Lancet Hiv最新文献

{"title":"Sex as a biological variable in HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection.","authors":"Jane K Maganga, Khanh Pham, John M Changalucha, Jennifer A Downs","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00234-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00234-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sex of people living with HIV-1 infection, schistosome infection, or both, is a fundamental determinant of their clinical outcomes and of how these two infections interact in the host. Data from longitudinal and cross-sectional human studies and animal models indicate that males with HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection excrete fewer schistosome eggs and might have higher HIV-1 RNA viral loads and greater liver damage. Females with schistosome infection appear to have higher risk of HIV-1 acquisition than females without, particularly in Schistosoma haematobium infection, and a greater risk of death in HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection. Greater transmission of HIV-1 to partners has been shown in both sexes in those with schistosome infection. Biological sex is a consequential factor affecting pathophysiological and clinical responses in HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection. Designing future analyses to incorporate sex is vital to optimise research and care for people living with HIV-1, schistosomes, and HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e60-e70"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of HIV/AIDS, 1990-2021, and forecasts to 2050, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00212-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00212-1","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;As set out in Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, the target date for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat is 2030. Therefore, there is a crucial need to evaluate current epidemiological trends and monitor global progress towards HIV incidence and mortality reduction goals. In this analysis, we assess the current burden of HIV in 204 countries and territories and forecast HIV incidence, prevalence, and mortality up to 2050 to allow countries to plan for a sustained response with an increasing number of people living with HIV globally.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 analytical framework to compute age-sex-specific HIV mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates for 204 countries and territories (1990-2021). We aimed to analyse all available data sources, including data on the provision of HIV programmes reported to UNAIDS, published literature on mortality among people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified by a systematic review, household surveys, sentinel surveillance antenatal care clinic data, vital registration data, and country-level case report data. We calibrated a mechanistic simulation of HIV infection and natural history to available data to estimate HIV burden from 1990 to 2021 and generated forecasts to 2050 through projection of all simulation inputs into the future. Historical outcomes (1990-2021) were simulated at the 1000-draw level to support propagation of uncertainty and reporting of uncertainty intervals (UIs). Our approach to forecasting utilised the transmission rate as the basis for projection, along with new rate-of-change projections of ART coverage. Additionally, we introduced two new metrics to our reporting: prevalence of unsuppressed viraemia (PUV), which represents the proportion of the population without a suppressed level of HIV (viral load &lt;1000 copies per mL), and period lifetime probability of HIV acquisition, which quantifies the hypothetical probability of acquiring HIV for a synthetic cohort, a simulated population that is aged from birth to death through the set of age-specific incidence rates of a given time period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;Global new HIV infections decreased by 21·9% (95% UI 13·1-28·8) between 2010 and 2021, from 2·11 million (2·02-2·25) in 2010 to 1·65 million (1·48-1·82) in 2021. HIV-related deaths decreased by 39·7% (33·7-44·5), from 1·19 million (1·07-1·37) in 2010 to 718 000 (669 000-785 000) in 2021. The largest declines in both HIV incidence and mortality were in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. However, super-regions including central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and north Africa and the Middle East experienced increasing HIV incidence and mortality rates. The number of people living with HIV reached 40·0 million (38·0-42·4) in 2021, an increase from 29·5 million (28·1-31·0) in 2010. The lifetime probability of HIV acquisition","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e807-e822"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing HIV prevention and the PrEP gap among migrants.","authors":"Christiana Nöstlinger","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00272-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00272-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e798-e800"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights of the 5th HIVR4P Conference.","authors":"Adrian Gonzalez-Lopez","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00307-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00307-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e806"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet HIV 2024; 11: e64-65.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00091-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00091-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e804"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretrovirals and obesity.","authors":"Nikos Pantazis, Kholoud Porter, Caroline A Sabin, Fiona Burns, Giota Touloumi","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00298-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00298-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e802-e803"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme weather events and disruptions to HIV services: a systematic review.","authors":"Collins C Iwuji, Celia McMichael, Euphemia Sibanda, Kingsley S Orievulu, Kelly Austin, Kristie L Ebi","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00186-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00186-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extreme weather events pose a risk to health and disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, such as people living with HIV. We aimed to investigate the effects of extreme weather events on HIV testing uptake, HIV treatment and care, and HIV transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between database inception and Aug 31, 2023. Eligible studies were English-language qualitative, quantitative observational (retrospective, prospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal, case-control, and cohort), and mixed-method studies, and randomised controlled trials related to HIV and extreme weather events. We excluded reviews, mathematical models, and case reports. After exporting the search results, two authors independently screened the titles and abstracts of identified articles, reviewing the full text of those that met the inclusion criteria. We used systems thinking to develop a framework linking extreme weather events and HIV and summarised the results using thematic narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of the 6126 studies identified by the search, 27 met the inclusion criteria and were eligible for analysis, of which 19 were quantitative, six were qualitative, and two were mixed-method studies. We identified five main themes linking extreme weather events to HIV: economic and livelihood conditions (12 studies), psychosocial factors (19 studies), infrastructure damage and operational challenges (17 studies), migration and displacement (ten studies), and associated medical conditions and health-care needs (12 studies). We showed how these themes interact in complex ways, resulting in a reduction in uptake of HIV testing, interruption of HIV care and subsequent disease progression, altered risk behaviours, and an increased prevalence of HIV.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Extreme weather events are associated with disruptions to HIV services. Owing to the design of the included studies, we could not establish a causal relationship between extreme weather events and HIV incidence, highlighting a research gap. Appropriate adaptations and mitigation policies that protect the health and wellbeing of people living with HIV during and after extreme weather events are warranted. Such actions will be crucial to achieving the UNAIDS goal of ending HIV as a public health threat by 2030.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p>","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e843-e860"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending barriers to HIV care for migrant populations.","authors":"The Lancet Hiv","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00316-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00316-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":"11 12","pages":"e791"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plans to end HIV should address substance use.","authors":"Sandra A Springer","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00297-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00297-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":"11 12","pages":"e792-e793"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions to ensure access to and continuity of HIV care for international migrants: an evidence synthesis.","authors":"Alena Kamenshchikova, Charlotte M M Peters, Christiana Nöstlinger, Brian Rice, Nathan Ford, Giovanni Ravasi, Fiona Burns, Milosz Parczewski, Christian J P A Hoebe, Nicole Dukers, Farah Seedat, Antons Mozalevskis, Linda-Gail Bekker, Jean Berchmans Tugirimana, Weiming Tang, Gifty Marley, Denis Onyango, Monica C Thormann Peynado, Teymur Noori, Sally Hargreaves","doi":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00175-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2352-3018(24)00175-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International migrants, especially those belonging to key populations, face a considerable HIV burden. However, continuity of HIV care for this group is often challenged along the migration route. We assess the available evidence on the existing interventions that aim to strengthen community and health systems to ensure the continuity of HIV care for international migrants. We did a systematic search of PubMed for publications from 1989 until 2023 focused on different stages of the HIV care continuum regardless of the geographical region. The literature was reviewed with a thematic approach. Globally, legal regulations can restrict access to HIV care and fuel fear of deportation among undocumented migrants. The intersection of HIV-related and migration-related stigma creates further challenges for uninterrupted access to HIV care along the migration route, with negative clinical and public health consequences. Different potential interventions were identified including: provision of HIV care regardless of migration status; utilisation of mobile health, mobile units, and community-led initiatives to bring HIV care to migrants; and utilisation of participatory and co-creation methods to develop tailored and sustainable HIV-related interventions with migrant communities. Improving access to the continuity of care for migrants requires a shift towards intersectional policies rooted in co-creation approaches to address the underlying multiple and mutually reinforcing inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":48725,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Hiv","volume":" ","pages":"e873-e884"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}