Mg ha−1 within the 0–60 cm soil depth. In total, the natural highland bamboo stands store approximately 442.1 Mg C ha−1. The estimated C stocks were comparable with values reported for bamboos in Ethiopia and elsewhere. It is concluded that natural highland bamboo stands play a significant role as carbon sinks. The insights gained in this study are expected to be applicable to Afromontane ecosystems where highland bamboo occurs in Africa. HIGHLIGHTS Highland bamboo (Oldeania alpina) is a conspicuous element of Afromontane vegetation in Africa We developed models for estimating biomass carbon (C) stocks in highland bamboo stands We estimated biomass C stock of highland bamboo stands at 52.5 Mg ha−1 and litter C at 1.6 Mg ha−1 Soil organic C stock of highland bamboo stands was 388.1 Mg ha−1 Total system C in highland bamboo stands was over 442 Mg ha−1","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"482 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46594391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon disclosure project: Chinese chief executive officer background and corporate voluntary climate change reporting","authors":"Fahad Khalid, Zhiwei Ye, C. L. Voinea, Khwaja Naveed, R. Akram","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2083983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2083983","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite recent voluntary climate change reporting (VCCR) initiatives, such as the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Chinese companies continue to lag behind their global counterparts. This research contributes to the existing literature examining the effects of CEO background (specifically academic, foreign and political background) on corporate decisions to engage in VCCR. The data sample consists of Chinese listed companies that participated in CDP surveys during 2010–2017 (1041 final firm-year observations). The study’s descriptive findings reveal that most Chinese companies are reluctant to report their climate change information to the CDP as only 12% of Chinese companies participated in the CDP annual survey during the study period. However, using a logistic regression model, we find that CEOs with academic experience, foreign exposure and political connections positively affect firms’ decisions to engage in VCCR. The results remain robust when we use the propensity score matching technique to account for sample selection problems. Overall, the results are interpreted within the theoretical insights of the upper echelons perspective.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"321 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47156664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-period Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) for reducing emissions in the Trinidad and Tobago power generation sector","authors":"Dillon Ramsook, Donnie Boodlal, R. Maharaj","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2022.2038273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2022.2038273","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) aims to reduce the Business-As-Usual (BAU) emissions in its power generation sector by 28.7 MtCO2-e by 2030 according to its National Determined Contribution (NDC). Based on current published data, there appears to be a gap in quantifying the activity level and carbon intensity of planned actions to meet this target. Through two scenarios, this study explored the impacts of power plant dispatch optimization and new zero-carbon energy additions for T&T through adaptations of a widely used method called Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA). A national grid emission factor (GEF) of 0.56 MtCO2-e/TWh was determined using an internationally accepted methodology from gathered power plant data. The GEF was discretized to project a BAU case to benchmark both scenarios. Scenario 1 (S1) determined T&T would achieve 8% of the NDC target if the existing supply is optimized in the years 2022 to 2030 through the compound pinch points. To achieve the target, Scenario 2 (S2) determined that at least 47% of T&T’s grid energy needs to come from zero-emission carbon sources by 2022. This would equate to required capacities of 2,169 MW of solar photovoltaic or 1,549 MW of onshore wind using the most recent published capacity factors, and a decrease in the BAU GEF by 43%.","PeriodicalId":48941,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"164 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46907845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}