Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Firefighting, other protective service occupations and prostate cancer risk: a pooled analysis of three case-control studies.","authors":"Wendy Bijoux, Marie-Élise Parent, Hugues Richard, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Marina Pollán, Manolis Kogevinas, Kurt Straif, Florence Menegaux","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00464-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00464-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orofacial pain and oral health-related quality of life in woodwind and cello musicians in German orchestras: an online based questionnaire study.","authors":"Felix Marschner, Armin Sokolowski, Alwin Sokolowski, Jana Biermann, Annette Wiegand","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00467-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00467-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Occupational factors and the type of instrument played may influence physical and psychological health, affecting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study assessed the prevalence of orofacial pain, sleep bruxism, stress, and OHRQoL among woodwind musicians (oboe, flute, clarinet, bassoon) in German professional orchestras, compared to cellists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A standard online questionnaire was sent to all 129 German professional orchestras. Orofacial pain, stress, and sleep-related issues in the past 30 days were evaluated. The German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) assessed OHRQoL. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed (statistical significance p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 243 musicians were included. Orofacial pain was reported by 35.8%, sleep bruxism by 63.0%, and stress by 88.9% of the participant. Orofacial pain was significantly associated with female gender (p = 0.027; odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-4.02), frequent sleep bruxism (p = 0.013; OR = 2.65, 95%-CI: 1.23-5.69), frequent stress (p = 0.002; OR = 3.19, 95%-CI: 1.53-6.63), and difficulties initiating sleep after evening shifts (p = 0.003; OR = 2.90, 95%-CI: 1.45-5.80), but not with the instrument played. OHIP-14 scores did not differ significantly between instrument groups (p = 0.629), but correlated with orofacial pain (p < 0.001), sleep bruxism (p < 0.001), stress (p = 0.002), and sleep difficulties (p = 0.040).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orofacial pain and sleep bruxism are common among professional musicians, with stress-related factors playing a more significant role than the instrument played.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06618898, 27.09.2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorine gas and ultrafine particle emissions from bleach disinfection: exposure risk characterization.","authors":"Luca Fontana, Luigi Fappiano, Luca Stabile, Antoine Chaillon, Giorgio Buonanno","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00465-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00465-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chlorine-based disinfectants, such as bleach, are widely used in healthcare settings. However, their use has been linked to occupational respiratory risks. During disinfection, both chlorine gas and ultrafine particles (UFPs) can be generated, yet their exposure dynamics and health impacts remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the emissions of chlorine gas and UFPs during disinfection under varying environmental and surface conditions to better understand exposure dynamics and inform risk mitigation strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Controlled experiments were conducted in a sealed chamber to simulate typical healthcare disinfection scenarios. Bleach was tested under different conditions of temperature, light exposure, and in the presence of organic contaminants, including simulated vomit, urine, and blood. Chlorine gas was quantified using electrochemical sensors, while UFP emissions were measured using a condensation particle counter and mobility particle sizers. Additional validation experiments were performed in real-world office settings before and after cleaning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chlorine gas was primarily emitted when bleach interacted with organic contaminants, particularly acidic substances such as simulated vomit, with an emission factor of 9.4 × 10⁶ µg/min/m². In contrast, UFP emissions were highest on clean surfaces under elevated temperature and light exposure, reaching up to 1.0 × 10¹¹ particles/min/m². Real-world validation confirmed that cleaning prior to disinfection significantly reduced chlorine gas emissions but led to increased UFP formation. Chlorine gas and UFP emissions were rarely observed simultaneously, indicating distinct and independent emission pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bleach-based disinfection generates airborne hazards through separate mechanisms: chlorine gas via reactions with organic residues and UFPs through secondary processes influenced by environmental conditions. These findings support enhanced cleaning protocols, improved ventilation, and the need for regulatory attention to UFP exposure in occupational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by non-healthcare occupations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Katharina M A Gabriel, Christin Schröder, Rebecca Wolf, Ulrich Bolm-Audorff, Camilla Kienast, Joanna Smolinska, Gabriela Petereit-Haack, Andreas Seidler","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00462-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00462-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, several industries were deemed essential. However, information on infection risk in occupational settings outside of healthcare workers and medical staff (HCWs) remain scarce. Thus, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to compile the risk of infection to SARS-CoV-2 in non-healthcare workers (non-HCWs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, medRχiv) for studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in working population. Several stages of severity (infection, hospitalisation, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), mortality) were eligible. Occupational specifications were harmonised according to the German classification of professions (KldB). All reported risk estimators were considered. Studies were analysed for their risk of bias. Results of random-effects meta-analyses were assessed for their evidence according to GRADE. Subgroup analyses were run for 'outcome', 'comparison group', and 'risk of bias'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 9,081 publications identified, 25 were recognised as eligible, mainly describing the first year of the pandemic. For 20 occupations, we were able to carry out meta-analyses on KldB-4-level by integrating all stages of severity. Nine occupations were identified with a statistically significantly increased risk of infection for SARS-CoV-2, four of which had a relative risk (RR) of > 2: Occupations in meat processing (RR = 3.58 [95%-CI 1.46; 8.77]), occupations in building cleaning services (RR = 2.55 [95%-CI 1.51; 4.31]), occupations in cargo handling (RR = 2.52 [95%-CI 2.27; 2.79]) and cooks (RR = 2.53 [95%-CI 1.75; 3.67]). The certainty of evidence of eight results was found moderate or high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The first systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in occupations other than HCWs revealed a considerably elevated risk in individual related services as well as in commercial services.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42021297572.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication aspects of feedback from workers' health surveillance due to hand-arm vibration exposure - a scoping review.","authors":"Catarina Nordander, Mats Hagberg, Eirik Reierth, Tohr Nilsson","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00463-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00463-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The feedback of the surveillance results to the employee and the employer largely determines the impact of workers' health surveillance on workers' health and exposure. We are unaware of any guidebooks or articles on performing feedback on regulated workers' health surveillance, e.g., for vibration-exposed workers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify existing knowledge of the communication aspects related to workers' health surveillance feedback in hand-arm vibration exposure, considering the perspectives of employees, employers, and groups.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>We followed the extension for the Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. No time limits were set, so the databases were searched from their start (MEDLINE 1946 and EMBASE 1947) until the date of the full search (March 2024). Relevant information was extracted from 30 articles-none concerned hand-arm vibration but covered aspects of workers' health surveillance feedback.</p><p><strong>Sources of evidence: </strong>Two authors screened all abstracts in random pairs. They were blinded to each other's results. The third author resolved conflicts. Inclusion criteria were full-text articles, humans, workers' health surveillance, and aspects of communication reporting results to the employee, the workplace, or a health surveillance system. Altogether, 1914 abstracts were screened, and 84 full-text articles were assessed, of which 54 were excluded as they did not fulfill the criteria. The final publications selected included 30 articles published between 1980 and 2023; two blinded authors extracted relevant information in random pairs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 16 of the included studies of longitudinal design, seven qualitative studies, four studies were cross-sectional, and three publications were reviews. The studies reported on workers' health surveillance that addressed musculoskeletal disorders and pain (n=8), risk of cardiovascular disorders (n=4) or hearing disorder (n=3), workability and fitness for duty (n=3), mental health (n=2), allergy/ asthma (n=2), and cancer (n=1). Additionally, seven studies addressed a mixture of disorders and general health (n=7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No publications addressed communication in workers' health surveillance due to hand-arm vibration exposure. However, we identified 30 studies addressing feedback from workers' health surveillance that were also relevant to workers' health surveillance due to hand-arm vibration exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effort-reward-imbalance, burnout, and physical pain mediate the relationship between overcommitment and depression in German Emergency Medical Technicians.","authors":"Laura Manns, Claus Vögele, Pascal Stammet, André Schulz","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00461-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00461-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overcommitment (OC) is highly prevalent in health care employees, and may predict depression symptoms. The literature suggests that the relationship between OC and depression is mediated by Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI), burnout and physical pain. This study tested a two-step mediation effect between OC and depression by ERI in a first, and burnout and physical pain in a second step using a cohort of German Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out on a volunteer sample of 303 EMTs in Germany. OC and ERI were assessed using the ERI questionnaire, burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, physical pain with the Short Form 36, and depression with the BDI-II. The relationship between these variables was tested using a mediation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a partial mediation effect between OC and depression via ERI, burnout (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment) and physical pain. The mediation effect of emotional exhaustion is significantly higher than those of depersonalization and physical pain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The partial mediation effect suggests the validity of our model assumptions, but also indicates direct relationships between variables (i.e. OC, ERI and depression). The identification of emotional exhaustion as key mediator implies that prevention and intervention approaches in EMTs should be based on this indicator.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of occupational health on the African continent.","authors":"Michele A Riva, Raz Dekel, Benoit Nemery, Paul D Blanc, Rajen N Naidoo","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00459-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00459-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The history of occupational health on the African continent is important but under-studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed key resources related to medical history from the Ancient Egypt through the Ottoman Empire period. For the colonial era, we examined archival records, official reports, and historiographical studies, focusing on key cases from French North Africa, Belgian Congo, Italian East Africa, and British South Africa. To explore occupational health in Africa during the post-colonial period, we supplemented biomedical publications with data from governmental reports and policy documents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The history of occupational health on the African continent has been characterized by poor working conditions, especially in mineral extraction. Colonial exploitation frequently worsened these underlying problems. The post-colonial record suggests that many past deficiencies continue.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>An integrated approach to the history of occupational health on the African continent provides context for better understanding current problems and for anticipating future trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of occupational hazards, health effects, and personal protective equipment usage among motorcycle food delivery riders in Thailand: a cross-sectional survey.","authors":"Siriaran Kwangsukstith, Vithawat Surawattanasakul, Chollada Mahakkanukrauh, Jinjuta Panumasvivat, Wachiranun Sirikul","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00460-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00460-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motorcycle Food Delivery Riders (MFDRs) play a vital role in the online food delivery industry, yet their prolonged time on the road exposes them to numerous occupational hazards, health risks, making them more vulnerable than both regular motorcyclists and the general population. The study aimed to investigate the working conditions, occupational hazards, health issues, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the association between occupational hazards and health effects among Thai MFDRs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to mid-February 2022 in Chiang Mai, Thailand, using an anonymous self-reported survey. A total of 709 MFDRs participated in the survey. Data were collected on background information, job characteristics, occupational hazards, health issues, and the use of PPE over the previous six months. The data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most MFDRs are frequently exposed to physical hazards, including heat and sunlight (91.6%), as well as chemical hazards such as exhaust smoke (90.1%) and particulate matter (PM) (86.1%). Most MFDRs reported suffering from musculoskeletal disorders (62.1%) and eyes-related problems (45.1%). The most common problems were shoulder pain (39.2%), neck pain (38.1%), and burning eyes (33.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that biomechanical hazards are significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (p < 0.05), while psychological hazards significantly associated with headaches, insomnia, and feeling depressed (p < 0.05). Additionally, physical hazards such as sunlight and heat, noise, and whole-body vibrations, are also significantly associated with headaches, flu-like symptoms, and insomnia (p < 0.05). The most worn PPE by the participants were helmets (99.72%), long-leg pants (99.72%), masks (99.29%), and thermal jackets (98.17%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high prevalence of occupational hazards and health issues among MFDRs is worrisome. It is critical for platform companies and health sectors to introduce effective protective measures for workers, including establishing health surveillance, and supplying PPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The human long noncoding RNAs CoroMarker, MALAT1, CDR1as, and LINC00460 in whole blood of individuals after controlled short‑term exposure with ultrafine metal fume particles at workplace conditions, and in human macrophages in vitro.","authors":"Theresa Scheurer, Jan Steffens, Agnieszka Markert, Miriam Du Marchie Sarvaas, Christoph Roderburg, Lothar Rink, Frank Tacke, Tom Luedde, Thomas Kraus, Ralf Baumann","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00458-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00458-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach for the implementation of ergonomics in sonography to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (ErgoSon).","authors":"Johannes Matthias Weimer, Bastian Dumancic, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Josefine Rombusch, Benjamin Ernst, Alexa Krambeck, Rejane Golbach, Eugen Topal, Christian Maurer-Grubinger, Carlotta Ille, David A Groneberg, Christina Erbe, Daniela Ohlendorf, Fabian Holzgreve","doi":"10.1186/s12995-025-00457-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12995-025-00457-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A substantial body of research has documented a high prevalence of neck, shoulder, wrist, and back pain among sonography users. However, the specific postures that contribute to these complaints have scarcely been systematically investigated, to date. This proposed study offers a novel method to record users' body posture during sonography examinations kinematically and to survey the complaints of sonography users in various specialities. Using this data, well-founded ergonomic recommendations for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) will be developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A minimum of 38 study participants across two groups (19 beginners; 19 experienced) per speciality (head and neck sonography, abdominal sonography, cardiac sonography, musculoskeletal sonography, and obstetric/gynaecological sonography) will be assessed using kinematic whole-body (including finger movements) analysis based on inertial motion capture. Subsequently, ergonomic risk will be determined by integrating the quantitative data into the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Moreover, a questionnaire on musculoskeletal complaints and ergonomics in sonography will be used in certified sonography courses, ultrasound-based centres, and university teaching. The primary outcome measures of this proposed study include typical tasks based on joint angles and assessment using RULA scores. In addition, the prevalence of WRMSDs will be recorded. The Mann-Whitney-U test will be employed to calculate the differences between the two study groups in each speciality. In addition, inferential statistical comparisons will be conducted for continuous data using confidence bands; the statistical parametric mapping method will be employed here. The significance level will be set at p = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This article proposes a study (or series of studies) to describe the continuous ergonomic risk for typical tasks across different disciplines of sonography and to identify increased ergonomic risks. Such studies offer significant potential for preventing WRMSDs. The insights gained could inform the future design of prevention programmes and the development of recommendations for action, as well as teaching sonography users an ergonomically optimised way of working. The results could suggest that ergonomics training is incorporated more thoroughly into ultrasound training curricula to minimise health risks for future users.</p>","PeriodicalId":48903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology","volume":"20 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}