Science and Medicine in Football最新文献

{"title":"Accounting for multiple injuries does not improve the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) as a tool to identify injury risk among English Premier League academy football players: a 3-season prospective cohort study","authors":"Robert McCunn, Colin Blackburne, F. Newton, N. Carroll, Arnhild Bakken, Desmond Ryan, A. McCall","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1595114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1595114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between FMS™ score and non-contact injury while accounting for participant exposure and multiple injuries to the same player. Materials and methods: Sixty-four players were screened during the preseason period with non-contact injuries and exposure time recorded prospectively for the entirety of three consecutive seasons (2014/15, 2015/16 and 2016/17). One-hundred and eighteen player-season observations were included in the analysis. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were utilized to explore associations between FMS™ composite, individual sub-test scores, the number of sub-test asymmetries and non-contact injury. Results: The FMS™ composite score demonstrated a likely trivial (IRR: 1.05 95%CI: 0.94–1.17) association with non-contact injury. The number of individual sub-test asymmetries and all of the sub-test scores (with the exception of the hurdle step, IRR: 1.58 95%CI: 0.99–2.52) demonstrated unclear associations with non-contact injury. Conclusions: No associations with non-contact injury were observed for the FMS™ composite score, individual sub-test scores or the number of sub-test asymmetries, even when accounting for exposure and multiple injuries to the same player. Practical implications: The FMS™ composite score is likely not useful for injury risk stratification, nor are the individual sub-tests or the number of asymmetries.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"251 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1595114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Football-induced fatigue in hypoxia impairs repeated sprint ability and perceptual-cognitive skills","authors":"S. Pullinger, P. Bradley, Joe Causer, Paul R. Ford, Antonia Newlove, Kieran Patel, K. Reid, Colin M. Robertson, J. Burniston, D. Doran, J. Waterhouse, B. Edwards","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1591633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1591633","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose:Investigate football-induced fatigue during hypoxia on RS and perceptual-cognitive skills. Methods: Ten semi-professional footballers underwent a control session (0-m) to quantify RS in a non-fatigued state; and three hypoxia sessions (0-m;1500-m;3000-m) examining RS and perceptual-cognitive skills for a given physical workload. The mean number of correct responses (%) for anticipation and decision-making accuracy were obtained at the 30-min mark of each half. HR, TC, RPE and %O2sat were measured during warm-up, football-induced fatigue and RS test. Results: HR, RPE and %O2sat were different between conditions (ES=0.44-6.13). RS were affected by football-induced fatigue for DC (4.8%;ES=0.68) and AV (5.5%;ES=0.79). In hypoxia, a 6.5% was found for DC, 6.3% for AV and 3.1% for PV at 1500-m compared to 0-m (P<0.05). Further significant changes of 12.8% DC, 12.8% AV and 6.2% PV (P<0.0005) were found at 3000-m compared to 0-m. More pronounced declines in perceptual-cognitive skills were found as altitude increased (5.0-12.5%;ES=1.17-2.41) and between halves (5.3-6.7%). Conclusion: The data demonstrates the RS test was sensitive to fatigue/hypoxia for a given physical load. Simulated matches in hypoxia revealed larger decreases, in RS and perceptual-cognitive skills, highlighting the need for optimal acclimatisation strategies, including physical and technical preparation, prior to playing at altitude.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"221 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1591633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44077525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing consensus of position-specific predictors for elite youth soccer in England","authors":"S. Roberts, Allistair P. McRobert, C. Lewis, M. Reeves","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1581369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1581369","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: To construct a valid and reliable methodology for the development of position-specific predictors deemed appropriate for talent identification purposes within elite youth soccer in England. Method: N = 10 panel experts participated in a three-step modified e-Delphi poll to generate consensus on a series of generic youth player attributes. A follow-up electronic survey completed by coaches, scouts and recruitment staff (n = 99) ranked these attributes to specific player-positions. Results: A final list of 44 player attributes found consensus using the three-step modified e-Delphi poll. Findings indicated that player-positional attributes considered most important in the youth phase are more psychological and technical than physiological or anthropometric. Despite ‘hidden’ attributes (e.g., coachability, flair, versatility, and vision) finding consensus on the e-Delphi poll, there was no evidence to support these traits when associated with a specific playing position. Conclusion: For those practitioners responsible for talent recruitment, our findings may provide greater understanding of the multiple attributes required for some playing positions. However, further ecological research is required to assess the veracity of our claims.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"205 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1581369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does environmental heat stress impact physical and technical match-play characteristics in football?","authors":"C. Loxston, Michael Lawson, V. Unnithan","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1566763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1566763","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine the impact of environmental heat stress conditions on physical and technical football match-play characteristics. Method: Data from 42 matches of 9 outfields, professional football players were collected in temperatures ranging from 13°C to 37°C and relative humidity ranging from 11% to 83%. Individual player data were only included if a player had played a full match (>90+ min) and had completed at least one full match in each of the four available environmental heat stress risk conditions of low, moderate, high and excessive. Results: Significant effects were observed for run speed (p = .001), high speed run (p = .041), high intensity (p = .023) and explosive (p = .001) distance covered, with run speed and explosive distance significantly decreasing in excessive compared to low environmental heat stress conditions. Similarly, the number of balls lost (p = .002) significantly decreased in excessive compared to low climatic conditions. Total and sprint distances were unaffected. Conclusion: Excessive environmental conditions may impact physical and to some degree technical match-play characteristics. A rational may be due to professional players employing pacing strategies to modulate their physical exertion in an attempt to control thermal strain and physical fatigue.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"191 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1566763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60129529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity on days with and without soccer practice in 12-13-year-old boys","authors":"Anniina Ala-Kitula, J. Peltonen, T. Finni, V. Linnamo","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2018.1562276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1562276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction: Majority of children are unable to meet the recommended 60min of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Even participation into organized sport may not guarantee that recommended amount of activity is reached. Objectives: Purpose of this study was to examine the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) on days with and without practices and to find out whether daytime PA preceding soccer practice is associated with certain practice-time PA intensity level. Methods: Daily light, moderate and vigorous PA of 18 boys between 12 and 13 years of age engaged in soccer was measured for 9 days with and without soccer practices with wrist-worn Polar A300 activity meter. In addition, PA during practices was extracted and compared to PA preceding the practice session. Results: The daily MVPA was twice as high on days with training as compared to days without training both on weekdays (mean difference ± 95% confidence interval = 67 min ± 14 min) and on weekend (63 min ± 36 min). PA preceding soccer practice had a positive correlation with all PA intensity levels during practice (r = 0.34–0.84, p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusion: Physical activity should be promoted especially on days without organized practices and children should be encouraged to be physically active throughout the day as this was not found to compromise their activity during training.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"245 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2018.1562276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47329551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and reproducibility of a fatigue response in elite youth football players","authors":"J. Fitzpatrick, R. Akenhead, M. Russell, K. Hicks, P. Hayes","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1571685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1571685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective:This study aimed to establish firstly, the sensitivity of subjective wellness, jump performance and triaxial accelerometer measures to training-induced fatigue and secondly, the reproducibility of this training-induced fatigue response. Methods: In 14 elite youth football players, morning assessments of subjective wellness (fatigue, sleep quality, muscle soreness, stress and mood), jump performance (countermovement jump height [CMJ], squat jump height [SJ] and drop jump contact time [DJ-CT], height [DJ-JH] and reactive strength index [DJ-RSI]) and triaxial accelerometer data (PlayerLoadTM (PL), the individual movement planes of PL (anterior–posterior [PLAP], mediolateral [PLML] and vertical [PLV]) and the percentage contribution of each component plane) were collected before (−24 h and immediately prior) and after (+24 h, +48 h) a standardised strenuous training session on two occasions in order to assess the reproducibility of a training-induced fatigue response. Sensitivity was assessed via the signal: noise (S:N) ratio of the changes in fatigue measures +24 h post training and the minimum detectable change for each measure. Results: DJ-RSI, PLML and %PLV were found to be sensitive measures of training-induced fatigue, which displayed a reproducible response (S:N > 1 on both occasions). CMJ, SJ and all subjective wellness measures were not able to detect a reproducible fatigue response.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"214 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1571685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45873649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance training in the heat improves strength in professional rugby athletes","authors":"Cory Miles, B. Mayo, C. Beaven, D. Mcmaster, S. Sims, K. Hébert-Losier, M. Driller","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2019.1566764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2019.1566764","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Muscle adaptations are potentially enhanced through resistance training in elevated environmental temperatures (>30°C) due to upregulated anabolic hormonal responses. Method: Eighteen professional rugby union athletes performed a 3-week resistance training intervention where they were randomly allocated into 2 groups: HEAT (n = 8) with all lower-body training sessions performed in an environmental chamber set at 35°C and 37% relative humidity, or CON (n = 10) where identical training was performed under temperate conditions (21°C and 45%). Pre- and post-training tests included measures of strength, power, endurance, speed and body mass. Results: Small effect sizes were found in favour of HEAT for the back squat (g = 0.25) and bench press strength (g = 0.22). All other measures were associated with trivial or unclear effects. A significant group × time interaction was found for body mass, associated with a trivial effect size (g = 0.18, HEAT +1.5 kg; CON −0.8 kg). Discussion: Lower body resistance training in the heat led to small improvements in lower and upper body strength compared to the identical training program performed in temperate conditions. This observation is suggestive of a priming or potentiating effect of prior training in the heat.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"198 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2019.1566764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iliac crest avulsion fracture and staged return to play: a case report in youth soccer","authors":"O. Materne, Alharbi Hani, R. Duncan","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2018.1542156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1542156","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purposes: Iliac crest avulsion fracture is an unusual pathology. Final functional outcomes are generally excellent, though recurrent symptoms may delay the return to play. There is a lack of published evidence on conservative management and rehabilitation for this injury. The aim of this case study is to describe a comprehensive and successful rehabilitation plan of a youth elite soccer player. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old male centre-back soccer player sustained a left iliac crest avulsion fracture. The injury occurred while executing a right-footed long cross of the ball, right to left. Intervention: After a short period of rest (including a lumbosacral orthosis), rehabilitation progressed from non-weight-bearing through to an array of sports-specific full weight-bearing exercises. The field sessions were individualised, based on the player’s physiological profile and match characteristics in non-linear dynamics. Outcomes: The player recovered fully and returned pain-free at the same international football level after 14 weeks. There has been no recurrence since. Conclusion: An iliac crest avulsion fracture in youth soccer can be fully recovered by conservative management. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, progressive (individualised) sports-specific rehabilitation and good compliance were key factors in the successful return to play.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"104 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2018.1542156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45263147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The weakest link: a novel use of network analysis for the broken passing links in football","authors":"S. Mclean, P. Salmon","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2018.1562277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1562277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Understanding passing connectivity in football is a critical component of team performance assessment. Many studies have examined successful passing via network analysis; however, no research has attempted to understand the broken passing connections as a network in football. Method: In a first of its kind study, we assessed a teams’ unsuccessful or ‘broken’ passing links using network analysis. The analysis used the 2018 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Liverpool. The broken passing links were identified and analysed using network analysis to determine team and individual network characteristics. Results: Eventual winners Real Madrid had fewer players involved in the broken passing links network, compared to Liverpool. The analysis also highlights the individual contributions, in terms of passers and intended recipients within the broken passing links network. Discussion: This short communication study has demonstrated a novel use of network analysis to analyse the broken passing networks in football. This extension to the utility of network analysis in football could be used as a tool for coaches and match analysts to understand team and opposition performance. Further research is recommended to test the method across multiple games, levels of competition, and pitch location, of the broken passing links.","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"255 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2018.1562277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46849594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of external workload in soccer training and competition: generic versus individually determined speed thresholds","authors":"R. Kavanagh, C. Carling","doi":"10.1080/24733938.2018.1562279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2018.1562279","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, we read with interest a recent article published in Science and Medicine in Football employing data mining techniques in an attempt to determine new time-motion analysis speed thresholds for elite women football players (Park et al. 2018). This article fits in with the continual need to hone monitoring techniques and aid understanding of external loads in contemporary training and match-play. The information can aid practitioners in manipulating physical output and monitoring responses to the stimulus to help players respond to playing demands whilst attempting to reduce the risk of incurring injury. Historically, external workload has been determined using high-speed and sprinting outputs generally represented by distances covered above generic or arbitrary player-independent speed thresholds (or zones) of 5.5 and 7 m/s, respectively. These thresholds have frequently been used in professional football especially since the introduction of semi-automated camera systems, and were universally adopted by the major contemporary commercial GPS and Optical tracking companies. As a result, they have found their way into the scientific literature and football industry despite a lack of scientific investigations providing an empirical technical, tactical and physiological grounding. As performance indicators, generic thresholds allowpractitioners to compare running outputs at an absolute level across teams, individual players, playing positions and standards using the same criteria. However, when a generic speed threshold of 5.5 m/s was used on a squad average basis to quantify the high-intensity running distance covered by elite players in competition, outputs were substantially underestimated in comparison to data adjusted according to individual speed thresholds derived from physiological testing (Abt and Lovell 2009). Similarly, while a threshold of 7 m/s is widely used to classify sprinting distance in elite professional football, peak speeds ranging between 8.2 and 9.7m/s have been reported across players (Rampinini et al. 2007). As such, sprinting distance can be substantially overestimated in training and match-play in some players. Recently, Colby et al. (2018) suggested that in order to reduce injury risk, athletes should be exposed to nearmaximal velocities on a regular basis. As a result, it would seemmore logical tomonitor running activity above 95%of each individual’s peak speed as opposed to a generic threshold. In our opinion, the article by Park and colleagues has employed a fresh approach to determining time-motion analysis speed thresholds via data mining techniques. These techniques can be used to group athlete velocity data and determine patterns within athlete movements, without the requirement of a human input threshold based on a physiologically defined or arbitrary value (Sweeting et al. 2017). Yet we ask whether high speed running and sprinting data derived using these techniques are sufficient to provide an accurate ","PeriodicalId":48512,"journal":{"name":"Science and Medicine in Football","volume":"3 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/24733938.2018.1562279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49488198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}