Andrew Muhammad, Emiliano López Barrera, Norbert L.W. Wilson
{"title":"Global Food Demand: Overcoming Challenges to Healthy and Sustainable Diets","authors":"Andrew Muhammad, Emiliano López Barrera, Norbert L.W. Wilson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-040421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-040421","url":null,"abstract":"We review the research on global food demand and examine modeling efforts to address the complexities of dietary transitions. We also highlight challenges affecting the economic feasibility of dietary targets aimed at promoting both human health and environmental sustainability (e.g., EAT-<jats:italic>Lancet</jats:italic>). The relationships among income, prices, and food demand play an important role in understanding how economic growth impacts nutrition and sustainability. As countries become more affluent, and food accounts for a smaller share of income, dietary transitions often lead to increased consumption of both resource-intensive and energy-dense foods. Modeling strategies must account for these dynamics to accurately project future resource needs and nutritional outcomes. Research should also consider the cost of healthy diets within the context of both food and nonfood expenditures. When both are considered, considerably fewer people can afford proposed sustainable diets. Economic, environmental, and health perspectives should all be integrated when developing strategies to promote healthy and sustainable diets.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"588 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144259961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate Change Impacts on Public Finances Around the World","authors":"Lint Barrage","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-011624-035902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-011624-035902","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews a rapidly growing literature on how climatic risks and events affect public finances around the world. This literature includes empirical evaluations of how past climatic events have affected fiscal outcomes, empirical and model-based assessments of how climatic risks affect public borrowing costs, and macro-fiscal-climate models that investigate the policy and welfare implications of fiscal climate risks. This article highlights five stylized facts that emerge from this literature and points to important knowledge gaps for future research. Key findings include the facts that (<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) the fiscal costs of climatic risks are economically significant overall, (<jats:italic>b</jats:italic>) lower-income and credit-constrained regions are especially vulnerable and poorly insured against growing climatic fiscal risks, but (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) fiscal policy responses to climatic risks can mitigate their economic impacts substantially.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Capital","authors":"Jayash Paudel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-013403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-013403","url":null,"abstract":"The extent to which natural disasters influence changes in human capital and productivity remains an open empirical question with significant policy implications. This article provides a systematic review of econometric studies examining the economic impacts of natural disasters on human capital over the past 10 to 15 years. It concentrates exclusively on quantitative studies with both macro-level and micro-level economic analyses that emphasize causal inference and offer valuable insights for policy makers. Macro-level evidence on the economic impact of natural disasters focuses on economic growth, which has direct repercussions on changes in human capital. Micro-level empirical evidence highlights new findings on how natural disasters affect educational attainment and physical health outcomes. The article also discusses key limitations of existing studies and offers directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Dillon, Travis J. Lybbert, Hope Michelson, Jessica Rudder
{"title":"Agricultural Input Markets in Sub-Saharan Africa: Theory and Evidence from the (Underappreciated) Supply Side","authors":"Andrew Dillon, Travis J. Lybbert, Hope Michelson, Jessica Rudder","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-102324-122108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-102324-122108","url":null,"abstract":"Economists have long studied the diffusion of improved agricultural technologies, often aiming to understand and relax the constraints that discourage their adoption among smallholder farmers. While this effort has documented and explored a long list of on-farm market constraints, the role of agrodealers in agricultural input markets has received far less attention—a critical blind spot. We review the empirical literature on input markets in low-income countries with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. We argue that the relative sparsity of this literature reflects limitations in our workhorse models of the household and the firm combined with a supply-side data gap due to infrequent systematic surveys of agrodealer firms. Consequently, we understand too little about the diverse input supply chains that culminate with agrodealers—large and small—marketing key inputs to farmers. We synthesize current findings and articulate a research agenda centered on agricultural input markets, including implications for research methods.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roderick M. Rejesus, Serkan Aglasan, Lawson Connor
{"title":"Economic and Policy Drivers of Climate-Smart Soil Health Practices in the United States","authors":"Roderick M. Rejesus, Serkan Aglasan, Lawson Connor","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-013308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-013308","url":null,"abstract":"Climate-smart soil health practices, such as cover crops and no-till, are considered to be key elements for climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture. We examine the empirical literature that provides data-driven evidence on the impact of cover crops and no-till on several economic variables of interest, such as yields, inputs, profits, risk, erosion, and water quality. In general, existing studies provide mixed evidence on the impacts of cover crops and no-till on these outcomes. Moreover, we discuss the empirical literature exploring the impact of economic and policy-related variables on adopting cover crops and no-till. We find that a number of studies examine the effects of federal payment programs on cover crop and no-till adoption, but more work is still needed to examine the effects of payments from state-level programs and carbon markets. We also identify promising research topics in the economics of climate-smart soil health practices.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Economics of Household Water Access: A Review and Research Roadmap for “Water for All”","authors":"Johanna Choumert-Nkolo, Pascale Phélinas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-121223-014639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-121223-014639","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring universal access to clean water remains one of the most pressing global challenges, particularly in low-income countries. Despite considerable efforts under the United Nations Millennium Development Goal and Sustainable Development Goals, progress has been uneven, with persistent gaps in infrastructure financing and service delivery. In this review, we critically assess current measurements of water access, which fail to capture the true state of access. Standard metrics often emphasize the presence of infrastructure. We propose using dynamic measurement frameworks that go beyond infrastructure presence and include indicators for reliability, temporal variability, quality, affordability, and gender-based disparities. We also examine the potential and limitations of emerging technologies in measuring water access. To complement improved measurement, we review evaluation practices of water interventions, which are dominated by experimental methods. While these methods are useful for identifying causal impacts, they often overlook key factors such as long-term functionality, maintenance challenges, user and community engagement, and local institutional capacity that determine the effectiveness and sustainability of water access solutions. We argue for combining quantitative impact evaluation methods with qualitative evaluation methods to address these gaps and better understand how water interventions interact with complex socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender and Agricultural Productivity","authors":"Cheryl R. Doss","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-094322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-112923-094322","url":null,"abstract":"A growing literature on agricultural productivity in low- and middle-income countries has asked whether the gender of farmers may influence the level or growth rate of productivity. Using new data at the plot level, researchers have compared the productivity of plots managed by men and women. Expanding these analyses to include jointly managed and collectively managed plots has provided new insights. A promising trend, especially for contexts where family farms are managed as a unit, is to consider the productivity implications of specific characteristics of household members and their roles in farming. Women's empowerment and expanded roles in decision-making have been shown to improve household-level agricultural productivity. But as rural landscapes are transforming, it is also important to consider the gender and productivity issues arising in commercial and medium-scale farms, in contract farming and outgrower schemes, and in wage labor in agriculture. This article identifies both the potentials and limitations of different research methods and approaches.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Economic Perspective on Planetary Boundaries","authors":"Edward B. Barbier","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-013024-033016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-013024-033016","url":null,"abstract":"In the current era of ecological scarcity and rising global environmental risks, there are increasing calls for limits on damage to the environment. Some scientists advocate imposing planetary boundaries to protect key Earth system processes from human impacts. This article reviews the economic implications of such an approach. From an economic perspective, planetary boundaries represent both a relative and absolute scarcity problem. Imposing such absolute limits may avoid undesirable tipping points, but they are not sufficient for optimal environmental management. The failure to tackle increasing relative ecological scarcity will lead to unsustainable use and could make keeping within limits unattainable. In view of these challenges raised by the planetary boundary approach, economics has three important roles: more robust modeling of the environmental impacts to incorporate risk and uncertainty, valuing ecological capital and its services, and informing local and global policies for improved management of globally important resources and sinks.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small Business Disaster Recovery in the United States","authors":"Maria I. Marshall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-011724-082853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-011724-082853","url":null,"abstract":"Natural disasters pose significant challenges to small businesses, as they are more vulnerable to shocks. Their recovery is crucial to the resilience of communities. This literature review explores the topic of US small business disaster recovery by examining research in economics, management, and disaster studies. The review highlights a consensus among small business researchers that even within the small business sector, size matters. There is an understanding that space and time play a crucial role not only in the recovery process itself but also in how researchers may need to measure recovery. A common thread is that the recovery process may not have a prescriptive endpoint, and that the endpoint to recovery may be in the eye of the beholder. The review exposes significant gaps in the literature, particularly regarding long-term recovery processes, standardized measurement metrics, and the complicated dynamics between business and household recovery.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keith O. Fuglie, Thomas W. Hertel, David B. Lobell, Nelson B. Villoria
{"title":"Agricultural Productivity and Climate Mitigation","authors":"Keith O. Fuglie, Thomas W. Hertel, David B. Lobell, Nelson B. Villoria","doi":"10.1146/annurev-resource-101323-094349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-101323-094349","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture will play a central role in meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets, as the sector currently contributes ∼22% of global emissions. Because emissions are directly tied to resources employed in farm production, such as land, fertilizer, and ruminant animals, the productivity of input use tends to be inversely related to emissions intensity. We review evidence on how productivity gains in agriculture have contributed to historical changes in emissions, how they affect land use emissions both locally and globally, and how investments in research and development (R&D) affect productivity and therefore emissions. The world average agricultural emissions intensity fell by more than half since 1990, with a strong correlation between a region's agricultural productivity growth and reduction in emissions intensity. Additional investment in agricultural R&D offers an opportunity for cost-effective (<US$30 per ton carbon dioxide) and large-scale emissions reductions. Innovations that target specific commodities or inputs could even further reduce the cost of climate mitigation in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":48856,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Resource Economics","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142384406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}