Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"The environmental health impacts of Russia’s war on Ukraine","authors":"Daniel Hryhorczuk, Barry S. Levy, Mykola Prodanchuk, Oleksandr Kravchuk, Nataliia Bubalo, Alex Hryhorczuk, Timothy B. Erickson","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00398-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00398-y","url":null,"abstract":"Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 ignited the largest armed conflict in Europe since World War II. Ukrainian government agencies, civil society organizations, and international agencies have gathered an unprecedented amount of data about the impact of war on the environment, which is often the silent victim of war. We review these data and highlight the limitations of international governance for protection of the environment during time of war. We performed an integrative review of academic, institutional, and media information resources using the search terms “Ukraine”, “Russia”, “war”, “environment”, “health”, “human rights”, “international humanitarian law”, “international human rights law”, “ecocide”, and “war crimes”. Nearly 500,000 military personnel have been killed or wounded during the war, and more than 30,000 civilians have been killed or injured. Indirect health effects of the war have likely accounted for an even greater amount of civilian morbidity and mortality. The war has displaced more than 11 million people. Russia’s military forces have caused extensive damage to civilian infrastructure. The war has devastated Ukraine’s economy and reduced food and energy security in many countries. The war has caused more than $56.4 billion in damage to the environment. There has been widespread chemical contamination of air, water, and soil, and 30% of Ukraine has been contaminated with landmines and unexploded ordnance. Landscape destruction, shelling, wildfires, deforestation, and pollution have adversely affected 30% of Ukraine’s protected areas. Russia’s seizure of the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant and destruction of the Nova Kakhovka Dam have posed risks of long-term environmental catastrophe. Most of these environmental impacts threaten human health. In addition to enormous human costs, Russia’s war on Ukraine has had devastating impacts on the natural environment and the built environment. International law mandates that methods of warfare must be implemented with due regard to the protection and preservation of the natural environment. A just and lasting peace necessitates, among other requirements, rebuilding and restoration of Ukraine’s natural environment and built environment. The environmental consequences of all wars need to be investigated and more effective measures need to be implemented to protect the environment during war.","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139102570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary function assessment after COVID-19 in vaccinated healthcare workers","authors":"Lorenzo Ippoliti, Luca Coppeta, Giuseppina Somma, Giuseppe Bizzarro, Francesco Borelli, Teresa Crispino, Cristiana Ferrari, Ilaria Iannuzzi, Andrea Mazza, Agostino Paolino, Andrea Magrini, Antonio Pietroiusti","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00400-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00400-7","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 typically presents with flu-like symptoms due to the viral infection itself. The most severe cases are characterised by lung damage, an important factor in fatal outcome due to alveolar damage. In some cases, patients develop a long COVID with persistent symptoms of chest pain and fatigue. Causes, including organ damage or inflammation, are being investigated. Clinical outcomes are variable and permanent lung damage is not fully understood, while vaccination is effective against severe infection but its effect on respiratory function in mild cases remains uncertain. This retrospective study aims to analyse changes in lung function in HCWs who had COVID-19 between 2020 and 2022, comparing their spirometric test results before and after the pandemic and taking into account their vaccination status. 321 HCWs were included in the study. The study examined spirometric parameters both before and after the pandemic, and all measured outcomes except the FEV1/FVC ratio showed a significant decrease during the study period. We then assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in lung function parameters, analysing infections in 2020, 2021 and 2022 separately. We found a statistically significant difference in Forced vital capacity (FVC) between infected and non-infected subjects in 2020 and 2021, but not in 2022. To evaluate the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on respiratory function, a linear regression analysis was performed using changes in FVC, Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC/FEV1 ratio and Peak expiratory flow (PEF) as dependent variables. The analysis showed that the decline in FVC was significantly lower in subjects who had been vaccinated prior to infection. The study concludes that subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections in 2020 and 2021 worsened respiratory parameters (FVC and FEV1), but vaccination protected against these effects. Even healthy individuals with previous infections showed respiratory changes, with vaccination providing protection, especially for FVC decline. This highlights the importance of vaccinating healthcare workers against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"33 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy working in inclusive companies – a study protocol of the GAIN project","authors":"Fabian Holzgreve, Bettina Bredereck, Christopher Heim, Britta Weber, Rolf Ellegast, David A. Groneberg, Christian Gaum, Daniela Ohlendorf","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00399-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00399-x","url":null,"abstract":"The research project GAIN (working healthy in inclusion companies) deals with the topics of health and work in inclusive companies. Due to a great need for research on (occupational) health (e.g. physical and mental health status) and workplace design in companies employing people with disabilities, this project pursues the primary goal of generating information for the development and implementation of health-preserving measures within the framework of occupational health and safety, and risk assessment, for employees with and without impairments in inclusive companies. Within the framework of the project, the employees of three inclusive companies will be examined with the help of an interdisciplinary and triangulative approach. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, specific physical workloads and hazards will be investigated by means of baseline screening methods and measurement techniques, specifically among employees with physical disabilities and impairments. In the statistical analysis, descriptive methods will be used to record the current state, while inferential statistical methods will be used to evaluate health maintenance measures. Inferential statistics for continuous data with confidence intervals based on the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) method will also be performed. The significance level will be set at 5%. Qualitative methods will be used to analyse structures and working conditions within the companies, with particular attention to the specific construction of the relationship between work, health and disability. The structures in inclusion companies must be specifically designed to support and promote the understanding of work and health in relation to the idea of one’s own body, its positioning in space and its performance. These characteristics are to be identified in the course of the project and bundled into best-practice recommendations. Furthermore, it is the aim of the research project to derive recommendations for action at its conclusion and to present further advice for the promotion of health in inclusive companies.","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical workload and cardiopulmonary parameters in relation to individual capacity of bulk waste workers – a cross-sectional field-study","authors":"Alexander Michael Kraft, Marcial Velasco Garrido, Robert Herold, Volker Harth, Alexandra Marita Preisser","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00389-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00389-z","url":null,"abstract":"Waste collection is considered particularly heavy work, although no previous study has yet investigated the strain of bulk waste collection. The aim of this study is to determine the workload of bulk waste workers in practice. We conducted a cross-sectional field-study. Fourteen male volunteers from the bulk waste collection of the municipal sanitation department in Hamburg, Germany, were included. Performance was determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing under laboratory conditions. During the shift, each worker was accompanied by a researcher, and heart rate (HR) was recorded under field conditions using an HR watch with a belt system. We examined mean HR, relative heart rate (RHR), relative aerobic strain (RAS), calculated oxygen uptake ( $$mathrm{overset{.}{V}O}_2$$ ) and individual ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) as parameters of workload during their daily work. During the shift, HR was scaled: 102 bpm (SD 10.2), RHR: 36.9%, $$mathrm{overset{.}{V}O}_2$$ : 1267 ml/min (SD 161), RAS: 49.4% (SD 9.3), and $$mathrm{overset{.}{V}O}_2$$ in relation to VT1: 75% (SD 18.5). There was no significant difference between oxygen consumption during the main task of lifting and carrying bulky waste and the individual $$mathrm{overset{.}{V}O}_2$$ at VT1. Although the burden of the main task of lifting and carrying bulky waste is very high (at VT1 for more than 3 h), interruptions from other tasks or formal breaks spread the burden over the entire shift. The total workload exceeded most recommendations in the literature across the different work periods. However, the total burden remains below VT1, the only parameter that takes individual endurance performance into account. We recommend again VT1 as an individual upper limit for prolonged occupational work.","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138691904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rudolph, the kids’ ward reindeer: a scoping review of the effects of support animals on the well-being of healthcare staff","authors":"Thomas C. Erren, Jonas Wallraff, Ursula Wild, David M. Shaw, Philip Lewis","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00395-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00395-1","url":null,"abstract":"Many systematic reviews identify support animals or animal assisted activity as a beneficial and standard practice in several medical disciplines for patients (children, adolescents, and adults) and residents in care homes. A variety of animals are used such as dogs, cats, ponies, horses, alpacas, reindeer, penguins, rabbits, and tarantulas. Our objective was to explore the evidence regarding effects of animal assisted activity on a further population of interest; namely, healthcare staff. We asked the question “how do support animals in healthcare settings affect the well-being of healthcare staff?” As an addendum, we were also interested in what - possibly more unique - animals have visited healthcare settings at Christmas time in particular. We conducted a scoping literature review using PubMed and Web of Science (search as of 26 April 2023). Twenty studies (in the USA, Australia, Europe; dogs: n = 19; cats: n = 1) since 2002 included: studies with biological measures (n = 3), longitudinal survey studies with analyses (n = 5), cross-sectional survey studies with analyses (n = 2), and cross-sectional survey studies with descriptive statistics (n = 10). Overall, animal assisted activities appear to be well-received by staff and there do not seem to be negative impacts on staff well-being. Relevant positive effects and avenues of research are identified. Our review suggests that, but not exactly how, animal assisted activity benefits staff. Study evidence is limited with most studies being cross-sectional, descriptive, having low participant numbers, and mostly only involving dogs. Nonetheless, the evidence is mostly positive. The potential of animal assisted activities impacting positively on staff well-being warrants systematic research. Gaps in hard-fact-evidence should not deter us – especially at the festive season – to encourage work with, and systematic research regarding, support animals that provide warmth, empathy, comfort, and more in healthcare settings.","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138577134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation exposure doses to the surgical team during hip surgery is significantly higher during lateral imaging than posteroanterior imaging: a cadaveric simulation study.","authors":"Yasuaki Tamaki, Kazuta Yamashita, Daiki Nakajima, Yasuyuki Omichi, Yoshinori Takahashi, Michihiro Takai, Shunsuke Tamaki, Tomohiro Goto, Hiroaki Hayashi, Kosaku Higashino, Yoshihiro Tsuruo, Koichi Sairyo","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00396-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-023-00396-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fluoroscopy is indispensable when determining appropriate and effective interventions in orthopedic surgery. On the other hand, there is growing concern about the health hazards of occupational radiation exposure. The aim of this cadaveric simulation study was to measure radiation exposure doses to the surgical team during hip surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reproduced the intraoperative setting of hip surgery using 7 fresh frozen cadavers (5 male, 2 female) to simulate patients and mannequins to simulate the surgeon, scrub nurse, and anesthesiologist. Six real-time dosimeters were mounted at sites corresponding to the optic lens, thyroid gland, chest, gonads, foot, and hand on each mannequin. The radiation exposure dose to each team member was measured during posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopic imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiation exposure doses to the surgeon were significantly higher during 3 min of lateral imaging than during 3 min of posteroanterior imaging at the optic lens (8.1 times higher), thyroid gland (10.3 times), chest (10.8 times), and hand (19.8 times) (p = 0.018, p = 0.018, p = 0.018, and p = 0.018, respectively). During lateral imaging, the radiation doses to the nurse were 0.16, 0.12, 0.09, 0.72, and 0.38 times those to the surgeon at the optic lens, thyroid, chest, gonads, and foot, respectively. The radiation dose to the anesthesiologist was zero at all anatomic sites during posteroanterior imaging and very small during lateral imaging.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Radiation exposure dose was significantly higher during lateral imaging up to 19.8 times comparing to the posteroanterior imaging. It is effective to reduce the lateral imaging time for reducing the intraoperative radiation exposure. In addition, appropriate distance from fluoroscopy resulted in very low exposure for nurses and anesthesiologists. Surgeon should pay attention that surgical staff do not get closer than necessary to the irradiation field.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10688452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-month cost-effectiveness of adding motivational interviewing or a stratified vocational advice intervention to usual case management for workers with musculoskeletal disorders: the MI-NAV economic evaluation.","authors":"Alexander Tingulstad, Esther T Maas, Tarjei Rysstad, Britt Elin Øiestad, Fiona Aanesen, Are Hugo Pripp, Maurits W Van Tulder, Margreth Grotle","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00394-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-023-00394-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluates the six-month cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of motivational interviewing (MI) or a stratified vocational advice intervention (SVAI) added to usual case management (UC) for workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted alongside a three-arm RCT including 514 employed workers on sick leave for at least 50% for ≥ 7 weeks. All participants received UC. The UC + MI group received two MI sessions, and the UC + SVAI group received 1-4 SVAI sessions. Sickness absence days, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and societal costs were measured between baseline and six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adding MI to UC, resulted in incremental cost-reduction of -2580EUR (95%CI -5687;612), and a reduction in QALYs of -0.001 (95%CI -0.02;0.01). Secondly, adding MI to UC resulted in an incremental cost-reduction of -538EUR (95%CI -1358;352), and reduction of 5.08 (95%CI -3.3;13.5) sickness-absence days. Financial return estimates were positive, but not statistically significant. Adding SVAI to UC, resulted in an incremental cost-reduction of -2899 EUR (95% CI -5840;18), and a reduction in QALYs of 0.002 (95% CI -0.02;0.01). Secondly, adding SVAI to UC resulted in an statistically significant incremental cost-reduction of -695 EUR (95% CI -1459;-3), and a reduction of 7.9 (95% CI -0.04;15.9) sickness absence days. Financial return estimates were positive and statistically significant. The probabilities of cost-effectiveness for QALYs were high for adding MI or SVAI (ceiling ratio 0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In comparison to UC only, adding MI to UC tends to be cost-effective. Adding SVAI to UC is cost-effective for workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03871712).</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky working conditions and chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Rui Lan, Yao Qin, Xiangjun Chen, Jinbo Hu, Wenjin Luo, Yan Shen, Xue Li, Lina Mao, Hanwen Ye, Zhihong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00393-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-023-00393-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals in the workplace are exposed to various environments, tasks, and schedules. Previous studies have indicated a link between occupational exposures and an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the social conditions of the work environment may also be a crucial contributing factor to CKD. Furthermore, individuals may encounter multiple occupational-related risk factors simultaneously, underscoring the importance of investigating the joint risk of different working conditions on CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective analysis of 65,069 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years without CKD at baseline (2006-2010) was performed. A self-administered questionnaire assessed working conditions and a working conditions risk score were developed. Participants who answered \"sometimes\" or \"often\" exposure to occupational heat or occupational secondhand cigarette smoke; involved in shift work or heavy workloads (\"usually\" or \"always\"), were grouped as high-risk working conditions. Each working condition was scored as 1 if grouped as high-risk, and 0 if not. The working conditions risk score was equal to the sum of these four working conditions. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the associations between working conditions and CKD incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean follow-up time was 6.7 years. After adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and working time factors, the hazard ratios for the development of CKD for heavy workloads, shift work, occupational secondhand cigarette smoke exposure, and occupational heat exposure were 1.24 (95%CI = 1.03, 1.51), 1.33 (95%CI = 1.10, 1.62), 1.13 (95%CI = 1.01, 1.26), 1.11 (95%CI = 0.99, 1.24), respectively. The risk of CKD was found to be significantly associated with an increasing working conditions risk score. Individuals with a working conditions risk score of 4 had an 88.0% (95% CI = 1.05, 3.35) higher risk of developing CKD when compared to those with a working conditions risk score of 0.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adverse working conditions, particularly when considered in combination, can significantly elevate the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). These results provide a reference for implementing measures to prevent CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10644450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of asbestos fibers in some normal and pathological extra-abdominal tissues-a scoping review.","authors":"Francesca Graziosi, Paola Caffaro, Mattia Bonetti, Francesco Roccuzzo, Samantha Rota, Paolo Boffetta, Yohama Auxiliadora Caraballo-Arias, Carlotta Zunarelli, Nataliia Danilevskaia, Francesco Saverio Violante","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00392-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-023-00392-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asbestos is a mineral present in nature and it has been used for years in numerous settings. Asbestos enters the bloodstream and lymphatic system mainly through breathing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Studies with asbestos fiber's quantification in human tissues are scarce except for the lung. This article summarizes asbestos studies in some extra-abdominal tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review of articles that quantified asbestos fibers in extra-abdominal tissues (lymph nodes, pharynx, larynx, trachea, heart) by electron microscopy (Scanning-SEM or Transmission-TEM) was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 10 studies selected comprised 52 cases, out of whom 108 samples were analyzed. Mostly samples were lymph node tissues (102), followed by larynx (3) and myocardium (3). No studies were found that determined the presence of asbestos in the pharynx or trachea. The concentration of asbestos fibers detected in the lymph nodes was from 0.003 million fibers per gram of dry tissue (mfgdt) up to 7400 mfgdt, in the larynx the range was from 0.5 mfgdt up to 3.6 mfgdt, in myocardium no asbestos fibers were detected.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The studies included were heterogeneous in terms of case and sample characteristics and analytical techniques. As subjects exposed to asbestos are often positive for fibers in thoracic lymph nodes, we suggest that whenever a human tissue sample is analyzed for asbestos presence, the relevant draining lymph node should be concomitantly studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10634162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of chlorpyrifos exposure on UVB irradiation induced toxicity in human skin cells.","authors":"Krzysztof Sawicki, Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek, Marcin Kruszewski, Paulina Wojtyła-Buciora, Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak","doi":"10.1186/s12995-023-00391-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-023-00391-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although chlorpyrifos (CPS) has been banned in many developed countries, it still remains one of the best-selling pesticides in the world. Widespread environmental and occupational exposure to CPS pose a serious risk to human health. Another environmental factor that can adversely affect human health is ultraviolet radiation B (UVB, 280-315 nm wave length). Here we attempt determine if exposure to CPS can modify toxic effects of UVB. Such situation might be a common phenomenon in agriculture workers, where exposure to both factors takes place.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two skin cell lines; namely human immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT and BJ human fibroblasts were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was investigated using a cell membrane damage detection assay (LDH Cytotoxicity Assay), a DNA damage detection assay (Comet Assay), an apoptosis induction detection assay (Apo-ONE Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay) and a cell reactive oxygen species detection assay (ROS-Glo H₂O₂ assay). Cytokine IL-6 production was also measured in cells using an ELISA IL-6 Assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-incubation of skin cells with CPS significantly increased UVB-induced toxicity at the highest UVB doses (15 and 20 mJ/cm²). Also pre-exposure of BJ cells to CPS significantly increased the level of DNA damage, except for 20 mJ/cm² UVB. In contrast, pre-exposure of HaCaT cells, to CPS prior to UVB radiation did not cause any significant changes. A decrease in caspase 3/7 activity was observed in HaCaT cells pre-exposed to 250 µM CPS and 5 mJ/cm² UVB. Meanwhile, no statistically significant changes were observed in fibroblasts. In HaCaT cells, pre-exposure to CPS resulted in a statistically significant increase in ROS production. Also, in BJ cells, similar results were obtained except for 20 mJ/cm². Interestingly, CPS seems to inhibited IL-6 production in HaCaT and BJ cells exposed to UVB (in the case of HaCaT cells for all UVB doses, while for BJ cells only at 15 and 20 mJ/cm²).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the present study indicates that CPS may contribute to the increased UVB-induced toxicity in skin cells, which was likely due to the induction of ROS formation along with the generation of DNA damage. However, further studies are required to gain better understanding of the mechanisms involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10559529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41167721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}