Клінічна анатомія та оперативна хірургія最新文献

{"title":"SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIABILITY OF ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE MANDIBULAR CANAL(S) IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY","authors":"Anatolii Oshurko, Nazar Yaremchuk, Ihor Oliinyk, Ihor Makarchuk, Valentyna Sukhliak, Tetiana Kerimova, Oleksandr Pompii, Elina Pompii","doi":"10.24061/1727-0847.22.2.2023.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.22.2.2023.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper presents arguments about the possible iatrogenic eff ect during odontological or reconstructive surgical interventions on the dental- maxillary system, taking into account the morphological variability and topography of the mandibular canal(s) while maintaining the functionality of its (their) morphological structures.The aim of the study is to substantiate the necessary understanding of the peculiarities of morphological variants and laying the mandibular canal(s) in order to preserve the morphological and functional properties of its (their) structures during dental conservative and surgical interventions.Material and Methods. The screening of 1000 digital segmental records of X-ray examinations of the human lower jaw aged 25-75 years was conducted, and 58 of them were identifi ed, refl ecting the iatrogenic eff ect on its foliar morphological structures.Results and Discussion. Due to its mechanical and long-term chemical action, odontological iatrogenicity is characterized by twofold pathoetiological signs of infl uence on periapical and adjacent morphological formations. During mechanical action, the primary pathological manifestation is ischemia, in this case of the neurovascular bundle, with varying degrees of damage, which will later be refl ected in the reversible or irreversible, or conditionally reversible (anastomosing) recovery. In the case of chemical action, there are manifestations of destructive changes with a progressive degree of necrosis, depending on the origin and concentration of the etiological factor, which in most cases, becomes irreversible. Pathological processes and atrophy of the mandibular bone tissue caused by the loss of the masticatory group of teeth reduce the diagnostic diff erentiation of the anatomical and topographic features of the mandibular canal(s).Conclusions. Misunderstanding of individual anatomical variants and topography of the mandibular canal(s) during X-ray examinations to plan dental surgical interventions leads to damage to its morphological structures. Any traumatization of the neurovascular bundle laid in the mandibular canal(s) is expressed by proprioreceptive disorders in the areas of its innervation, primarily infl ammatory- resorption processes, due to a violation of their nutrition. The degree of iatrogenicity depends on the aggressiveness of the pathoetiological factor and the summation of its action over time, as well as on the morphology of the mandibular canal system, which can take on the function of «relative compensation»","PeriodicalId":485482,"journal":{"name":"Клінічна анатомія та оперативна хірургія","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF BIOELECTRIC CHANGES IN THE NERVE – MUSCULAR COMPLEX UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF SHOCK WAVE INFLUENCE","authors":"Volodymyr Kosharnyi, Larisa Abdul-Ogly, Iryna Kitova, Serhii Tkachenko, Nataliya Markhon","doi":"10.24061/1727-0847.22.2.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.22.2.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recently, multimodal neurophysiological monitoring has been widely implemented in medical practice, thanks to which a powerful diagnostic base, additional possibilities of intensive therapy, surgical treatment and signifi cant improvement of its results are provided.In our experiment, as a result of the analysis of bioelectrical changes in the neuromuscular complex under the conditions of shock wave exposure, distinct changes in the functioning of the neuromuscular complex were observed, which were manifested in an increase in the excitation threshold under conditions of both direct and indirect stimulation of the calf muscle, reduction of the latent period and chronaxia with indirect stimulation and increase in the amplitude of the action potential. Blast injury leads to changes in refractoriness phases, there is a signifi cant increase in the amplitude of the action potential in response to the second stimulus. Under the conditions of simulation of the action of the shock wave, reliable changes in the conditioned bioelectric activity of the calf muscle develop, which is manifested in increased excitability, a decrease in the degree of synchronization of the response of the muscle under study, and a slowing of its response to indirect stimulation.On the day of the explosive injury, a more than two-fold increase in the amplitude of the evoked response of the calf muscle was observed, after a week this indicator showed a tendency to normalize, and after two weeks of the model’s existence it was only 140 % of the average value in the control group.Progressive changes in the bioelectrical activity of the neuromuscular apparatus reach a maximum after one week and do not level off completely after two weeks after the injury. In addition, primary damage, such as microvascular damage and neuroinfl ammation, do not play a major role in the occurrence of neurophysiological disorders, as they are present only in the initial period after the injury, but almost disappear after fourteen days.","PeriodicalId":485482,"journal":{"name":"Клінічна анатомія та оперативна хірургія","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RATS’ CEREBRAL CORTEX UNDER CONDITIONS OF DMH-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS","authors":"Iryna Ivanchuk, Nataliya Lisnychuk","doi":"10.24061/1727-0847.22.2.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.22.2.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The progression of the endogenous intoxication syndrome accompanies the development of any neoplasm. The infl uence of toxic products leads to signifi cant disruptions in homeostasis, which seriously aff ects the central nervous system, specifi cally the cortex of the large hemispheres. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to establish changes in the morphological reorganization of the cortex of the large hemispheres of rats with DMG-induced adenocarcinoma in situ. The study used 85 mature white male rats. All animals were divided into 2 groups: I – 35 intact animals and II – 50 animals with DMG-induced colon adenocarcinoma.Histological slides of the brain were prepared by the generally accepted methodology. The drugs were studied using a MICROmed SEO SCAN light microscope and photo- documented using a Vision CCD Camera. The histological organization of the cerebral cortex of intact animals had typical histoarchitectonics. In the fi rst three stages of the experiment, moderate changes in the morphological organization of the cortex were detected compared to the control group. The fourth stage of DMG-induced carcinogenesis modeling was characterized by the manifestation of morphological changes, a decrease in the number of normochromic, an increase in hypo- and hyperchromic neurocytes, and the appearance of cell alteration signs. Typical for this period also was the progression of hemodynamic disorders: venous hyperemia, stasis, aggregation of erythrocytes («sludge»), and an increase in perivascular and pericellular edema. At the 5th and 6th stages of the experiment, a violation of the cytoarchitectonics of the cortex was revealed. Destructive changes in neurocytes increased. Betz cells were in a state of tigrolysis, sometimes in total one. A decrease in the Nissl substance in neurons confi rmed their impaired functional capacity. Increased permeability of capillary walls led to severe pericellular edema of neurocytes. Intracellular edema was also detected in most neurocytes. The 7th stage of the induced carcinogenesis was characterized by the presence of severe destructive changes in neurons: an increase in the number of hypo-, hyperchromic, sharply hypo-, and sharply hyperchromic neurocytes, a fragmentation of neurocyte neuroplasm, most of Betz cells in a state of total tigrolysis, a decrease in the content of Nissl substance in them, up to its complete absence. Blood capillaries had a deformed wall and signifi cantly enlarged perivascular spaces. Consequently, the study established the development and dynamics of alterative changes in the neurocytes of the cerebral cortex caused by DMG-induced carcinogenesis. These disorders were characterized by alteration of neurocytes and progressive microcirculation disorders. All identifi ed morphological changes in the brains of aff ected animals prove their dependence on the duration of carcinogen exposure.
","PeriodicalId":485482,"journal":{"name":"Клінічна анатомія та оперативна хірургія","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136350867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF MELATONIN IN COMPLICATED PREGNANCY","authors":"Anastasiya Pushkashu, Alina Semeniak","doi":"10.24061/1727-0847.22.1.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.22.1.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there have been signifi cant changes in the understanding of the hormone melatonin (MT). It has been confi rmed that the processes of conception, pregnancy, and childbirth directly depend on the rhythm and level of MT secretion, but there is no general concept that could describe in detail the mechanisms of infl uence on ontogenesis. The aim of the study. To assess MT in the blood of pregnant with retrochorial hematoma (RCH) up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.Material and methods. Two groups were formed: 1st – 40 pregnant women with RCH, 2nd control– 44 healthy pregnant. Obstetric research, enzyme immunoassay to determine MT, and ultrasound were performed. Statistical analysis according to generally accepted methods of variational statistics.The approval of the scientifi c work was obtained from the Bioethical Commission of the Bukovinian State Medical University (Ukraine).Research results. A signifi cant decrease of MT in the 1st group and the dependence of its level on the size of the RCH was revealed: in the case of hematomas up to 1 cm MT (59.31±10.32 pg/ml) (р ˂ 0.001), which is not observed in hematomas more than 1 cm, which are dangerous for pregnancy (93.98±14.52 pg/ml), which may indicate a compensatory increase in MT; and the term of pregnancy (in 10-12 weeks 79.03±9.61 pg/ml (р ˂ 0.05), in 5-6 weeks 93.78±17.44 pg/ml).Conclusions. In cases of RCH up to 1 cm the number of MT decreases with the development of pregnancy, which can be used as a prognostic marker for the diagnosis of pregnancy complications. The increase in the level of MT with RCH more than 1 cm can be considered as a compensatory increase for the preservation of pregnancy and a regulatory infl uence on the further course of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":485482,"journal":{"name":"Клінічна анатомія та оперативна хірургія","volume":"26 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136195894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}