Molecular Syndromology最新文献

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Bathrocephaly and Serpentine Fibula as Underrated Features of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I: A Case Report. 脑畸形和蛇形腓骨被低估为成骨不全I型的特征:1例报告。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1159/000549437
Felício de Freitas Netto, Ruy Pires de Oliveira Sobrinho, Tatiana Ferreira de Almeida, Carlos Eduardo Steiner
{"title":"Bathrocephaly and Serpentine Fibula as Underrated Features of Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I: A Case Report.","authors":"Felício de Freitas Netto, Ruy Pires de Oliveira Sobrinho, Tatiana Ferreira de Almeida, Carlos Eduardo Steiner","doi":"10.1159/000549437","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a heterogeneous group of skeletal dysplasias characterized mainly by bone fragility and propensity to fractures. The most common forms include classic types I, II, III, and IV, according to the classification of Sillence, caused by variants in the <i>COL1A1</i> or <i>COL1A2</i> genes. This report describes a case series of patients with OI type I confirmed by whole genome sequencing, highlighting the clinical and radiological manifestations of one atypical family.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Six individuals (1M:5F), aged 8 months to 34 years at their first consultation, were enrolled. All were clinically classified as OI type I due to the presence of osteopenia associated with blue sclerae and bone fractures; four presented with short stature, two with hearing loss, and one with fragile teeth; molecular testing confirmed that all presented with heterozygous pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the <i>COL1A1</i> gene. In one family, an unusual presentation was observed in the patient and her daughter, both of whom presented with severe short stature (Z-score <-6), abnormal skull shape (bathrocephaly), codfish vertebrae, bowing of the long bones in the lower limbs, and serpentine fibulas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bathrocephaly and serpentine fibula are rarely reported in classical OI types and are more frequently associated with other skeletal dysplasias, such as Hajdu-Cheney syndrome. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing underrated manifestations in OI and underscores the need for molecular confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"529-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12737795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum. 勘误表。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-24 DOI: 10.1159/msy/adrag018
{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/msy/adrag018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/msy/adrag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1159/000547923.].</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Single-Center Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Cohort Study of Hyperphenylalaninemia Patients: Genetic Analysis as a Deterministic Tool for Treatment Consistency. 高苯丙氨酸血症患者的单中心基因型-表型相关队列研究:遗传分析作为治疗一致性的确定性工具。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1159/000548834
Alp Peker, Sezin Yakut Uzuner, Özden Altıok Clark, Gülay Dal Demirelli, Belgin Akcan Paksoy, Erdoğan Soyuçen, Ercan Mıhçı
{"title":"A Single-Center Genotype-Phenotype Correlation Cohort Study of Hyperphenylalaninemia Patients: Genetic Analysis as a Deterministic Tool for Treatment Consistency.","authors":"Alp Peker, Sezin Yakut Uzuner, Özden Altıok Clark, Gülay Dal Demirelli, Belgin Akcan Paksoy, Erdoğan Soyuçen, Ercan Mıhçı","doi":"10.1159/000548834","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA, increased blood phenylalanine levels) refers to a disorder spectrum, with phenylketonuria (PKU) being the most common, caused by <i>PAH</i> gene variants in an autosomal recessive inheritance form. Genetic differences significantly influence phenotypical outcomes in HPA patients. This study investigates the genotype-phenotype correlation of HPA patients, aiming to evaluate treatment consistency based on specific genotypes and demonstrate that genotyping can provide guidance for optimal treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genomic DNA was obtained from 50 PKU, 2 tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency, and 1 dihydropteridin reductase deficiency patients for next-generation sequencing of HPA-associated genes. Variants were analyzed using the Sophia DDM program, dbSNP, ClinVar, Ensembl information services, and ACMG 2015 criteria. Allelic phenotypical values consistent with enzyme functionality based on literature data were assessed using anamnesis information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carriers of two null variants (homozygous/compound heterozygous) were unresponsive to BH4 therapy, reflecting the existing literature. Notably, BH4 therapy was also inadequate for two PKU patients who were compound heterozygous carriers with one null variant (P3, P10), even with other variants assumed protein function (PAH [NM_000277.3] c.1289T>C, c.143T>C). However, <i>PAH</i> variants c.1169A>G (P21) and c.898G>T (P25) demonstrated positive BH4 responses when compounding a null variant, along with a c.782G>A homozygous patient benefiting from BH4. Two novel variants were observed in <i>PTS</i> and <i>QDPR</i> genes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study implies that genetic testing is plausible in predicting pretreatment BH4 testing outcomes, aiding in decision-making before patient evaluation, and providing valuable guidance to metabolism specialists during HPA treatment. With more HPA genotypes analyzed and clinical data published, genotyping will hold a better deterministic position toward patient prognosis and therapeutic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"333-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Novel KMT5B Frameshift Variant Presenting with Autism and Psychiatric Features: Intrafamilial Phenotypic Variation - A Case Report. 一种新的KMT5B移码变异呈现自闭症和精神特征:家族内表型变异-一个病例报告。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1159/000549246
Sermin Özcan, Burcu Yeter
{"title":"A Novel <i>KMT5B</i> Frameshift Variant Presenting with Autism and Psychiatric Features: Intrafamilial Phenotypic Variation - A Case Report.","authors":"Sermin Özcan, Burcu Yeter","doi":"10.1159/000549246","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pathogenic variants in the <i>KMT5B</i> gene, encoding a lysine methyltransferase involved in chromatin remodeling, have been associated with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and various craniofacial features. However, the detailed genotype-phenotype correlations have yet to be fully elucidated.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a four-year-old male patient who presented with developmental delay, impaired social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and language delay. Whole-exome sequencing identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant in <i>KMT5B</i> (c.618del; p.Glu206Aspfs*7). Segregation analysis revealed that the patient's father also carried the same variant and exhibited intellectual disability and obsessive-compulsive disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By presenting a novel <i>KMT5B</i> variant alongside an atypical adult neuropsychiatric presentation, this report broadens both the variant and phenotypic spectrum of <i>KMT5B</i> haploinsufficiency. It further underscores the potential for neurobehavioral manifestations to extend beyond childhood, advocating for sustained clinical surveillance and age-spanning neuropsychiatric assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"434-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Double Genetic Diagnosis Involving MECP2 and EPHB4 in a Child with Neurodevelopmental Delay and Vascular Anomalies: A Case Report. 涉及MECP2和EPHB4的双基因诊断在神经发育迟缓和血管异常儿童中:1例报告。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1159/000549131
Aslihan Sanri, Mehmet Burak Mutlu
{"title":"Double Genetic Diagnosis Involving MECP2 and EPHB4 in a Child with Neurodevelopmental Delay and Vascular Anomalies: A Case Report.","authors":"Aslihan Sanri, Mehmet Burak Mutlu","doi":"10.1159/000549131","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Double genetic diagnoses are increasingly identified with the advent of genome-wide sequencing techniques. While <i>MECP2</i> mutations are associated with Rett syndrome and <i>EPHB4</i> mutations with vascular malformation syndromes, their co-occurrence has not been previously described.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe an 8-year-and-2-month-old girl presenting with global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and stereotypic behaviors, along with multiple well-demarcated cutaneous vascular lesions. Although she had no clinical seizures, electroencephalogram revealed epileptiform discharges. Physical examination showed dysmorphic features and vascular anomalies, including telangiectatic pink-to-red macular vascular lesions. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified two de novo heterozygous pathogenic variants: a missense mutation in <i>MECP2</i> (c.433C>T; p.Arg145Cys), a gene classically implicated in Rett syndrome, and a nonsense mutation in <i>EPHB4</i> (c.1093C>T; p.Arg365Ter), which has been previously associated with capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome type 2. The neurodevelopmental findings, while consistent with the broader spectrum of <i>MECP2</i>-related disorders, along with coexisting vascular anomalies, were best accounted for by a dual genetic diagnosis involving both <i>MECP2</i> and <i>EPHB4.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the diagnostic value of considering dual genetic diagnoses in patients with complex phenotypes and highlights the role of WES in uncovering multilocus variation, thereby expanding the known phenotypic spectrum associated with <i>MECP2</i> and <i>EPHB4</i> mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"417-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Candidate Functional miRNAs in Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia. 比较小RNA测序揭示了非酮症高血糖症的候选功能mirna。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1159/000548948
Harun Bayrak, Parisa Sharafi, Ahmet Çağlar Özketen, Mustafa Kılıç
{"title":"Comparative Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Candidate Functional miRNAs in Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia.","authors":"Harun Bayrak, Parisa Sharafi, Ahmet Çağlar Özketen, Mustafa Kılıç","doi":"10.1159/000548948","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a rare, autosomal recessive-inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism known as glycine encephalopathy. Clinical manifestations arise because of the enzyme deficiency involved in glycine degradation. Currently, no effective treatment exists to alter the prognosis of NKH; available therapies focus primarily on reducing glycine accumulation in the body. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Here, we report the comparative profiling of small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data generated from clinical samples diagnosed with a specific condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified miRNAs using miRNA-seq with samples obtained from three NKH patients, five individuals with heterozygous variants in NKH genes, and seven control cases. Utilising pathways from the PubChem database, we identified NKH-related pathways and used bioinformatics tools for miRNA, pathway, and disease prediction. This was followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses to enrich the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs based on miRNA-target interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, 10 known miRNAs were identified to be associated with NKH using at least two different tools. Our study is the first to demonstrate altered miRNA profiles in cases where the expression of <i>AMT</i> and <i>GLDC</i> genes is reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NKH is an ultrarare and difficult-to-diagnose disease. This study determines the miRNA-based biomarkers for early detection of NKH and provides a robust framework for advancing future experimental research and diagnostic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"347-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12618045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145543043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Esophageal Atresia, an Anomaly of VACTERL Association or Novel Feature of the FGF10 Gene: A Case Report. 食道闭锁:VACTERL相关异常或FGF10基因新特征1例报告
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1159/000549201
Miriam Escalante-Reyes, Elena García-Payá, Vanesa Agulló Re, Paula Sirera Sirera, Mercedes Navarro de Miguel, Rosario Sánchez Martínez
{"title":"Esophageal Atresia, an Anomaly of VACTERL Association or Novel Feature of the FGF10 Gene: A Case Report.","authors":"Miriam Escalante-Reyes, Elena García-Payá, Vanesa Agulló Re, Paula Sirera Sirera, Mercedes Navarro de Miguel, Rosario Sánchez Martínez","doi":"10.1159/000549201","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>VACTERL association (VA) is defined as the nonrandom co-occurrence of at least three of the following six features: Vertebral anomalies (V), Anal atresia (A), Cardiac defects (C), Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TE), Renal defects (R), and Limb anomalies (L). The genetic basis of VA remains undiscovered.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this study, we report a 22-year-old male patient suspected of VA at birth (TE: esophageal atresia (EA), C: dextrocardia, without heterotaxy, and L: hypoplasia of thumb phalanges). Additionally, the patient presented lacrimal gland aplasia, xerostomia, and pulmonary hypoplasia (PH). Whole exome sequencing identified a novel loss-of-function <i>FGF10</i> variant: c.2T>C; p.(Met1Thr). Pathogenic variants in the <i>FGF10</i> gene are known causes of lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome 3 or aplasia of lacrimal and salivary glands, but their association has been scarcely described in the literature. This <i>FGF10</i> variant was also detected in other family members exhibiting a wide range of clinical variability; however, PH and EA were observed only in our index case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report supports the involvement of the <i>FGF10</i> gene in EA and PH, and expands the phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic <i>FGF10</i> variants. We hypothesize that while <i>FGF10</i> contributes to the development of PH or VACTERL association (VA), a yet unidentified second hit is likely necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"423-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Blended Phenotypes in Siblings: Dual Diagnoses of Nicolaides-Baraitser and Craniosynostosis Syndromes. 兄弟姐妹的混合表型:Nicolaides-Baraitser综合征和颅缝闭锁综合征的双重诊断。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1159/000549014
Sami Bizzari, Cybel Mehawej, Eliane Chouery, Pratibha Nair, Sandra Corbani, Gerard Lefranc, Stephany El-Hayek, Andre Megarbane
{"title":"Blended Phenotypes in Siblings: Dual Diagnoses of Nicolaides-Baraitser and Craniosynostosis Syndromes.","authors":"Sami Bizzari, Cybel Mehawej, Eliane Chouery, Pratibha Nair, Sandra Corbani, Gerard Lefranc, Stephany El-Hayek, Andre Megarbane","doi":"10.1159/000549014","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neurodevelopmental and multiple malformation disorders spanning large phenotypic series can often lead to obscure diagnoses in the clinic. Blended phenotypes from multiple etiologies can compound this issue. We present a rare familial case of two siblings with Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS) complicated by an initial diagnosis of syndromic craniosynostosis in one of the patients.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for the affected siblings using the Agilent SureSelect kit and Illumina HiSeq 2500 system, followed by GATK variant calling and in-house annotation. Sanger sequencing was used to validate candidate variants in all immediate family members. A pathogenic de novo variant in <i>TCF12</i> (p.Gln646Ter), consistent with craniosynostosis type 3 (CRS3), was identified in the proband, along with a novel likely pathogenic variant in <i>SMARCA2</i> (p.Ile833Phe) involved in NCBRS. The latter was also detected in the sister and is thus suspected to have arisen through germline mosaicism. Various overlapping phenotypic manifestations complicated clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case expands the molecular and clinical spectrum of NCBRS and CRS3 and underscores the utility of trio-based WES in detecting blended phenotypes of disorders with growing phenotypic spectrums. Paternal germline mosaicism may underlie high recurrence and inform reproductive counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"400-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic Syndromes Including Intellectual Disability and Different Cancer Types. 遗传综合症包括智力残疾和不同类型的癌症。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1159/000549291
Gül Ünsel-Bolat, Esra Dutar, Hilmi Bolat
{"title":"Genetic Syndromes Including Intellectual Disability and Different Cancer Types.","authors":"Gül Ünsel-Bolat, Esra Dutar, Hilmi Bolat","doi":"10.1159/000549291","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine genetic syndromes including both cancers and intellectual disabilities, specific cancer types accompanying intellectual disabilities.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>We obtained the data from the clinical synopsis of the syndromes available in the OMIM database (https://www.omim.org/). In the first step, we detected 794 syndromes using different terms of intellectual disabilities and cancers. In the second step, we investigated the clinical synopsis of each syndrome in detail. Of these, we included 99 syndromes in which both intellectual disability and any type of cancer were presented. In the third step, we collected following data of these 99 syndromes: OMIM number, gene and location, syndrome/protein, tumor/neoplasia, inheritance, growth, head/neck, respiratory, cardiovascular, abdomen, genitourinary, skeletal, skin/nails/hair, neurologic, endocrine features, immunology, prenatal manifestations, laboratory abnormalities, and other system findings.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The most common cancer types among these 99 syndromes are listed in percentage. Since individuals with intellectual disabilities have difficulty expressing themselves and understanding the symptoms of the disease, the diagnosis of diseases in these people is late and their treatment becomes difficult. We suggest that genetic tests to be performed in intellectual disability are important for early diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of accompanying cancers. We especially emphasize the importance of leukemia, brain tumors, and tumors of embryonal origin in individuals with intellectual disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"363-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phenotypic Divergence in Siblings with the Same Genotype: Diffuse Dermal Melanocytosis in Infantile-Onset Galactosialidosis. 具有相同基因型的兄弟姐妹的表型差异:弥漫性皮肤黑素细胞增多症在婴儿发病的半乳糖唾液增多症。
IF 0.8 4区 医学
Molecular Syndromology Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1159/000549013
Berrak Bilginer Gürbüz, Özge Özalp
{"title":"Phenotypic Divergence in Siblings with the Same Genotype: Diffuse Dermal Melanocytosis in Infantile-Onset Galactosialidosis.","authors":"Berrak Bilginer Gürbüz, Özge Özalp","doi":"10.1159/000549013","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Galactosialidosis (GS) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the CTSA gene. The resulting deficiency of protective protein/cathepsin A leads to reduced β-galactosidase and α-neuraminidase activity, causing multisystem involvement. While typical features include dysmorphic facies, organomegaly, skeletal dysplasia, and neurological impairment, dermatologic manifestations remain poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a 9-month-old girl presenting with hepatosplenomegaly and diffuse dermal melanocytosis. Her history included nonimmune hydrops fetalis, congenital cataract, developmental delay, and recurrent respiratory infections. Clinical and radiological evaluation revealed coarse facial features, dysostosis multiplex, and periventricular white matter changes. Enzyme assay demonstrated markedly reduced β-galactosidase activity. Genetic testing identified a homozygous CTSA c.359T>C (p.Ile120Thr) variant, classified as likely pathogenic. Family screening revealed her 10-year-old brother carried the same variant in homozygosity. He exhibited milder features, including developmental delay, hearing loss, and skeletal abnormalities without cutaneous involvement or organomegaly. Enzymatic deficiency was confirmed in both siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report highlights diffuse dermal melanocytosis as a possible novel cutaneous marker of GS, potentially aiding early recognition. It also illustrates intrafamilial phenotypic variability despite identical genotypes. Our findings underscore the importance of dermatologic clues in the diagnostic workup of lysosomal storage disorders and advocate for family-based genetic screening to identify asymptomatic or mildly affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48566,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Syndromology","volume":" ","pages":"409-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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