Mycosphere最新文献

{"title":"Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation","authors":"I. Senanayake, Mark S. Calabon","doi":"10.5943/MYCOSPHERE/11/1/20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/MYCOSPHERE/11/1/20","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, fungal taxonomy was based on observable phenotypic characters. Recent advances have driven taxonomic conclusions towards DNA-based approaches and these techniques have corresponding pros and cons. Species concepts must therefore rely on incorporated approaches of genotypic, phenotypic and physiological characters and chemotaxonomy. Examination and interpretation of morphological characters however vary from person to person. Standardized procedures are used in the taxonomic study of fungi and general practices of phenotypic approaches are herein outlined. It is not possible to detail all techniques for all fungi and thus, this paper emphasizes on microfungi. Specimen collection is the initial step in any Mycosphere 11(1): 2678–2754 (2020) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"11 1","pages":"2678-2754"},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71233288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae","authors":"S. Hongsanan, K. Hyde, R. Phookamsak, D. Wanasinghe, E. McKenzie, V. Sarma, S. Boonmee, R. Lücking, D. Bhat, N. Liu","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13","url":null,"abstract":"The class Dothideomycetes is the largest and most ecologically diverse class of fungi, comprising endophytes, epiphytes, saprobes, human and plant pathogens, lichens, and lichenicolous, nematode trapping and rock-inhabiting taxa. Members of this class are mainly characterized by bitunicate asci with fissitunicate dehiscence, and occur on broad range of hosts in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Since the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013, numerous novel species, genera, families and orders have been discovered. This has expanded information which has led to the modern classification in Dothideomycetes. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on families of Dothideomycetes with emphasis on Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. We accept three orders with 25 families and four orders with 94 families in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae, respectively. The new family Paralophiostomataceae is introduced in Pleosporales. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including figures to represent the morphology, list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide an overall phylogenetic tree of families in Dothideomycetes based on combined analysis of LSU, SSU, rpb-2 and tef1 sequence data, and phylogenetic trees for each order in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Familylevel trees are provided for the families which include several genera such as Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae. Two new genera (Ligninsphaeriopsis and Paralophiostoma) are introduced. Five new species (Biatrisopora borsei, Comoclathris galatellae, Ligninsphaeriopsis thailandica, Paralophiostoma hysterioides and Torula thailandica) are introduced based on morphology and phylogeny, together with nine new reports and seven new collections from","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"11 1","pages":"1553-2107"},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of Phanerochaete sensu stricto (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) with emphasis on Chinese collections and descriptions of nine new species","authors":"Yl Xu","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-molecular characterization of microfungi associated with marine based habitats","authors":"M. Dayarathne","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/1","url":null,"abstract":"Our investigation of saprobic marine fungi in India, Thailand, Sweden and the UK yielded 57 species accommodated in 26 families. In the present study, we describe two new genera, 37 new species and 15 new host records. Novel genera, Halocryptosphaeria and Halotestudina are introduced within Diatrypaceae (Xylariales) and Testudinaceae (Pleosporales), respectively. The new species, Amarenographium ammophilicola, Asterodiscus mangrovei, Boeremia maritima, Chaetopsina aurantisalinicola, Chloridium salinicola, Coniochaeta arenariae, C. krabiensis, Diaporthe krabiensis, D. marina, D. salinicola, Dictyosporium marinum, Dyfrolomyces neothailandicus, Fusicolla gigantispora, Halorosellinia krabiensis, H. xylocarpi, Halotestudina muriformis, Hypoxylon aurantium, H. mangrovei, Lasiodiplodia krabiensis, Nectria marina, Nemania phetchaburiensis, N. viridis, Neocamarosporium artemisiae, N. maritimae, Neocosmospora rhizophorae, Nigrograna samueliana, N. rhizophorae, Patellaria apiculatae, Periconia salina, Peroneutypa indica, P. polysporae, Phaeoseptum carolshearerianum, P. manglicola, Rhytidhysteron bruguierae, Rimaconus multiguttulatus, Salsuginea rhizophorae and Xenoacremonium brunneosporum are introduced based on multigene analyses and morphological studies. This study also provides insights into the diversity of fungi from marine based habitats and confirm that they occupy diverse marine niches. We also demonstrate how marine based substrates, including sand dunes, are fascinating substrates for discovering novel taxa. All taxa described herein are based on morphological examination of fresh specimens supported by multigene phylogenies to better integrate taxa into higher taxonomic framework and infer their phylogenetic relationships as well as establish new species.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-188"},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined families of Sordariomycetes","authors":"K. Hyde","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/7","url":null,"abstract":"This is a continuation of the papers “Towards a classification of Sordariomycetes” (2015) and “Families of Sordariomycetes” (2016) in which we compile a treatment of the class Sordariomycetes. The present treatment is needed as our knowledge has rapidly increased, from 32 orders, 105 families and 1331 genera in 2016, to 45 orders, 167 families and 1499 genera (with 308 genera incertae sedis) at the time of publication. In this treatment we provide notes on each order, families and short notes on each genus. We provide up-to-date DNA based phylogenies for 45 orders and 163 families. Three new genera and 16 new species are introduced with illustrations and descriptions, while 23 new records and three new species combinations are provided. We also list 308 taxa in Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis. For each family we provide general descriptions and illustrate the type genus or another genus, the latter where the placement has generally been confirmed with molecular data. Both the sexual and asexual morphs representative of a family are illustrated where available. Notes on ecological and economic considerations are also given.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"11 1","pages":"305-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71233032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The family Pyrenidiaceae resurrected","authors":"N. Huanraluek","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/13","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrenidium is a lichenicolous genus which was included in the family Dacampiaceae (Pleosporales) based on morphological characters. The classification of this genus within Dacampiaceae has been controversial due to the lack of sequence data. In this study, the genus Pyrenidium is sequenced for the first time using five freshly collected specimens belonging to the generic type and two other species. Although the morphology of Pyrenidium is quite similar to other genera of Dacampiaceae, phylogenetic analyses from nuLSU and nuSSU sequence data demonstrate that Pyrenidium is distantly related to Dacampiaceae and it forms a distinct lineage within the Dothideomycetes. Therefore, we resurrect the family Pyrenidiaceae to accommodate Pyrenidium. Morphological descriptions of the sequenced specimens of Pyrenidium are provided and include the description of a new species, P. borbonicum.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reptilian Mycophagy: A global review of mutually beneficial associations between reptiles and macrofungi","authors":"T. F. Elliott","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/18","url":null,"abstract":"Macrofungi are an important food source for many mammals, birds and arthropods; in return, these animals disperse numerous species of fungi through their scats. Many of the fungi that are important as food also perform key functions in the ecosystem through nutrient cycling. Research on associations between reptiles and fungi has primarily focused on pathology and has mostly overlooked mutually beneficial relationships between these two groups of organisms and the positive impacts of their associations on overall ecosystem health. There is a substantial body of disparate research showing the importance of turtles as seed dispersers, but we provide the first study evaluating the ecological implications of turtles and other reptiles as macrofungi spore dispersers. These associations have been less thoroughly studied than those between mammals and fungi, yet we show that they have similar ecological importance. In this review, we present the most comprehensive summary to date of reptile species reported to eat fungi (42 reptile species in 7 families) and outline the potential importance of reptiles as spore dispersers for fungi that play a positive role in ecosystem dynamics. We also show that oversights in the methodology of past dietary studies may have led to false representation of the role of fungi in reptile diets, and we make recommendations for future dietary studies involving reptiles.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaline-spored chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes from Thailand and China, with a review of the family Chaetosphaeriaceae","authors":"Cg Lin","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes","authors":"A. Ekanayaka","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7","url":null,"abstract":"Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. Leotiomycetes include 53 families (Ascodichaenaceae, Amicodiscaceae fam. nov., Amorphothecaceae, Arachnopezizaceae, Ascocorticiaceae, Calloriaceae, Cenangiaceae, Chaetomellaceae, Chlorociboriaceae, Chlorospleniaceae fam. nov., Bryoglossaceae fam. nov., Cochlearomycetaceae, Cordieritidaceae, Cyttariaceae, Deltopyxidaceae fam. nov., Dermateaceae, Discinellaceae fam. nov., Drepanopezizaceae, Erysiphaceae, Gelatinodiscaceae, Godroniaceae, Hamatocanthoscyphaceae fam. nov., Helicogoniaceae, Helotiaceae, Hemiphacidiaceae, Heterosphaeriaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae, Hydrocinaceae fam. nov., Hyphodiscaceae fam. nov., Lachnaceae, Lahmiaceae, Lauriomycetaceae, Leotiaceae, Leptodontidiaceae, Lichinodiaceae, Loramycetaceae, Marthamycetaceae, Medeolariaceae, Mitrulaceae, Mollisiaceae, Neocrinulaceae, Neolauriomycetaceae, Pezizellaceae, Phacidiaceae, Ploettnerulaceae, Rhytismataceae, Rutstroemiaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Solenopeziaceae fam. nov., Thelebolaceae, Triblidiaceae, Tympanidaceae and Vibrisseaceae) and 14 family-level clades (Alatospora-Miniancora clade, Aquapoterium-Unguicularia clade, Bulgariella clade, ColeophomaParafabraea clade, Colipila clade, Corticifraga-Calloriopsis clade, Epicladonia-Epithamnolia clade, Flagellospora clade, Gelatinomyces clade, Micraspis clade, Patellariopsis clade, Phialocephala urceolata clade, Peltigeromyces clade and Trizodia clade). We briefly discuss the phylogenetic placements of these families and family-level clades. We provide an outline of the genera and the families of Leotiomycetes and a table summarising sexual morph characters of all Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71232401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a natural classification of Dothidotthia and Thyrostroma in Dothidotthiaceae (Pleosporineae, Pleosporales)","authors":"K. Hyde, Camarosporiaceae Wanas, Coniothyriaceae W. B. Cooke, Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter, Dothidotthiaceae, Crous, A. J. L. Phillips, Halojulellaceae Suetrong, E. G. Jones, Libertasomycetaceae Crous, Neophaeosphaeriaceae Ariyaw","doi":"10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/15","url":null,"abstract":"Dothidotthia and Thyrostroma (Dothidotthiaceae, Pleosporineae, Pleosporales) species are plant pathogens causing canker, dieback and leaf spots on a wide range of hosts. However, the naming species is difficult, due to insufficient protologues, poor phylogenetic understanding due to the lack of sequence data from type species and low-quality illustrations. Moreover, the connections between asexual and sexual morphs of these genera are unclear. In this study, fresh samples of Dothidotthia and Thyrostroma were collected from symptomatic twigs and branches in southern European Russia. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on a concatenated LSU, SSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence dataset were used to investigate the phylogenetic position and confirm relationships of the asexual and sexual morphs in these genera of Dothidotthiaceae. In this study, Dothidotthia can easily be distinguished from Thyrostroma based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological characters. The new species, Dothidotthia robiniae, Thyrostroma celtidis, T. lycii, T. moricola, T. robiniae, T. styphnolobii, T. tiliae, T. ulmicola and T. ulmigenum are introduced. In addition, Neodothidotthia negundinicola clusters with species of Dothidotthia and hence Neodothidotthia is synonymized under Dothidotthia. Two new combinations, D. negundinicola and D. negundinis, are introduced.","PeriodicalId":48718,"journal":{"name":"Mycosphere","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71231905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}