International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AND LIVER, MANIFESTATIONS, PROGNOSIS, MECHANISMS, TREATMENT, AND CHALLENGES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW","authors":"None Subhan Haider, None Awais Ahmed Uttra, None Saniya Sohail, None Ayesha Ghani, None Furqan Ahmed","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v4i2.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i2.84","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The first case of coronavirus was found in December 2019 in Wuhan a city in China since then it has severe impact all over the world. The typical signs and symptoms of coronavirus patients consist of cough, fever, lethargy, and shortness of breath (SOB). Objectives: The current review contains summarized and complete information on the effect of coronavirus on GIT, Liver and its manifestations, prognosis, mechanisms, treatment, and challenges. Methodology: The data was collected via an electronic search of numerous scientific sources including Google scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. Results: The main complaints in COVID-19 positive patients are linked to the respiratory system but many patients also complained of gastrointestinal problems like vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and in some cases, anorexia, increased acidity, and bloating. The mechanisms of GI damage in corona-virus patients are direct virus-mediated cytotoxic damage in the intestinal epithelium, dysregulation of the RAAS in the intestinal epithelium, malabsorption of tryptophan in the intestinal epithelium. Various scientific studies also report that COVID-19 patients had abnormal levels of ALT and AST suggesting a possible liver injury. The possible mechanisms of liver damage in corona-virus patients are direct hepatic infection by corona-virus, cytokine storm, and drug-induced damage. The prognosis is poor in both GI and liver abnormalities in corona-virus patients. According to some studies, patients with considerable liver injury should be treated with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and jaundice-decreasing agents. Natural plants and herbs can be used in coronavirus patients with GI and liver abnormalities. However, further research is necessary in this area for a complete assessment of the effect of coronavirus infection on GI and liver abnormalities and appropriate testing of therapeutic agents used against these abnormalities. Conclusion: In a nutshell, our results conclude that both gastrointestinal symptoms and liver damage are not unusual in patients with coronavirus infection. Severe coronavirus patients had a greater risk of developing gastrointestinal symptoms and liver damage.","PeriodicalId":488883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135358543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATHOLOGY TEACHING LEARNING METHODS – STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION AND FEEDBACK","authors":"Dr. Fauzia Sadiq, Dr. Asad Amin, Taha Tariq, Javeria Ahmed, Azan Ali, Dr. Shazia I Rasa","doi":"10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56536/ijpihs.v4i1.66","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pathology is a key subject at the pre-clinical stage of medical training which needs regular feedback. The clinical years of medical students start from 3rd year MBBS, where importance of pathogenesis of disease is taught that enable the students to appreciate medicine with better conception. Monitoring the teaching and learning methods of the facilitators is necessary for departmental quality improvement. Objectives: The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the student’s feedback in form of questionnaire about pathology teaching followed in the college in Lahore Medical & Dental College from 2021 to Dec 2021. Methodology: 345 students participated in the study and filled a structured pre-validated feedback questionnaire regarding the didactic lecture method of teaching being followed at pathology department Lahore Medical and Dental College. Questionnaire included set of questions on teaching and learning methods. Descriptive statistics were used in the form of frequency distribution and percentages were used to analyze the data. Results: 33.3% students found pathology subject interesting, 47.5% clinically helpful, and 27.5% considered General Pathology to be a difficult subject. Conclusion: Taking feedbacks from the students is one of the accepted and reliable methods of assessment. Majority of the students were satisfied with the present teaching learning method. Introduction of integrated teaching and case based and group-based discussion was favored by majority of the students. Regular feedback will improve our future teaching strategy.","PeriodicalId":488883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}