Earth-Economy Modeling: Advances in Linking Economic and Ecosystem Models

This article reviews a wide range of models that integrate ecological and economic systems, presenting Earth-Economy (EE) modeling as a general approach for sustainable management in these contexts. EE models combine global, general equilibrium economic models with high-resolution Earth system models and include two-way linkages between Earth systems and the economy, enabling data-focused decision support for sustainability. We conduct a systematic review of models related to this domain, create a typology of relevant models, and discuss the interconnections between them. We include a detailed definition of EE modeling and discuss how the relevant models can be integrated and extended to improve the comprehensiveness with which we model sustainability. This review shows both the importance and associated challenges, but also the high demand, for this type of model.