International Journal of Health Geographics最新文献

{"title":"Estimating the size of urban populations using Landsat images: a case study of Bo, Sierra Leone, West Africa.","authors":"Roger Hillson,&nbsp;Austin Coates,&nbsp;Joel D Alejandre,&nbsp;Kathryn H Jacobsen,&nbsp;Rashid Ansumana,&nbsp;Alfred S Bockarie,&nbsp;Umaru Bangura,&nbsp;Joseph M Lamin,&nbsp;David A Stenger","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0180-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-019-0180-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is the third paper in a 3-paper series evaluating alternative models for rapidly estimating neighborhood populations using limited survey data, augmented with aerial imagery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bayesian methods were used to sample the large solution space of candidate regression models for estimating population density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We accurately estimated the population densities and counts of 20 neighborhoods in the city of Bo, Sierra Leone, using statistical measures derived from Landsat multi-band satellite imagery. The best regression model proposed estimated the latter with an absolute median proportional error of 8.0%, while the total population of the 20 neighborhoods was estimated with an error of less than 1.0%. We also compare our results with those obtained using an empirical Bayes approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our approach provides a rapid and effective method for constructing predictive models for population densities and counts utilizing remote sensing imagery. Our results, including cross-validation analysis, suggest that masking non-urban areas in the Landsat section images prior to computing the candidate covariate regressors should further improve model generality.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12942-019-0180-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37414832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to and availability of exercise facilities in Madrid: an equity perspective.","authors":"Luis Cereijo, Pedro Gullón, Alba Cebrecos, Usama Bilal, Jose Antonio Santacruz, Hannah Badland, Manuel Franco","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0179-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12942-019-0179-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying socioeconomic determinants that are associated with access to and availability of exercise facilities is fundamental to supporting physical activity engagement in urban populations, which in turn, may reduce health inequities. This study analysed the relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and access to, and availability of, exercise facilities in Madrid, Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Area-level SES was measured using a composite index based on seven sociodemographic indicators. Exercise facilities were geocoded using Google Maps and classified into four types: public, private, low-cost and sessional. Accessibility was operationalized as the street network distance to the nearest exercise facility from each of the 125,427 residential building entrances (i.e. portals) in Madrid. Availability was defined as the count of exercise facilities in a 1000 m street network buffer around each portal. We used a multilevel linear regression and a zero inflated Poisson regression analyses to assess the association between area-level SES and exercise facility accessibility and availability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower SES areas had a lower average distance to the closest facility, especially for public and low-cost facilities. Higher SES areas had higher availability of exercise facilities, especially for private and seasonal facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public and low-cost exercise facilities were more proximate in low SES areas, but the overall number of facilities was lower in these areas compared with higher SES areas. Increasing the number of exercise facilities in lower SES areas may be an intervention to improve health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6604462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37112000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Urban Liveability Index: developing a policy-relevant urban liveability composite measure and evaluating associations with transport mode choice.","authors":"Carl Higgs, Hannah Badland, Koen Simons, Luke D Knibbs, Billie Giles-Corti","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0178-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12942-019-0178-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Designing healthy, liveable cities is a global priority. Current liveability indices are aggregated at the city-level, do not reflect spatial variation within cities, and are often not aligned to policy or health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To combine policy-relevant liveability indicators associated with health into a spatial Urban Liveability Index (ULI) and examine its association with adult travel behaviours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed methods to calculate spatial liveability indicators and the ULI for all residential addresses in Melbourne, Australia. Associations between the address-level ULI and adult travel behaviours from the 2012-2014 Victorian Integrated Survey of Travel and Activity (VISTA) (n = 12,323) were analysed using multilevel logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses to evaluate impact of methodological choices on distribution of liveability as assessed by the ULI and associations with travel mode choice were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Liveability estimates were calculated for 1,550,641 residential addresses. ULI scores were positively associated with active transport behaviour: for each unit increase in the ULI score the estimated adjusted odds ratio (OR) for: walking increased by 12% (95% Credible Interval: 9%, 15%); cycling increased by 10% (4%, 17%); public transport increased by 15% (11%, 19%); and private vehicle transport decreased by 12% (- 9%, - 15%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ULI provides an evidence-informed and policy-relevant measure of urban liveability, that is significantly and approximately linearly associated with adult travel behaviours in the Melbourne context. The ULI can be used to evaluate progress towards implementing policies designed to achieve more liveable cities, identify spatial inequities, and examine relationships with health and wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6558748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37323945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using data from online geocoding services for the assessment of environmental obesogenic factors: a feasibility study.","authors":"Maximilian Präger, Christoph Kurz, Julian Böhm, Michael Laxy, Werner Maier","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0177-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12942-019-0177-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health problem in many countries. Built environment factors are known to be associated with obesity, which is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Online geocoding services could be used to identify regions with a high concentration of obesogenic factors. The aim of our study was to examine the feasibility of integrating information from online geocoding services for the assessment of obesogenic environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified environmental factors associated with obesity from the literature and translated these factors into variables from the online geocoding services Google Maps and OpenStreetMap (OSM). We tested whether spatial data points can be downloaded from these services and processed and visualized on maps. True- and false-positive values, false-negative values, sensitivities and positive predictive values of the processed data were determined using search engines and in-field inspections within four pilot areas in Bavaria, Germany.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several environmental factors could be identified from the literature that were either positively or negatively correlated with weight outcomes in previous studies. The diversity of query variables was higher in OSM compared with Google Maps. In each pilot area, query results from Google showed a higher absolute number of true-positive hits and of false-positive hits, but a lower number of false-negative hits during the validation process. The positive predictive value of database hits was higher in OSM and ranged between 81 and 100% compared with a range of 63-89% for Google Maps. In contrast, sensitivities were higher in Google Maps (between 59 and 98%) than in OSM (between 20 and 64%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was possible to operationalize obesogenic factors identified from the literature with data and variables available from geocoding services. The validity of Google Maps and OSM was reasonable. The assessment of environmental obesogenic factors via geocoding services could potentially be applied in diabetes surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37314439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case-control study of childhood cancer.","authors":"Javier García-Pérez,&nbsp;Diana Gómez-Barroso,&nbsp;Ibon Tamayo-Uria,&nbsp;Rebeca Ramis","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0176-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-019-0176-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental exposures are related to the risk of some types of cancer, and children are the most vulnerable group of people. This study seeks to present the methodological approaches used in the papers of our group about risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of pollution sources (industrial and urban sites). A population-based case-control study of incident childhood cancers in Spain and their relationship with residential proximity to industrial and urban areas was designed. Two methodological approaches using mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were developed: (a) \"near vs. far\" analysis, where possible excess risks of cancers in children living near (\"near\") versus those living far (\"far\") from industrial and urban areas were assessed; and (b) \"risk gradient\" analysis, where the risk gradient in the vicinity of industries was assessed. For each one of the two approaches, three strategies of analysis were implemented: \"joint\", \"stratified\", and \"individualized\" analysis. Incident cases were obtained from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Cancer (between 1996 and 2011).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Applying this methodology, associations between proximity (≤ 2 km) to specific industrial and urban zones and risk (OR; 95% CI) of leukemias (1.31; 1.04-1.65 for industrial areas, and 1.28; 1.00-1.53 for urban areas), neuroblastoma (2.12; 1.18-3.83 for both industrial and urban areas), and renal (2.02; 1.16-3.52 for industrial areas) and bone (4.02; 1.73-9.34 for urban areas) tumors have been suggested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The two methodological approaches were used as a very useful and flexible tool to analyze the excess risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas, which can be extrapolated and generalized to other cancers and chronic diseases, and adapted to other types of pollution sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12942-019-0176-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37005954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding inhabited settlements and tracking vaccination progress: the application of satellite imagery analysis to guide the immunization response to confirmation of previously-undetected, ongoing endemic wild poliovirus transmission in Borno State, Nigeria.","authors":"Jeff Higgins,&nbsp;Usman Adamu,&nbsp;Kehinde Adewara,&nbsp;Adeshina Aladeshawe,&nbsp;Aron Aregay,&nbsp;Inuwa Barau,&nbsp;Andrew Berens,&nbsp;Omotayo Bolu,&nbsp;Nina Dutton,&nbsp;Nnaemeka Iduma,&nbsp;Bryant Jones,&nbsp;Brian Kaplan,&nbsp;Sule Meleh,&nbsp;Melton Musa,&nbsp;Gatei Wa Nganda,&nbsp;Vincent Seaman,&nbsp;Anupma Sud,&nbsp;Stephane Vouillamoz,&nbsp;Eric Wiesen","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0175-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-019-0175-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Four wild polio-virus cases were reported in Borno State, Nigeria 2016, 1 year after Nigeria had been removed from the list of polio endemic countries by the World Health Organization. Resulting from Nigeria's decade long conflict with Boko Haram, health officials had been unable to access as much as 60% of the settlements in Borno, hindering vaccination and surveillance efforts. This lack of accessibility made it difficult for the government to assess the current population distribution within Borno. This study aimed to use high resolution, visible band satellite imagery to assess the habitation of inaccessible villages in Borno State.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using high resolution (31-50 cm) imagery from DigitalGlobe, analysts evaluated the habitation status of settlements in Borno State identified by Nigeria's Vaccination Tracking System. The analysts looked at imagery of each settlement and, using vegetation (overgrowth vs. cleared) as a proxy for human habitation, classified settlements into three categories: inhabited, partially abandoned, and abandoned. Analysts also classified the intact percentage of each settlement starting at 0% (totally destroyed since last assessment) and increasing in 25% intervals through 100% (completely intact but not expanded) up to 200+% (more than doubled in size) by looking for destroyed buildings. These assessments were then used to adjust previously established population estimates for each settlement. These new population distributions were compared to vaccination efforts to determine the number of children under 5 unreached by vaccination teams.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 11,927 settlements assessed 3203 were assessed as abandoned (1892 of those completely destroyed), 662 as partially abandoned, and 8062 as fully inhabited as of December of 2017. Comparing the derived population estimates from the new assessments to previous assessment and the activities of vaccination teams shows that an estimated 180,155 of the 337,411 under five children who were unreached in 2016 were reached in 2017 (70.5% through vaccination efforts in previously inaccessible areas, 29.5% through displacement to accessible areas).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study's methodology provides important planning and situation awareness information to health workers in Borno, Nigeria, and may serve as a model for future data gathering efforts in inaccessible regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12942-019-0175-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37246940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hilly neighborhoods are associated with increased risk of weight gain among older adults in rural Japan: a 3-years follow-up study.","authors":"Kenta Okuyama,&nbsp;Takafumi Abe,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Hamano,&nbsp;Miwako Takeda,&nbsp;Kristina Sundquist,&nbsp;Jan Sundquist,&nbsp;Toru Nabika","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0174-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-019-0174-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neighborhood environments have been regularly associated with the weight status. Although the evidence is mostly limited to adults residing in western urban settings, the weight status of older adults living in rural areas is also assumed to be significantly affected by their neighborhood environments. This study aimed to identify environmental attributes specific to rural areas that could affect the risk of longitudinal weight gain among older adults (≥ 65 years) in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined five environmental attributes, i.e., land slope, public transportation accessibility, residential density, intersection density, and the availability of parks and recreational centers, measured by the geographic information system. Our analysis was based on 714 subjects participated in Shimane Community-based Healthcare Research and Education study in 2012 and 2015. Multinomial logistic regression model was conducted to examine the association between each neighborhood environmental attribute and weight change status (gain, loss and unchanged).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a significant increase in the risk of weight gain as the steepness of the neighborhood land slope increased. There was no significant association between other environmental attributes and risk of weight gain as well as weight loss among older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Living in hilly neighborhoods was associated with increased risk of weight gain among rural Japanese older adults. Future research should consider region-specific environmental attributes when investigating their effect on older adults' weight status.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12942-019-0174-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37230302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citizen science informs human-tick exposure in the Northeastern United States.","authors":"W Tanner Porter, Peter J Motyka, Julie Wachara, Zachary A Barrand, Zahraa Hmood, Marya McLaughlin, Kelsey Pemberton, Nathan C Nieto","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0173-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12942-019-0173-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tick-borne disease is the result of spillover of pathogens into the human population. Traditionally, literature has focused on characterization of tick-borne disease pathogens and ticks in their sylvatic cycles. A limited amount of research has focused on human-tick exposure in this system, especially in the Northeastern United States. Human-tick interactions are crucial to consider when assessing the risk of tick-borne disease since a tick bite is required for spillover to occur.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Citizen scientists collected ticks from the Northeastern US through a free nationwide program. Submitted ticks were identified to species, stage, and sex. Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and hard-tick relapsing fever Borrelia. Seasonality of exposure and the citizen science activity during tick exposure was recorded by the citizen scientist. A negative binomial model was fit to predict county level CDC Lyme disease cases in 2016 using citizen science Ixodes scapularis submissions, state, and county population as predictor variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3740 submissions, comprising 4261 ticks, were submitted from the Northeastern US and were reported to be parasitizing humans. Of the three species submitted, blacklegged ticks were the most prevalent followed by American dog ticks and lone star ticks. Submissions peaked in May with the majority of exposure occurring during every-day activities. The most common pathogen in blacklegged ticks was B. burgdorferi s.l. followed by hard-tick relapsing fever Borrelia. Negative binomial model performance was best in New England states followed by Middle Atlantic states.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Citizen science provides a low-cost and effective methodology for describing the seasonality and characteristics of human-tick exposure. In the Northeastern US, everyday activities were identified as a major mechanism for tick exposure, supporting the role of peri-domestic exposure in tick-borne disease. Citizen science provides a method for broad pathogen and tick surveillance, which is highly related to human disease, allowing for inferences to be made about the epidemiology of tick-borne disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6505254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37222292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban and rural differences in geographical accessibility to inpatient palliative and end-of-life (PEoLC) facilities and place of death: a national population-based study in England, UK.","authors":"Emeka Chukwusa, Julia Verne, Giovanna Polato, Ros Taylor, Irene J Higginson, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0172-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12942-019-0172-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the role of geographic access to inpatient palliative and end of life care (PEoLC) facilities in place of death and how geographic access varies by settlement (urban and rural). This study aims to fill this evidence gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual-level death data in 2014 (N = 430,467, aged 25 +) were extracted from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) death registry and linked to the ONS postcode directory file to derive settlement of the deceased. Drive times from patients' place of residence to nearest inpatient PEoLC facilities were used as a proxy estimate of geographic access. A modified Poisson regression was used to examine the association between geographic access to PEoLC facilities and place of death, adjusting for patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Two models were developed to evaluate the association between geographic access to inpatient PEoLC facilities and place of death. Model 1 compared access to hospice, for hospice deaths versus home deaths, and Model 2 compared access to hospitals, for hospital deaths versus home deaths. The magnitude of association was measured using adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found an inverse association between drive time to hospice and hospice deaths (Model 1), with a dose-response relationship. Patients who lived more than 10 min away from inpatient PEoLC facilities in rural areas (Model 1: APR range 0.49-0.80; Model 2: APR range 0.79-0.98) and urban areas (Model 1: APR range 0.50-0.83; Model 2: APR range 0.98-0.99) were less likely to die there, compared to those who lived closer (i.e. ≤ 10 min drive time). The effects were larger in rural areas compared to urban areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Geographic access to inpatient PEoLC facilities is associated with where people die, with a stronger association seen for patients who lived in rural areas. The findings highlight the need for the formulation of end of life care policies/strategies that consider differences in settlements types. Findings should feed into local end of life policies and strategies of both developed and developing countries to improve equity in health care delivery for those approaching the end of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6503436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37393139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of GeoAI applications in health and healthcare.","authors":"Maged N Kamel Boulos,&nbsp;Guochao Peng,&nbsp;Trang VoPham","doi":"10.1186/s12942-019-0171-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12942-019-0171-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The moulding together of artificial intelligence (AI) and the geographic/geographic information systems (GIS) dimension creates GeoAI. There is an emerging role for GeoAI in health and healthcare, as location is an integral part of both population and individual health. This article provides an overview of GeoAI technologies (methods, tools and software), and their current and potential applications in several disciplines within public health, precision medicine, and Internet of Things-powered smart healthy cities. The potential challenges currently facing GeoAI research and applications in health and healthcare are also briefly discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":48739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health Geographics","volume":"18 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s12942-019-0171-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37364721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}