Freshwater Science最新文献

{"title":"Predator-permanence hypothesis in time: Community dynamics in a seasonally flooded wetland","authors":"Clifton B Ruehl, M. Pintar, J. Trexler","doi":"10.1086/721960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721960","url":null,"abstract":"The predator-permanence hypothesis predicts that as hydroperiod increases in lentic ecosystems, biotic interactions—mainly predation—replace physical factors like drying as the main determinant of community structure and population dynamics. We propose that the same transition occurs over time in seasonally flooded ecosystems that are connected to permanent water bodies. To test for evidence of successional changes that are similar to spatial changes in the relative importance of drying and predation, we used a 12-y time series of snail density, predator density, and water depth at 4 sites arranged along a nutrient gradient in a subtropical, seasonally flooded wetland, the Florida Everglades, USA. The rate of change in snail population size was negatively correlated with their density at all 4 sites, suggesting that density-dependent factors such as resource limitation regulate snail dynamics. The strength of the relationship varied among sites such that when water depth changes were less important, snail population size was more important in predicting changes in snail population size. At the site that consistently had the greatest snail density, crayfish density negatively affected the rate of snail population change, suggesting that crayfish predation may limit snail population growth in areas with more or higher-quality resources that support larger snail populations. Tethering studies were also conducted, which revealed higher snail mortality in the wet season, primarily because crushing predators (e.g., molluscivorous fishes) were more common at that time and added to the chronic mortality by entry-based predators (e.g., crayfish, which access snails through their aperture). In summary, 3 of the sites resembled temporary or permanent fishless ponds where snail populations were primarily structured by abiotic factors, intraspecific competition, and invertebrate predators (e.g., crayfish) during the wet season, whereas 1 site showed evidence that snail populations were also influenced by molluscivorous fish. This temporal change in importance of water permanence factors to fish that affected population dynamics supports the spatial pattern proposed by the predator-permanence hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47874643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Including equity in urban stream restoration: From historical wrongs to new paradigms","authors":"Erika Díaz-Pascacio, M. M. Castillo, Na’Taki Osborne Jelks","doi":"10.1086/721651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721651","url":null,"abstract":"As the practice of stream restoration continues expanding globally, the importance of including social factors and communities within the restoration or revitalization process also increases. Engineers and environmental scientists have acknowledged the crucial role of actively involving such communities, but community involvement poses challenges because there is little guidance on managing social processes and balancing different interests. Although many restoration efforts appear to be addressing the needs of crucial ecological habitats, there have been concerning disparities identified associated to race, ethnicity, and income. Through examining 2 case studies, we attempt to identify historical trends and to describe inequities, environmental burdens, and urgent needs of oppressed communities. This validation process also led us to explore systemic constraints that can perpetuate injustices. We suggest that an equity and environmental justice perspective can provide both context and an opportunity to recognize and address basic needs of communities. The ultimate goal of stream restoration should be to achieve solutions that provide true justice; therefore, considering power relations and finding causes rather than symptoms of inequities are both important to achieving more sustainable and equitable stream restoration outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41494752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the gap on wicked urban stream restoration problems: A framework to integrate science and community values","authors":"B. Murphy, Kathryn L. Russell, Charles C. Stillwell, R. Hawley, M. Scoggins, K. Hopkins, M. Burns, Kristine Taniguchi-Quan, K. Macneale, Robert Smith","doi":"10.1086/721134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721134","url":null,"abstract":"Restoring the health of urban streams has many of the characteristics of a wicked problem. Addressing a wicked problem requires managers, academics, practitioners, and community members to make negotiated tradeoffs and compromises to satisfy the values and perspectives of diverse stakeholders involved in setting restoration project goals and objectives. We conducted a gap analysis on 11 urban stream restoration projects to identify disconnections, underperformance issues, and missing processes in the project structures used to develop restoration project goals and objectives. We examined the gap analysis results to investigate whether managers appropriately identified problem statements and met stated objectives. Projects that aimed to restore overall stream health commonly fell short for various reasons, including limited stakeholder and community input and buy-in, revealing potential limitations in the breadth of objectives, values, and stakeholder perspectives and knowledge types. Projects that emphasized integrating community values and diverse knowledge types tended to meet the expected outcomes of restoring stream processes through incremental solutions. Managers implementing more holistic solutions and values-driven approaches are more likely to consider diverse viewpoints from a variety of community local institutions. Based on these and other results, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates diverse perspectives and knowledge to enhance social and ecological outcomes of urban stream restoration. The framework also emphasizes the importance of setting objectives that support incremental solutions to foster more realistic expectations amongst stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46253743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak differences in sensitivity to major ions by different larval stages of the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer","authors":"S. E. Orr, J. Cochran, I. Wallace, Rachel W. Gray, Gretta E. Overmyer, D. Buchwalter","doi":"10.1086/719359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/719359","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater salinization is a global ecological concern because of the alarming biodiversity declines associated with increases in major ion concentrations. Loss of mayfly diversity appears to be a common ecological response to anthropogenic salinization worldwide. Remarkably few regulatory standards exist to protect aquatic life from major ions, and antiquated approaches for setting such standards rely on traditional laboratory toxicity tests, which do not address sensitivities of mayflies at different larval stages. The lab-reared mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer (McDunnough, 1931) has emerged as one of the very few useful aquatic insect models for studying the effects of environmental stressors, including salinity, in the laboratory. Here, we asked if different larval life stages are differentially sensitivity to ion concentrations by conducting traditional 96-h toxicity tests with NaCl, CaCl2, and Ca/MgSO4. We used a general linear model to determine if survivorship differed among larval stages as well as ion type and concentration. We also calculated median lethal concentrations (LC50) for each larval stage. Larval sensitivity to NaCl decreased slightly with age (2–6, 9–13, and 17–21 d, with LC50 values of 401, 441, and 570 mg/L, respectively, when expressed as Na concentrations). Similarly, larval sensitivity to Ca/MgSO4 differed slightly among age groups (LC50 = 748, 1503, and 1439 mg/L, respectively, when expressed as SO4 concentrations). Reliable confidence intervals on LC50 values for CaCl2 could not be calculated because of high survivorship. However, our general linear model revealed that age played a moderate role in survival (p = 0.0065) across all salts of interest. To assess the potential changes in ion flux between larval stages, we used radiotracers (22Na, 35SO4, or 45Ca) in 18- and 25-d-old larvae and found no strong differences in ion uptake rates. We also qualitatively examined morphological differences between larval life stages, including the appearance of gills and number of ionocytes. Our results indicate that younger N. triangulifer larvae may be more sensitive to major ions than mature larvae. These results should be considered when experimentally using larger, late-stage N. triangulifer larvae to study the physiological effects and acute toxicity of salinity.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60725914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing stormwater management to facilitate urban stream restoration via a science-based approach","authors":"M. Wooten, R. Hawley, C. Rust","doi":"10.1086/721031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721031","url":null,"abstract":"Stormwater management affecting an urban stream is most effective when managers design programs tailored to the physical characteristics of the stream and the political and socioeconomic characteristics of the community it serves. Likewise, restoration projects and policy implementation should be designed to address the needs of the local community. This paper documents the development and implementation of a science-based, community-driven approach to stormwater management by a United States regional stormwater utility, Sanitation District No. 1 (SD1) of Northern Kentucky, USA, that manages stormwater in 3 suburban counties in the greater metropolitan area of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. SD1 began by establishing a hydrogeomorphic and biological monitoring program from 2006 to 2008 to gather the data needed to design a locally calibrated stormwater management program. SD1’s monitoring network has facilitated multiple cross-jurisdictional partnerships and provides validation for stormwater management rules and regulations that are tailored to Northern Kentucky. Moreover, the monitoring data has informed the activities of a watershed restoration program that prioritizes cost-effective geomorphic recovery by retrofitting existing stormwater management facilities. Furthermore, diverse stakeholders, such as local land developers, engineers, and members of the regulatory community, have embraced the data-driven approach and are currently collaborating with SD1 to incorporate hydrologic restoration via stormwater management activities into an existing program that generates stream mitigation credits. The sale of these credits, designed to mitigate the loss of stream habitat due to development, could then further fund the expansion of these restoration efforts. SD1’s approach could serve as a road map for other regional utilities hoping to tailor stormwater management to their streams and communities and find innovative funding sources for urban stream restoration.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42936304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of stream ecosystem respiration on stream network denitrification: Results from a simulation modeling experiment","authors":"S. Carlson, G. Poole","doi":"10.1086/720720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720720","url":null,"abstract":"Denitrification can remove substantial amounts of NO3− from stream networks, but controls on the magnitude and distribution of network-scale denitrification remain poorly understood. Prior research using an empirical relationship between stream [NO3−] and denitrification efficiency to construct a stream network denitrification model suggested that smaller, lower order streams contributed disproportionately to whole-network NO3− removal when NO3− loads were low. We expanded this model by incorporating an empirical relationship between whole-stream aerobic respiration rate and denitrification efficiency, which decreased the simulated sensitivity of NO3− removal to [NO3−] and displayed additional heterogeneity in NO3− removal associated with variation in respiration rates. We explored the sensitivity of the expanded model across a set of scenarios representing variation in stream respiration and NO3−-loading rates. Stream respiration rates used in these scenarios were determined from a theoretical relationship between aerobic respiration rate and stream temperature and were calculated for model scenarios representing warm (high respiration rate) and cool (low respiration rate) conditions. Our results indicated that reach- and network-scale denitrification is apt to be strongly influenced by respiration rates when NO3− supplies are high relative to removal rates. Therefore, the distribution of respiration rates across stream networks likely plays a more important role in determining spatial patterns of denitrification rates than previously described, highlighting a mechanism by which larger (higher order) streams may contribute substantially to whole-network denitrification.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47100421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of survival, growth, and feeding of the invasive Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) to salinity stress","authors":"Pengyuan Liu, B. Zhao, Jiaen Zhang, Z. Qin, Chunxia Zhang, Qinglin Jing, Jing Guo","doi":"10.1086/721026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721026","url":null,"abstract":"The Golden Apple Snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamark, 1822) is one of the most aggressive invasive freshwater snails and has been found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Their presence threatens trophic structure in invaded ecosystems (e.g., wetlands) and harms human health both directly (e.g., as a vector of parasites) and indirectly (e.g., through altering the provision of ecosystem services from uninvaded ecosystems). The tolerance of Golden Apple Snails to saltwater is of concern because they may pose an invasion risk into estuary habitats. We studied the salinity tolerance of Golden Apple Snails by determining differences in their survival, growth, and feeding at 5 salinity levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 practical salinity units [PSU]) over 30 d. Artificial seawater was prepared with aerated tap water and synthetic sea salt, consisting of NaCl (68.88%), KCl (1.79%), CaCl2 (2.55%), MgCl2 (8.67%), MgSO4 (5.36%), and NaHCO3 (12.75%). Snails were classified into 3 life stages based on shell length: juvenile (10–19.99 mm), mature (20–29.99 mm), and old snails (30–39.99 mm). Snails at all 3 life stages survived in salinities of 0 to 5.0 PSU but died within 9 d in salinities of 7.5 and 10.0 PSU. The survival percentage of snails decreased in the order: mature > old > juvenile. Snails across all life stages had reduced shell and mass growth with salinity exposure, but their feeding rate in salinity 2.5 and 5.0 PSU became similar to the control group after 23 d. Generally, Golden Apple Snails may live in waters of ≤5.0 PSU. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the activity of Golden Apple Snails in tropical and subtropical areas with salinities ≤5.0 PSU, which would be important for protecting against the snails’ destructive effects on productive resources.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qc threshold departs from theoretical Qc in urban watersheds: The role of streambed mobility data in managing the urban disturbance regime","authors":"R. Hawley, Kathryn L. Russell, L. Olinde","doi":"10.1086/720939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720939","url":null,"abstract":"The threshold discharge (Qc) for streambed mobilization is both biologically and geomorphically relevant to stream ecosystems. Excess streambed mobilization can disturb benthic organisms and initiate cycles of channel instability. The mechanistic relevance of Qc gives it great utility for aquatic ecosystem studies, stormwater management, and stream restoration design. However, field and laboratory data document considerable variability in Qc across hydrogeomorphic settings, underscoring the importance of using field data to calibrate the Qc estimate for a given stream or region. This paper shows how both high- and low-tech monitoring protocols can be used to constrain a Qc estimate, depending on monitoring program goals and budgets. Data from 3 hydrogeomorphically distinct settings in the USA and Australia show that the departure of Qc from theoretical estimates increases with watershed imperviousness. Although Qc estimates derived from conventional critical Shields stress values tend to be a reasonable and conservative starting point for stormwater management in streams that lack site-specific or regional data, streambed mobility monitoring is recommended to calibrate and validate Qc estimates for a stream or region prior to making large investments in stormwater interventions aimed at mitigating the urban streambed disturbance regime.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45550388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconceptualizing the hyporheic zone for nonperennial rivers and streams.","authors":"Amanda G DelVecchia,&nbsp;Margaret Shanafield,&nbsp;Margaret A Zimmer,&nbsp;Michelle H Busch,&nbsp;Corey A Krabbenhoft,&nbsp;Rachel Stubbington,&nbsp;Kendra E Kaiser,&nbsp;Ryan M Burrows,&nbsp;Jake Hosen,&nbsp;Thibault Datry,&nbsp;Stephanie K Kampf,&nbsp;Samuel C Zipper,&nbsp;Ken Fritz,&nbsp;Katie Costigan,&nbsp;Daniel C Allen","doi":"10.1086/720071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonperennial streams dominate global river networks and are increasing in occurrence across space and time. When surface flow ceases or the surface water dries, flow or moisture can be retained in the subsurface sediments of the hyporheic zone, supporting aquatic communities and ecosystem processes. However, hydrological and ecological definitions of the hyporheic zone have been developed in perennial rivers and emphasize the mixing of water and organisms, respectively, from both the surface stream and groundwater. The adaptation of such definitions to include both humid and dry unsaturated conditions could promote characterization of how hydrological and biogeochemical variability shape ecological communities within nonperennial hyporheic zones, advancing our understanding of both ecosystem structure and function in these habitats. To conceptualize hyporheic zones for nonperennial streams, we review how water sources and surface and subsurface structure influence hydrological and physicochemical conditions. We consider the extent of this zone and how biogeochemistry and ecology might vary with surface states. We then link these components to the composition of nonperennial stream communities. Next, we examine literature to identify priorities for hydrological and ecological research exploring nonperennial hyporheic zones. Lastly, by integrating hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology, we recommend a multidisciplinary conceptualization of the nonperennial hyporheic zone as the porous subsurface streambed sediments that shift between lotic, lentic, humid, and dry conditions in space and time to support aquatic-terrestrial biodiversity. As river drying increases in extent because of global change, we call for holistic, interdisciplinary research across the terrestrial and aquatic sciences to apply this conceptualization to characterize hyporheic zone structure and function across the full spectrum of hydrological states.</p>","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9280706/pdf/nihms-1817324.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Have stream diatom assemblages changed a decade after the loss of a foundation riparian tree species in a headwater Appalachian watershed?","authors":"Kelsey J. Solomon, R. Bixby, S. Wenger, C. Pringle","doi":"10.1086/720136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/720136","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial and stream ecosystems are interconnected, with changes in one system cascading to affect the other. Tree mortality related to nonnative pest infestation has increased, yet we do not understand the effects that riparian tree species losses will have on the structural characteristics of stream ecosystems. We compared riparian canopy cover, algal standing crop, and diatom assemblage composition in 8 southern Appalachian headwater stream reaches within the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in North Carolina, USA, before and after a massive die-off of riparian eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) related to the introduction of hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand), an invasive insect. We analyzed historical preserved algal samples collected prior to hemlock die-off, in both summer (September 2005) and winter (January 2006), and used multivariate analyses to compare them to samples collected in the same 8 reaches and seasons 13 y following hemlock die-off (2018–2019). We predicted that increased canopy openness following hemlock death would change light availability and lead to higher standing crop and increases in the relative biovolume of high-profile diatoms. Contrary to our expectations, we found little difference in canopy cover and lower algal standing crop 13 y post-hemlock die-off, likely due to increased basal area of the understory shrub, Rhododendron maximum L., that replaced shade cover formerly provided by hemlock. Diatom assemblages were dominated by acidophilic taxa (e.g., Eunotia spp.) across all stream reaches before and after hemlock die-off. We observed some shifts in diatom assemblage composition, but the relative biovolume of a majority of the top 20 most abundant taxa, including Eunotia incisa W. Sm. ex W. Greg., Nupela lapidosa (Krasske) Lange-Bert., and Meridion alansmithii Brant (an endemic taxon), remained relatively unchanged 13 y after hemlock mortality. Diatom assemblages differed post-hemlock die-off in summer but not winter due to a decrease in the relative biovolume of Eunotia metamondon complex and an increase in the relative biovolume of Eunotia rhomboidea complex. Our study highlights the relative stability of diatom assemblage composition in southern Appalachian streams and the importance of long-term studies following a major riparian disturbance.","PeriodicalId":48926,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41713727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}