Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim最新文献

{"title":"Technical heterogeneity in electroacupuncture protocols: A critical consideration for pooled predictive modelling.","authors":"Dong-E Huang, Jun-Qing Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149301347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and verification of an immune signature model for chronic fatigue syndrome: Leveraging TCM syndromes and elements for enhanced assessment.","authors":"Le-le Qin, Zhen-Xian Zhang, Jing-Han Wang, Jia-Ning Shi, Xiao Shao, Fan Yang, Min Chen, Tian-Jun Jiang, Wen-Jin Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to establish an immune function assessment model that considers clinical symptoms and laboratory tests by combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and syndrome elements with lymphocyte cell counts for evaluating immune function in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was conducted involving 473 CFS patients who were categorized based on immune function and divided into training and validation sets at a 7:3 ratio. Logistic analyses were performed on clinical data, leading to a nomogram model whose discrimination and sensitivity were assessed, along with clinical applicability via decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 473 CFS patients, 225 (47.6%) had weakened immune function. Multivariate logistic regression identified CD4⁺ T cells, CD4⁺/CD8⁺, natural killer cells, age, body mass index, Fatigue Assessment Instrument, insomnia, TCM syndrome type, and kidney, lung and qi deficiency as factors associated with low immune function. These eleven factors were used to create a nomogram model, achieving a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.849 for the training set and 0.792 for the validation set, indicating good prediction accuracy. Decision curve analysis showed that the model provides clinical benefits for CFS patients at risk of low immune function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our CFS immune function evaluation model combines TCM syndromes and elements and shows predictive value and clinical applicability. Please cite this article as: Qin LL, Zhang ZX, Wang JH, Shi JN, Shao X, Yang F, Chen M, Jiang TJ, Ge WJ. Construction and verification of an immune signature model for chronic fatigue syndrome: Leveraging TCM syndromes and elements for enhanced assessment. J Integr Med. 2026; Epub ahead of print.</p>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture improves ovarian metabolic disorders and promotes follicle development in mice with premature ovarian failure.","authors":"Qi-da He, Wei-Hong Yan, Yu-Bin Li, Wen-Bin Hong, Xin-Rong He, Yu-Xuan Huang, Fang-Ping Zheng, Zong-Bao Yang, Xue-Qin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study employed to identify ovarian metabolic alterations in premature ovarian failure (POF) mice and their correlations with serum sex hormones, aiming to reveal the holistic regulatory mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on ovarian function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cisplatin was administered via intraperitoneal injection to induce POF in mice. Subsequently, the mice were treated with EA for 3 weeks. The vaginal exfoliated cells, ovarian pathomorphology and serum sex hormone levels were used to assess the efficacy of electroacupuncture. ¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify the ovarian metabolites. Associations among characteristic metabolites and serum sex hormones were examined using Pearson correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EA improved ovarian pathological morphology and promoted dominant folliculogenesis in POF mice. Further, EA treatment led to improvements in the estrous cycle and sex hormones of POF mice, while also reversing ovarian metabolic disorders in POF mice. Thirteen characteristic metabolites in the ovaries of POF mice were regulated by EA, and ovarian characteristic metabolites were closely related to the levels of serum sex hormones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EA was able to improve ovarian function and modulate ovarian metabolites. EA therapy may improve mitochondrial and neural function and exert anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-fibrosis and immunomodulatory effects, thereby promoting follicle development. This research offered a scientific foundation for identifying comprehensive intervention targets of EA therapy for POF. Please cite this article as: He QD, Yan WH, Li YB, Hong WB, He XR, Huang YX, Zheng FP, Yang ZB, Chen XQ. Electroacupuncture improves ovarian metabolic disorders and promotes follicle development in mice with premature ovarian failure. J Integr Med. 2026; Epub ahead of print.</p>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) against SARS-CoV-2: Antiviral activity, mechanisms, metabolism and safety.","authors":"Yu-Heng Song, Ru-Yu Wang, Yu-Sen Xiang, Dan-Mei Yu, Hong-Tao Li, Jia-Ni Lu, Peng-Cheng Qin, Ye-Xi Li, Cong-Cong Zhang, Li-Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has declined, continued circulation and viral evolution highlight the sustained need for effective therapeutic strategies. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continuously evolves through genetic mutations to enhance its adaptability to hosts, thereby posing significant challenges to global public health. Consequently, the discovery of novel antiviral agents remains imperative. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen), a widely utilized traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has demonstrated preclinical antiviral activity in silico, in vitro and in animal models. However, existing evidence on Danshen's bioactive constituents against SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly preclinical. Further clinical investigations are required to validate the antiviral efficacy of isolated monomers. Consequently, a systematic understanding of these aspects remains incomplete. This review summarizes the preclinical antiviral activity and underlying mechanisms of bioactive constituents derived from Danshen against SARS-CoV-2, together with their metabolism and safety profiles. By synthesizing these findings, we aim to provide insights into the potential of these constituents for further development, thereby guiding the discovery of natural antiviral lead compounds against SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging viral infections. Please cite this article as: Song YH, Wang RY, Xiang YS, Yu DM, Li HT, Lu JN, Qin PC, Li YX, Zhang CC, Chen LL. Bioactive constituents in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) against SARS-CoV-2: Antiviral activity, mechanisms, metabolism and safety. J Integr Med. 2026; Epub ahead of print.</p>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149275830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Commonality and specificity of acupuncture tonifying-reducing manipulations based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy\" [J. Integr. Med. 24(4) (2026) 556-565].","authors":"Yu-Zhu Qu, Jing-Ya Cao, Li Chen, Zi-Lei Tian, Jing Guo, Yu-Lai Gong, Zhen-Fang Lin, Ben-Xiang He, Tao Yin, Fang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149170276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture pretreatment ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced cardiac dysfunction via the regulation of GABAergic neuron activity in the cerebellar fastigial nucleus.","authors":"Wen-Jing Shao, Wei Liu, Fan Zhang, Yan Wu, Zhi-Hao Xu, Zheng-Jie Luo, Qiu-Mei Peng, Nai-Xuan Wei, Neng-Gui Xu, Qing Yu, Rong-Lin Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sleep deprivation (SD) is increasingly prevalent and associated with impaired cardiac function. Diminished γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neuronal activity in the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) constitutes a key mechanism driving this disorder. Although electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning has shown potential for mitigating SD-induced cardiac impairment, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Additionally, while it is known that FN^GABA neurons contribute to the structural and functional integrity of cardiac autonomic regulation, the effects of EA on these neurons, specifically on their activity, have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether EA promotes cardiac function recovery by modulating FN^GABA neuronal activity and to elucidate the neural-level mechanisms involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To evaluate the effects of EA on SD, a mouse model of this condition was established. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, SD, sham EA + SD, and EA + SD. The outcomes were assessed based on cardiac function as well as the firing frequency and calcium activity of the FN^GABA neurons. Finally, chemogenetic inhibition of FN^GABA neurons was performed to verify their key role in the cardioprotective effects of EA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SD significantly suppressed FN^GABA neuronal activity, as indicated by reduced firing frequency and decreased calcium activity. Furthermore, SD induced cardiac dysfunction and sympathetic overactivation, impairing cardiac autonomic regulation. Notably, EA reversed the SD-induced inhibition of FN^GABA neurons, significantly restoring neuronal firing rates and calcium signals. Conversely, chemogenetic inhibition of FN^GABA neurons abolished the cardioprotective effects of EA. Mechanistically, the preventive effects of EA against SD-induced cardiac injury were mediated via the modulation of FN^GABA neuronal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EA alleviates SD-induced cardiac dysfunction by restoring FN^GABA neuronal activity. These findings indicate that EA protects against SD-related cardiac injury by modulating the activity of FN^GABA neurons. Please cite this article as: Shao WJ, Liu W, Zhang F, Wu Y, Xu ZH, Luo ZJ, Peng QM, Wei NX, Xu NG, Yu Q, Cai RL. Electroacupuncture pretreatment ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced cardiac dysfunction via the regulation of GABAergic neuron activity in the cerebellar fastigial nucleus. J Integr Med. 2026; Epub ahead of print.</p>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-target shield: Protective roles of Scutellaria baicalensis flavonoids in heavy metal-induced organ damage.","authors":"Yu-Fei Li, Yu-Feng Liang, Juan Liu, Han Wang, Ye-Ling Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2026.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, including cadmium, lead and mercury, represents a significant global health concern, contributing to the pathogenesis of multi-organ dysfunction through interconnected mechanisms of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and apoptotic cell death. While chelation therapy remains a conventional mainstay, its limitations underscore the need for complementary strategies that mitigate secondary cellular damage. This review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang Qin) and its principal flavonoids, including baicalein, baicalin and wogonin, function as multi-target cytoprotective agents against heavy metal toxicity. Their mechanisms, which include the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1/antioxidant response element antioxidant pathway, suppression of the nuclear factor-κB and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome-driven inflammatory cascades, and inhibition of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis, were systematically delineated. In addition, their roles in attenuating fibrotic signaling, protecting tissue barrier integrity and regulating gut microbiota were explored. The evidence, compiled from in vitro and in vivo studies, reveals consistent efficacy in protecting the hepatic, nervous, cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, endocrine and musculoskeletal systems. By integrating this mechanistic framework with the documented clinical applications of S. baicalensis flavonoids in related inflammatory pathologies, this review highlights their significant potential as therapeutic and preventive agents for heavy metal-related health disorders and advocates for their translation into targeted clinical strategies. Please cite this article as: Li YF, Liang YF, Liu J, Wang H, Ma YL. A multi-target shield: Protective roles of Scutellaria baicalensis flavonoids in heavy metal-induced organ damage. J Integr Med. 2026; Epub ahead of print.</p>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chikungunya fever—What we know and have done in the face of a new global public health threat","authors":"Xiao-lu Yu,&nbsp;Rong-yi Zhou,&nbsp;Xin-yue Xie,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Jia Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an emerging global health threat caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), whose main symptoms include fever, rash and severe joint pain. The disease is characterized by acute febrile illness and chronic arthralgia, resulting in significant morbidity and economic burden, and posing a significant and growing global public health challenge. CHIKV has spread to over 119 countries, with recent outbreaks in the Americas and Asia. Two vaccines, VLA1553 (live-attenuated) and PXVX0317 (virus-like, particle-based), have been approved and have shown high immunogenicity, although their accessibility remains limited. Pathogenesis involves matrix remodeling-associated protein 8-mediated viral entry and immune dysregulation contributing to chronic arthritis. Traditional Chinese medicine approaches emphasize the removal of dampness and heat as well as the activation of collaterals, which have a potential adjunctive value in chronic phase management of CHIKF. Despite advances in vaccine development for CHIKF, challenges remain in terms of global coverage, research on chronic disease pathways and comprehensive treatment. Multidisciplinary collaboration will be needed to curb the public health impact of CHIKF in the future.</div><div>Please cite this article as: Yu XL, Zhou RY, Xie XY, Zhang Y, Jia J. Chikungunya fever—What we know and have done in the face of a new global public health threat. <em>J Integr Med</em>. 2026; 24(5):634–644.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":"24 5","pages":"Pages 634-644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147934854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic modulation by essential oils: Potential applications and challenges in palliative care","authors":"Sara Diogo Gonçalves,&nbsp;Raquel Garcia Diogo","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils have long been used in complementary medicine, and recent research has demonstrated their potential to modulate epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA regulation. These epigenetic effects suggest that essential oils may offer novel therapeutic benefits in palliative care, which primarily focus on symptom management, improvement of quality of life, and support for emotional well-being in patients with life-limiting conditions. This review examined the epigenetic mechanisms by which key compounds in essential oils, such as curcumin, eugenol, limonene and thymoquinone, modulate gene expression and cellular pathways associated with pain, inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer progression. Preclinical studies indicate that these compounds demonstrate the ability to modulate inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, promote neuroprotection and support immune function, making them promising adjuncts in the management of pain, cognitive decline and psychological distress. Despite these promising preclinical findings, challenges remain regarding bioavailability, optimal dosing and clinical safety. Further human studies are necessary to establish standardised protocols for using essential oils in palliative care. As research progresses, the integration of epigenetically active essential oils may provide a personalised and non-invasive approach to symptom management, thereby improving the quality of life and overall well-being of palliative care patients. Despite the promising preclinical findings, it is essential to note that clinical studies evaluating the epigenetic effects of essential oils in palliative care patients are currently lacking, underscoring the need for future research.</div><div><br>Please cite this article as: Diogo Gonçalves S, Garcia Diogo R. Epigenetic modulation by essential oils: Potential applications and challenges in palliative care. <em>J Integr Med</em>. 2026; 24(5):645–655.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":"24 5","pages":"Pages 645-655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qingfei Paidu decoction, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, protects against post-influenza bacterial infection by inhibiting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and cytokine storm","authors":"Jing-wen Mu,&nbsp;Ting Cheng,&nbsp;Liang Hu,&nbsp;Biao Lei,&nbsp;Yu-he Ma,&nbsp;Yu Cui,&nbsp;Yan-chun Peng,&nbsp;Wen-bo Huang,&nbsp;You-wen Ge,&nbsp;Ling-Pei Ho,&nbsp;Yue-juan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joim.2026.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Post-influenza bacterial infection is associated with higher severity and mortality rates. Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) has demonstrated efficacy as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent specifically for influenza. However, its role in bacterial secondary infection remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of QFPDD in a mouse model of post-influenza bacterial infection.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A mouse model of post-influenza bacterial infection was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of QFPDD. QFPDD was administered prior to the full establishment of secondary bacterial infection. Body weight, body temperature, lung indexes and pulmonary bacterial load were evaluated by lung weighing and colony counting of lung tissue homogenates. Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to characterize immune cell populations and cytokine expression levels in lung tissues. Neutrophil activation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and coagulation-related markers were examined using molecular and biochemical approaches. In vitro, pam&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;cys-ser-lys&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (Pam3CSK4)-stimulated macrophages were used to assess cytokine production, while the expression of phagocytic receptors was evaluated in macrophages and neutrophils following Pam3CSK4 or heat-killed &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/em&gt; stimulation. In addition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated neutrophils were utilized to assess the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of signaling pathways.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;QFPDD prevented body weight loss, reduced lung indexes, decreased lung bacterial load and alleviated hypothermia in secondary infected mice. ScRNA-seq analysis revealed decreased cytokine scores in the lungs following QFPDD treatment, with neutrophils exhibiting the highest cytokine scores among the 18 identified cell populations. QFPDD downregulated inflammatory mediators in neutrophils. Furthermore, QFPDD reduced the expression of xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3, and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, accompanied by decreased S100 calcium-binding protein A8 and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 levels, suggesting that QFPDD can be associated with the reduced formation of NETs. QFPDD also decreased platelet activation and hypercoagulation markers. In vitro, QFPDD inhibited cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages and suppressed ROS generation and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation in neutrophils. In addition, QFPDD significantly enhanced the expression of phagocytic receptors in macrophages and neutrophils.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;QFPDD confers protection against post-influenza bacterial infection by inhibiting the formation of NETs and cytokine storm, highlighting its potential as a candidate for further investigation in ","PeriodicalId":48599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrative Medicine-Jim","volume":"24 5","pages":"Pages 769-784"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}