Applied Sciences-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling Functional Dysphagia: A Game-Changing Automated Machine-Learning Diagnostic Approach","authors":"A. Zifan, Junyue Lin, Zihan Peng, Yiqing Bo, R. Mittal","doi":"10.3390/app131810116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810116","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: Dysphagia affects around 16% of the US population. Diagnostic tests like X-ray barium swallow and endoscopy are used initially to diagnose the cause of dysphagia, followed by high-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM). If the above tests are normal, the patient is classified as functional dysphagia (FD), suggesting esophageal sensory dysfunction. HRM records only the contraction phase of peristalsis, not the distension phase. We investigated the utilization of esophageal distension–contraction patterns for the automatic classification of FD, using artificial intelligent shallow learners. (2) Methods: Studies were performed in 30 healthy subjects and 30 patients with FD. Custom-built software (Dplots 1.0) was used to extract relevant esophageal distension–contraction features. Next, we used multiple shallow learners, namely support vector machines, random forest, K-nearest neighbors, and logistic regression, to determine which had the best performance in terms of accuracy, precision, and recall. (3) Results: In the proximal segment, LR produced the best results, with accuracy of 91.7% and precision of 92.86%, using only distension features. In the distal segment, random forest produced accuracy of 90.5% and precision of 91.1% using both pressure and distension features. (4) Conclusions: Findings emphasize the crucial role of abnormality in the distension phase of peristalsis in FD patients.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42587858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Schedulability of the EDZL Scheduling Algorithm on Multiprocessors","authors":"Sangchul Han, Woojin Paik, Myeong-Cheol Ko, Minkyu Park","doi":"10.3390/app131810131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810131","url":null,"abstract":"As multiprocessor (or multicore) real-time systems become popular, there has been much research on multiprocessor real-time scheduling algorithms. This work evaluates EDZL (Earliest Deadline until Zero Laxity), a scheduling algorithm for real-time multiprocessor systems. First, we compare the performance of EDZL schedulability tests. We measure and compare the ratio of task sets admitted by each test. We also investigate the dominance between EDZL schedulability tests and discover that the union of the demand-based test and the utilization-based test is an effective combination. Second, we compare the schedulability of EDZL and EDF(k). We prove that the union of the EDZL schedulability tests dominates the EDF(k) schedulability test, i.e., the union of the EDZL schedulability tests can admit all task sets admitted by the EDF(k) schedulability test. We also compare the schedulability of EDZL and EDF(k) through scheduling simulation by measuring the ratio of successfully scheduled task sets. EDZL can successfully schedule 7.0% more task sets than EDF(k).","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47230528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Contrastive Learning Algorithms for Sentence Representation Based on Simple Data Augmentation","authors":"Xiaodong Liu, Wenyin Gong, Yuxin Li, Yanchi Li, Xiang Li","doi":"10.3390/app131810120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810120","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of deep learning, representational text-matching algorithms based on BERT and its variant models have become mainstream and are limited by the sentence vectors generated by the BERT model, and the SimCSE algorithm proposed in 2021 has improved the sentence vector quality to a certain extent. In this paper, to address the problem that the SimCSE algorithm has—that the greater the difference in sentence length, the smaller the probability that the sentence pairs are similar—an EdaCSE algorithm is proposed to perturb the sentence length using a simple data enhancement method without affecting the semantics of the sentences. The perturbation is applied to the sentence length by adding meaningless English punctuation marks to the original sentence so that the model no longer tends to recognise sentences of similar length as similar sentences. Based on the BERT series of models, experiments were conducted on five different datasets, and the experiments proved that the EdaCSE method improves an average of 1.67, 0.84, and 1.08 on the five datasets.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Optimization of Medical Waste Emergency Disposal Transportation Network for Public Health Emergencies in the Context of Intelligent Transportation","authors":"Fei Zhao, Xi Wang, Beibei Liu, Wenzhuo Sun, Zheng Liu","doi":"10.3390/app131810122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810122","url":null,"abstract":"In order to build a more comprehensive emergency disposal and transportation network system for medical waste, it is necessary to consider various uncertain factors and data characteristics. Therefore, in the context of intelligent transportation, this article considers the uncertainty of the quantity and regional population density of infectious medical waste generation as well as the emergency disposal of infectious medical waste under multi-cycle and multi-objective conditions, and it constructs a multi-cycle emergency disposal logistics network optimization model for infectious medical waste under uncertain conditions. Through deterministic transformation of the model and data mining of the medical waste disposal logistics network in Wuhan, China, the multi-objective model under uncertain conditions was also solved and sensitivity analyzed using the MOPSO-NSGA2 intelligent algorithm, verifying the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42892998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Filter Integrated with High Transmission and Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetic Shielding Function in the View of Surface Plasmon","authors":"Kui Wen, Xianjun Huang, Rici Tang, Yuanlong Liang, Peiguo Liu","doi":"10.3390/app131810124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810124","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of a strong electromagnetic weapon requires the electromagnetic protection performance of the photoelectric system, including the high shielding and ultra-wideband protection characteristics against strong electromagnetic attacks and superhigh infrared transmittance. This article aims to excite surface plasmons by etching a subwavelength circular structure array run through a metal film. At the same time, the local field enhancement effect based on surface plasmons is used to tune specific wavelengths of light, achieving the goal of enhancing the optical transmission effect. Ulteriorly, the amplitude and position of the infrared response peak are controlled by optimizing the structural geometric parameters to achieve filtering effects in different wavebands. Furthermore, through the inversion calculation of the transmission spectrum of the circle array structure in the visible light band, the different colors of its surface under different parameters can correspond one-to-one to its performance, so as to intuitively identify different filter types and their performance. Meanwhile, the remaining metal film after etching off the circle array structure region constitutes an ultra-wideband shielding layer as a continuous conductor, achieving a shielding efficiency of more than 45 dB in the radar band (1–18 GHz). It is worth noting that the cascaded theory combines ultra-thin metal films with thick substrates to solve the problem of software running for long periods of time and under high loads during the simulation of light propagation. This scheme greatly reduces the error between simulation and practical application.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46778027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic Evaluation of Effective Ecoproduce (EEP) as a Potential Root Canal Irrigant: A Preliminary In Vitro Study","authors":"Wong Kiong Hung, A. Mahyuddin, S. Sockalingam, Zaleha Shafiei, Mariati Abdul Rahman, Nurul Inaas Mahamad Apandi, Z. D. F. Abdul Ghani, Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria","doi":"10.3390/app131810125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810125","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns have been raised about the usage of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in endodontics following its toxic effects. Effective ecoproduce (EEP), an organic solution produced through the fermentation of fruit peels, exhibits antibacterial and antibiofilm action, suggesting its potential as an endodontic irrigant. However, studies on its cytotoxicity are limited. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of EEP at different concentrations and fermentation periods against the MC3T3-E1 cell. EEP derived from orange and pineapple peel waste and fermented for 3 and 6 months was prepared from 100% to 0.78% concentration. Briefly, 2.5% NaOCl was used as the comparison group. Cell viability was analysed using Alamar Blue and Live and Dead Cell assay. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes to the cells. Data analysis was performed using a two-way mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). EEP exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity regardless of the fermentation period (p > 0.05). A concentration below 6.25% was non-cytotoxic and comparable to the negative control (p > 0.05). Live and Dead Cell assay and TEM analysis complement the findings. The mean cell viability of EEP at all concentrations for both fermentation periods was significantly higher than that of 2.5% NaOCl (p < 0.05). Conclusively, 6.25% EEP fermented for 3 and 6 months are non-cytotoxic and can serve as an alternative endodontic irrigants.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45571159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Overlay Analysis of Geochemical Singularity Index α-Value of Porphyry Cu Deposit in Gangdese Metallogenic Belt, Tibet, Western China","authors":"Shunli Zheng, Xiaojia Jiang, Shunbao Gao","doi":"10.3390/app131810123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810123","url":null,"abstract":"The statistical modeling with ILR-RPCA-back CLR has two problems when dealing with the closure effect of geochemical data. Firstly, after performing isometric logratio (ilr) transformation, robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is employed for processing. The double-plot diagram illustrates that the element sequence transformation occurs in the first and second principal components, while the unique principal component remains unattainable. Secondly, by transforming both the score and load into the centered logratio (CLR) space using the U matrix, it is possible to obtain a score result that corresponds to the original order of elements according to the CLR = ILR·U formula. However, for obtaining a load result that corresponds to the original order of elements, an alternative formula “CLR = UT·ILR” must be used instead. In order to determine the optimal element assemblage for porphyry copper deposits, this study conducted statistical analysis on mineral assemblages from discovered deposits in the Gangdese metallogenic belt and identified Cu, Mo, Au, Ag, W, and Bi as key elements associated with porphyry copper deposits. Subsequently, by analyzing the singularities of the composite elements, the spatial overlay of the combined element is carried out, and concentration-area (C-A) fractal filtering is applied to identify the anomaly and background areas. To facilitate comparison, we conducted an analysis of various mineral and ore deposit types, revealing the following findings: (1) Combination elements exhibit superior recognition capability than single elements in porphyry copper deposits; (2) Skarn-type copper deposits unrelated to porphyry show a high degree of dissimilarity compared to those related to porphyry; (3) this method offers advantages over the single element method in evaluating porphyry gold deposits by reducing anomaly levels and initial investment during the evaluation stage for porphyry copper anomalies; (4) However, this method has limited ability in distinguishing between porphyry copper and molybdenum deposits.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42755648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Shear Resistance and Structural Performance of Corrugated Steel–Concrete Composite Deck","authors":"Shijie Guo, Xuan He, Hao He, Zhijie Li, Yong Zeng, H. Tan, Jianting Zhou","doi":"10.3390/app131810112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810112","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks into a new composite bridge deck structure that employs a corrugated steel plate as the base. The goal is to address the shortcomings of traditional deck-bearing capacity, stiffness, and stress performance. Specifically, this study investigates the shear performance and slip characteristics of this structure. To achieve this, the study analyzes the shear behavior and slip tendencies of the composite bridge deck. The study focuses on the role of shear studs and PBL (Perfobond Leiste) perforated steel plates as essential components for shear connections. The shear performance of the composite deck is analyzed based on the structure of shear connection keys such as shear studs and PBL perforated steel plates. The advantages of composite decks in terms of stiffness, self-weight, load-bearing capacity, shear resistance, slip resistance, etc., are discussed to provide a theoretical reference for practical engineering applications. The shear resistance of shear stud shear keys is investigated through shear push-out experiments, and the shear resistance of shear studs is investigated through finite element simulations based on the ABAQUS 2020 finite element software. The results showed that the shear load capacity of the shear studs increased with the increase in the height-to-diameter ratio for different diameters of the shear studs, and the range of increases was from 2% to 23%. However, when the diameter of the shear stud exceeded 22 mm, the ultimate shear capacity of the shear stud increased with the increase in the height-to-diameter ratio, and the magnitude of the increase slowed down. For the actual design of the composite deck, it is recommended to maintain a shear stud height-to-diameter ratio within the range of 9 to 12. When using a composite deck with a PBL open-hole steel plate, the maximum longitudinal slip at the plate end and within the span is only 0.28 mm and 0.0158 mm, respectively. These values are 31% and 36% lower than those of the composite deck with a peg shear key. Additionally, the vertical peeling within the span of the PBL open-hole steel plate is merely 0.46 mm, showing a 21% reduction compared to that of the shear studs. It can be seen that the PBL perforated steel plates are more effective than the shear studs in resisting slip and peel.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Reconfiguration Method of Space-Based Exploration Satellite Constellations for Moving Target Tracking at Sea","authors":"Yao Wang, Junren Luo, Xueqiang Gu, Wanpeng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/app131810103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810103","url":null,"abstract":"In addressing the challenge of tracking moving targets at sea, our focus has been directed towards the development of a reconstruction methodology founded upon satellite orbital manoeuvres. This endeavour has led us to devise a predictive model for manoeuvres within a geographic coordinate system, alongside the creation of a three-phase orbital manoeuvre model. A Non-dominant Sorting Adaptive Memetic (NSAM) algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is a two-layer multi-objective optimization algorithm that retains the advantages of evolutionary algorithms based on the population’s evolution and has an excellent local optimization ability of local search algorithms. The proposed algorithm can be used to solve multi-objective optimization problems. By comparing the target observation results before and after the satellite reconstruction simulation, it can be concluded that the orbital manoeuvring can effectively improve the observation probability and observation duration of the target at a certain speed. The orbital manoeuvre model created in this paper provides a certain methodical support for the tracking problem of moving targets at sea.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Specific Energy Requirement for a Power-Operated Vertical Axis Rotor Type Intra-Row Weeding Tool Using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"S. Kumar, V. K. Tewari, A. Chandel, C. Mehta, C. M. Pareek, C. Chethan, B. Nare","doi":"10.3390/app131810084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810084","url":null,"abstract":"Specific energy prediction is critically important to enhance field performance of agricultural implements. It enables optimal utilization of tractor power, reduced inefficiencies, and identification of comprehensive inputs for designing energy-efficient implements. In this study, A 3-5-1 artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to estimate specific energy requirement of a vertical axis rotor type intra-row weeding tool. The depth of operation in soil bed, soil cone index, and forward/implement speed ratio (u/v) were selected as the input variables. Soil bin investigations were conducted using the vertical axis rotor (RVA), interfaced with draft, torque, speed sensors, and data acquisition system to record dynamic forces employed during soil–tool interaction at ranges of different operating parameters. The depth of operation (DO) had the maximum influence on the specific energy requirement of the RVA, followed by the cone index (CI) and the u/v ratio. The developed ANN model was able to predict the specific energy requirements of RVA at high accuracies as indicated by high R2 (0.91), low RMSE (0.0197) and low MAE (0.0479). Findings highlight the potential of the ANN as an efficient technique for modeling soil–tool interactions under specific experimental conditions. Such estimations will eventually optimize and enhance the performance efficiency of agricultural implements in the field.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45236576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}