Authorea (Authorea)最新文献_第4页

Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Physical and Mental Health of U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Adults 美国性和性别少数群体成年人身心健康的种族差异

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.22541/au.170000834.42958476/v1

Luis Espinoza, Lucas Espinoza, Kim Nguyen-Finn, Leticia Nevarez Zavala

{"title":"Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Physical and Mental Health of U.S. Sexual and Gender Minority Adults","authors":"Luis Espinoza, Lucas Espinoza, Kim Nguyen-Finn, Leticia Nevarez Zavala","doi":"10.22541/au.170000834.42958476/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000834.42958476/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender individuals have persistent obstacles pertaining to their sexual orientation and gender identity, including but not limited to discrimination, prejudice, assault, limited access to healthcare, and inadequate social support. The present study investigates whether there are racial-ethnic differences in the physical and mental health (MH) of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Data from 28,345 adults who participated in the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System answered questions regarding sexual orientation (SO), transgender identity (TI), physical health (PH), and MH. SO, and TI were associated with overall general health, acute MH, acute PH, and specific chronic conditions. SO, and TI were associated with acute MH, PH chronic conditions, and overall general health, but not acute PH. Bisexuals had more chronic conditions than heterosexuals and worse acute MH than heterosexuals. SO, and TI strongly predicted acute PH and MH status respectively. These findings can assist healthcare providers in developing strategies to reduce health disparities among SGMs.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing, refining and reflecting on 3 years of daily evidence surveillance for Australia's living national COVID-19 guidelines 设计、完善和反思澳大利亚COVID-19全国活体指南的3年每日证据监测

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.22541/au.170000956.66740754/v1

Steve McDonald, Tari Turner

{"title":"Designing, refining and reflecting on 3 years of daily evidence surveillance for Australia's living national COVID-19 guidelines","authors":"Steve McDonald, Tari Turner","doi":"10.22541/au.170000956.66740754/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170000956.66740754/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Australia’s national living guidelines for COVID-19 were launched in April 2020 and include over 200 recommendations to guide the clinical care of patients with COVID-19. Until the guidelines were retired in August 2023, new evidence was continually monitored through daily surveillance. This paper describes how evidence surveillance was established (at a time when efforts to collate information on the novel coronavirus were in their infancy and often duplicative) and how it evolved throughout the pandemic. Among the wide range of sources monitored, the collections of COVID-19 research from leading medical journals, medRxiv preprints and PubMed auto alerts proved the most enduring in identifying time-critical and impactful evidence. The paper also explores how evidence was tracked and surveillance integrated into the overall evidence workflow by using messaging apps and communication platforms. Several factors contributed to the feasibility of daily surveillance, including the clearly defined scope of the guidelines; focusing efforts on maximum impact; minimising duplication by partnering with others; setting up simple but effective processes for managing evidence; and the value of continuous involvement of personnel from the outset. The example of Australia’s living COVID-19 guidelines has demonstrated the feasibility and essential role of daily evidence surveillance in maintaining COVID-19 living guidelines for over 3 years.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"1 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136229536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular engineered xanthene-based AIE dyes for tunable fluorescence switch 分子工程黄原基AIE可调荧光开关染料

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.22541/au.170000827.71841547/v1

Rui Guo, Wenhui Song, Jiyoung Yoo, Changyu Yoon, Yinhu Ai, Yan Yin, Jong Seung Kim, Weiying Lin

引用次数: 0

Brute force prey metabarcoding to explore the diets of small invertebrates 蛮力猎物元条形码探索小型无脊椎动物的饮食

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/au.169994799.99897209/v1

Snorre Flo, Anna Vader, Kim Præbel

{"title":"Brute force prey metabarcoding to explore the diets of small invertebrates","authors":"Snorre Flo, Anna Vader, Kim Præbel","doi":"10.22541/au.169994799.99897209/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169994799.99897209/v1","url":null,"abstract":"1. Prey metabarcoding has become a popular tool in molecular ecology for resolving trophic interactions at high resolution, from various sample types and animals. To date, most predator-prey studies of small-sized animals (<1 mm) have met the problem of overabundant predator DNA in dietary samples by adding blocking primers/peptide nucleic acids. These primers aim to limit the PCR amplification and detection of the predator DNA but may introduce bias to the prey composition identified by interacting with sequences that are similar to those of the predator. 2. Here we demonstrate the use of an alternative method to explore the prey of small marine copepods using whole-body DNA extracts and deep, brute force metabarcoding of an 18S rDNA fragment. 3. After processing and curating raw data from two sequencing runs of varying depth (0.4 and 5.4 billion raw reads), we isolated 1.3 and 52.2 million prey reads, with average depths of ~15 900 and ~120 000 prey reads per copepod individual, respectively. While data from both sequencing runs were sufficient to distinguish dietary compositions from disparate seasons, locations and copepod species, greater sequencing depth led to better separation of clusters. 4. As computation and sequencing are becoming ever more powerful and affordable, we expect the brute force approach to become a general standard for prey metabarcoding, as it offers a simple and affordable solution to consumers that are impractical to dissect or unknown to science.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"1 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A biological dipole variability in the Indian Ocean 印度洋生物偶极变异性

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000399.94972609/v1

Kyung Min Noh, Jong-Seong Kug, Gayan Pathirana, Dong-Geon Lee, Huiji Lee

引用次数: 0

Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean 欧洲和地中海地区的降水变化

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000349.97043887/v1

Julie Camille André, Fabio D'Andrea, Philippe J Drobinski, Caroline Muller

{"title":"Regimes of precipitation change over Europe and the Mediterranean","authors":"Julie Camille André, Fabio D'Andrea, Philippe J Drobinski, Caroline Muller","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000349.97043887/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000349.97043887/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean region is experiencing pronounced aridification and in certain areas higher occurrence of intense precipitation.In this work, we analyze the evolution of the rainfall probability distribution in terms of precipitating days (or “wet-days”) and all-days quantile trends, in Europe and the Mediterranean, using the ERA5 reanalysis.Looking at the form of wet-days quantile trends curves, we identify four regimes.Two are predominant: in most of Northern Europe the rainfall quantiles all intensify, while in the Mediterranean the low-medium quantiles are mostly decreasing as extremes intensify.The wet-days distribution is then modeled by a Weibull law with two parameters, whose changes capture the four regimes.Assessing the significance of the parameter changes over 1950–2020 shows that a signal on wet-days distribution has already emerged in Northern Europe (where the distribution shifts to more intense rainfall), but not yet in the Mediterranean, where the natural variability is stronger.We extend the results by describing the all-days distribution change as the wet-days’, plus a contribution from the dry-days frequency change, and study their relative contribution.In Northern Europe, the wet-days distribution change is the dominant driver, and the contribution of dry-days frequency change can be neglected for wet-days percentiles above about 50%.In the Mediterranean, however, the contribution to all-days change of wet-days distribution change is much smaller than the one of dry-days frequency.Therefore, in the Mediterranean the increase of dry-days frequency is crucial for all-days trends, even when looking at heavy precipitations.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"26 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflecting on Our Present Self-Awareness of Not Having Found Any Life Beyond Earth 反思我们目前没有在地球外发现任何生命的自我意识

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000013.32359841/v1

Jonathan H Jiang, Stuart Fisher Taylor, Nick Searra, Philip E. Rosen

引用次数: 0

Aerosol Atmospheric Rivers as Drivers of Extreme Poor Air Quality Events and Record PM2.5 Levels 气溶胶大气河流是极端恶劣空气质量事件和创纪录PM2.5水平的驱动因素

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000500.05855700/v1

Sudip Chakraborty, Bin Guan, Duane Edward Waliser, Arlindo M. daSilva, Jonathan H Jiang

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Potential of Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Predicting Net CO2 Exchange Across Various Ecosystems With Multi-Source Data 利用多源数据探索长短期记忆网络预测不同生态系统净二氧化碳交换的潜力

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/essoar.170000018.89933793/v1

Chengcheng Huang, Wei He, Jinxiu Liu, Ngoc Tu Nguyen, Hua Yang, Yiming Lv, Hui Chen, Mengyao Zhao

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Predicting Net CO2 Exchange Across Various Ecosystems With Multi-Source Data","authors":"Chengcheng Huang, Wei He, Jinxiu Liu, Ngoc Tu Nguyen, Hua Yang, Yiming Lv, Hui Chen, Mengyao Zhao","doi":"10.22541/essoar.170000018.89933793/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000018.89933793/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Upscaling flux tower measurements based on machine learning (ML) algorithms is an essential approach for large-scale net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) estimation, but existing ML upscaling methods face some challenges, particularly in capturing NEE interannual variations (IAVs) that may relate to lagged effects. With the capacity of characterizing temporal memory effects, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are expected to help solve this problem. Here we explored the potential of LSTM for predicting NEE across various ecosystems using flux tower data over 82 sites in North America. The LSTM model with differentiated plant function types (PFTs) demonstrates the capability to explain 79.19% (R2 = 0.79) of the monthly variations in NEE within the testing set, with RMSE and MAE values of 0.89 and 0.57 g C m-2 d-1 respectively (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Moreover, the LSTM model performed robustly in predicting cross-site variability, with 67.19% of the sites that can be predicted by both LSTM models with and without distinguished PFTs showing improved predictive ability. Most importantly, the IAV of predicted NEE highly correlated with that in flux observations (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), clearly outperforming that by the random forest model (r = -0.21, p = 0.011). Among all nine PFTs, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence, downward shortwave radiation, and leaf area index are the most important variables for explaining NEE variations, collectively accounting for approximately 54.01% in total. This study highlights the great potential of LSTM for improving carbon flux upscaling with multi-source remote sensing data.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"9 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrological Response to Land Use Land Cover and Climate Variability, and Simulation of Sediment Export and Water Yield in the Catchment Kotri Sindh Pakistan Using SWAT Model 基于SWAT模型的巴基斯坦信德省Kotri流域土地利用、土地覆盖和气候变率的水文响应及产沙量模拟

Authorea (Authorea) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.22541/au.169999221.18673873/v1

Rabia Chhachhar, Dr.Habibullah Abbasi

{"title":"Hydrological Response to Land Use Land Cover and Climate Variability, and Simulation of Sediment Export and Water Yield in the Catchment Kotri Sindh Pakistan Using SWAT Model","authors":"Rabia Chhachhar, Dr.Habibullah Abbasi","doi":"10.22541/au.169999221.18673873/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.169999221.18673873/v1","url":null,"abstract":"The water availability concerns have been increasing due to having significant impacts of Land use land cover change and climate variability. In terms of developing countries, it is one of the biggest challenges to overcome and manage sustainability in the present and future. This study aims to evaluate the change in hydrological components and simulation of sediment yield and water yield on the large-scale basin of Kotri barrage with a change in streamflow due to a change in LULC. This study has been done on the watershed as well as the sub-watershed level to have an accurate estimation and simulation by finding the response of hydrological components towards its natural and human-induced factors using the Soil and Water Assessment tool (SWAT) with high-resolution geospatial and temporal inputs over the Kotri catchment. The sediment and water yield were quantified using 42 years of simulation (1990-2022) on the sub-basin level, projected to LuLc 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2022. The increase in deforestation, agriculture, and settlement areas resulted increase in sediment load in the catchment. The sub-basins 14, 11, 12, and 13, with a high elevation and slope and with less vegetation showed higher sediment load and water yield than the sub-basins with gentle slope and with high natural vegetation cover. The sub-basins 10, 4, and 1 showed high water yield availability compared to basins 2,3,5,6,7,8,9. This may be the result of vegetation differences. However, contained less sediment load than basins 14, 11, 12, and 13. The main objective was to quantify the significant changes affecting catchment and sub-catchment areas, to have a better understanding of the management plan regarding LULC. The simulated data was further projected to prediction using machine algorithms (ARIMA) model for precipitation prediction, and (SARIMAX) model to predict the sediment yield and water yield in the catchment to 2060.","PeriodicalId":487619,"journal":{"name":"Authorea (Authorea)","volume":"17 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0