{"title":"Guest Editorial to the Special Issue Planetary Rock and Soil Mechanics","authors":"Xuhai Tang , Adriana Paluszny Rodriguez , Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1197-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujie Feng , Peng-Zhi Pan , Xuhai Tang , Zhaofeng Wang , Yuxin Li , Altaf Hussain
{"title":"A comprehensive review of lunar lava tube base construction and field research on a potential Earth test site","authors":"Yujie Feng , Peng-Zhi Pan , Xuhai Tang , Zhaofeng Wang , Yuxin Li , Altaf Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Moon, as the closest celestial body to the Earth, plays a pivotal role in the progression of deep space exploration, and the establishment of research outposts on its surface represents a crucial step in this mission. Lunar lava tubes are special underground caves formed by volcanic eruptions and are considered as ideal natural shelters and scientific laboratories for lunar base construction. This paper begins with an in-depth overview of the geological origins, exploration history, and distribution locations of lunar lava tubes. Subsequently, it delves into the presentation of four distinctive advantages and typical concepts for constructing bases within lava tubes, summarizing the ground-based attempts made thus far in lunar lava tube base construction. Field studies conducted on a lava tube in Hainan revealed rock compositions similar to those found during the Apollo missions and clear lava tube structures, making it a promising analog site. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities encountered in the field of geotechnical engineering regarding the establishment of lunar lava tube bases are discussed, encompassing cave exploration technologies, in-situ testing methods, geomechanical properties under lunar extreme environments, base design and structural stability assessment, excavation and reinforcement techniques, and simulated Earth-based lava tube base.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1201-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenbin Han , Yan Zhou , Lixiong Cai , Cheng Zhou , Lieyun Ding
{"title":"Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of vacuum sintered HUST-1 lunar regolith simulant","authors":"Wenbin Han , Yan Zhou , Lixiong Cai , Cheng Zhou , Lieyun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Establishing a base on the Moon is one of the new goals of human lunar exploration in recent years. Sintered lunar regolith is one of the most potential building materials for lunar bases. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of sintered lunar regolith are vital performance indices for the structural design of a lunar base and analysis of many critical mechanical and thermal issues. In this study, the HUST-1 lunar regolith simulant (HLRS) was sintered at 1030, 1040, 1050, 1060, 1070, and 1080 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on the compressive strength was investigated, and the exact value of the optimum vacuum sintering temperature was determined between 1040 and 1060 °C. Then, the microstructure and material composition of vacuum sintered HLRS at different temperatures were characterized. It was found that the sintering temperature has no significant effect on the mineral composition in the temperature range of 1030–1080 °C. Besides, the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of vacuum sintered HLRS at different temperatures were investigated. Specific heat capacity of sintered samples increases with the increase of test temperature within the temperature range from −75 to 145 °C. Besides, the thermal conductivity of the sintered sample is proportional to density. Finally, the two temperatures of 1040 and 1050 °C were selected for a more detailed study of mechanical properties. The results showed that compressive strength of sintered sample is much higher than tensile strength. This study reveals the effects of sintering temperature on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of vacuum sintered HLRS, and these material parameters will provide support for the construction of future lunar bases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1243-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Peng , Prabu Thannasi , Waleed El-Sekelly , Tarek Abdoun , Kemal Celik
{"title":"Development and characterization of a regional lunar soil simulant for emirates lunar missions","authors":"Bo Peng , Prabu Thannasi , Waleed El-Sekelly , Tarek Abdoun , Kemal Celik","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lunar soil simulants (LSS) have been pivotal in the success of past and current lunar missions. They have enhanced the design of lander and rover wheels through interaction studies on the lunar testbed under simulated environmental conditions. They have also been used to evaluate the geotechnical, geomechanical, and dynamic characteristics of the lunar soil (LS), which is vital for future lunar outposts. While most simulants have focused on either the chemical and mineralogical or geotechnical properties, developing a comprehensive LSS that mimics the lunar soil is of paramount importance for lander and rover soft-landing and future lunar habitation. This article presents the significant development and characterization of the new LSS NYUAD-1, the first regional soil simulant tailored for the planned Emirates lunar missions. The material and geotechnical properties of NYUAD-1, including chemical composition, mineralogy, particle size, morphology, specific gravity, density, shear strength, and compressibility behaviors, were assessed through laboratory tests conducted per ASTM standards. Comparative analysis with authentic lunar regolith and various regolith simulants confirms the significance and applicability of NYUAD-1 for lunar-based research, offering a promising step toward future lunar habitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1305-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan Zou , Huanyu Wu , Shupeng Chai , Wei Yang , Renhao Ruan , Qi Zhao
{"title":"Development and characterization of the PolyU-1 lunar regolith simulant based on Chang’e-5 returned samples","authors":"Yuan Zou , Huanyu Wu , Shupeng Chai , Wei Yang , Renhao Ruan , Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leading national space exploration agencies and private enterprises are actively engaged in lunar exploration initiatives to accomplish manned lunar landings and establish permanent lunar bases in the forthcoming years. With limited access to lunar surface materials on Earth, lunar regolith simulants are crucial for lunar exploration research. The Chang’e-5 (CE-5) samples have been characterized by state-of-the-art laboratory equipment, providing a unique opportunity to develop a high-quality lunar regolith simulant. We have prepared a high-fidelity PolyU-1 simulant by pulverizing, desiccating, sieving, and blending natural mineral materials on Earth based on key physical, mineral, and chemical characteristics of CE-5 samples. The results showed that the simulant has a high degree of consistency with the CE-5 samples in terms of the particle morphology, mineral and chemical composition. Direct shear tests were conducted on the simulant, and the measured internal friction angle and cohesion values can serve as references for determining the mechanical properties of CE-5 lunar regolith. The PolyU-1 simulant can contribute to experimental studies involving lunar regolith, including the assessment of interaction between rovers and lunar regolith, as well as the development of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1317-1326"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinshuo Chen , Zhaobin Zhang , Juan Li , Shouding Li , Tao Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiukuo Sun , Yanfang Wu , Yiming Diao , Xiao Li
{"title":"Formation of Tianwen-1 landing crater and mechanical properties of Martian soil near the landing site","authors":"Xinshuo Chen , Zhaobin Zhang , Juan Li , Shouding Li , Tao Xu , Bo Zheng , Xiukuo Sun , Yanfang Wu , Yiming Diao , Xiao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After landing in the Utopia Planitia, Tianwen-1 formed the deepest landing crater on Mars, approximately 40 cm deep, exposing precious information about the mechanical properties of Martian soil. We established numerical models for the plume-surface interaction (PSI) and the crater formation based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and the erosion model modified from Roberts’ Theory. Comparative studies of cases were conducted with different nozzle heights and soil mechanical properties. The increase in cohesion and internal friction angle leads to a decrease in erosion rate and maximum crater depth, with the cohesion having a greater impact. The influence of the nozzle height is not clear, as it interacts with the position of the Shock Diamond to jointly control the erosion process. Furthermore, we categorized the evolution of landing craters into the dispersive and the concentrated erosion modes based on the morphological characteristics. Finally, we estimated the upper limits of the Martian soil’s mechanical properties near Tianwen-1 landing site, with the cohesion ranging from 2612 to 2042 Pa and internal friction angle from 25° to 41°.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1293-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eloy Peña-Asensio , Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez , Jordi Sort , Jordi Ibáñez-Insa , Albert Rimola
{"title":"Machine learning applications on lunar meteorite minerals: From classification to mechanical properties prediction","authors":"Eloy Peña-Asensio , Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez , Jordi Sort , Jordi Ibáñez-Insa , Albert Rimola","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid the scarcity of lunar meteorites and the imperative to preserve their scientific value, non-destructive testing methods are essential. This translates into the application of microscale rock mechanics experiments and scanning electron microscopy for surface composition analysis. This study explores the application of Machine Learning algorithms in predicting the mineralogical and mechanical properties of DHOFAR 1084, JAH 838, and NWA 11444 lunar meteorites based solely on their atomic percentage compositions. Leveraging a prior-data fitted network model, we achieved near-perfect classification scores for meteorites, mineral groups, and individual minerals. The regressor models, notably the <em>K</em>-Neighbor model, provided an outstanding estimate of the mechanical properties—previously measured by nanoindentation tests—such as hardness, reduced Young’s modulus, and elastic recovery. Further considerations on the nature and physical properties of the minerals forming these meteorites, including porosity, crystal orientation, or shock degree, are essential for refining predictions. Our findings underscore the potential of Machine Learning in enhancing mineral identification and mechanical property estimation in lunar exploration, which pave the way for new advancements and quick assessments in extraterrestrial mineral mining, processing, and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1283-1292"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predicting the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property based on microscale rock mechanical experiments and accurate grain-based modeling","authors":"Shuohui Yin , Yingjie Wang , Jingang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exploration of Mars would heavily rely on Martian rocks mechanics and engineering technology. As the mechanical property of Martian rocks is uncertain, it is of utmost importance to predict the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property for the success of Mars exploration. In this paper, a fast and accurate probability distribution method for predicting the macroscale elastic modulus of Martian rocks was proposed by integrating the microscale rock mechanical experiments (micro-RME), accurate grain-based modeling (AGBM) and upscaling methods based on reliability principles. Firstly, the microstructure of NWA12564 Martian sample and elastic modulus of each mineral were obtained by micro-RME with TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer (TIMA) and nanoindentation. The best probability distribution function of the minerals was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Secondly, based on best distribution function of each mineral, the Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) and upscaling methods were implemented to obtain the probability distribution of upscaled elastic modulus. Thirdly, the correlation between the upscaled elastic modulus and macroscale elastic modulus obtained by AGBM was established. The accurate probability distribution of the macroscale elastic modulus was obtained by this correlation relationship. The proposed method can predict the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property with any size and shape samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1327-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shutian Cao , Fengshou Zhang , Mengke An , Derek Elsworth , Manchao He , Hai Liu , Luanxiao Zhao
{"title":"Gouge stability controlled by temperature elevation and obsidian addition in basaltic faults and implications for moonquakes","authors":"Shutian Cao , Fengshou Zhang , Mengke An , Derek Elsworth , Manchao He , Hai Liu , Luanxiao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmst.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basalt is a major component of the earth and moon crust. Mineral composition and temperature influence frictional instability and thus the potential for seismicity on basaltic faults. We performed velocity-stepping shear experiments on basalt gouges at a confining pressure of 100 MPa, temperatures in the range of 100–400 °C and with varied obsidian mass fractions of 0–100% under wet/dry conditions to investigate the frictional strength and stability of basaltic faults. We observe a transition from velocity-neutral to velocity-weakening behaviors with increasing obsidian content. The frictional stability response of the mixed obsidian/basalt gouges is characterized by a transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening at 200 °C and another transition to velocity-strengthening at temperatures >300 °C. Conversely, frictional strengths of the obsidian-bearing gouges are insensitive to temperature and wet/dry conditions. These results suggest that obsidian content dominates the potential seismic response of basaltic faults with the effect of temperature controlling the range of seismogenic depths. Thus, shallow moonquakes tend to occur in the lower lunar crust due to the corresponding anticipated higher glass content and a projected temperature range conducive to velocity-weakening behavior. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the nucleation mechanism of shallow seismicity in basaltic faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48625,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology","volume":"34 9","pages":"Pages 1273-1282"},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}