Water Economics and Policy最新文献_第8页

Hierarchical Modelling of Small-Scale Irrigation: Constraints and Opportunities for Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa 小规模灌溉的层次模型：撒哈拉以南非洲采用的制约因素和机会

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22500059

B. Haile, Dawit Mekonnen, Jowel Choufani, C. Ringler, E. Bryan

{"title":"Hierarchical Modelling of Small-Scale Irrigation: Constraints and Opportunities for Adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"B. Haile, Dawit Mekonnen, Jowel Choufani, C. Ringler, E. Bryan","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x22500059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x22500059","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation has significant potential to enhance productivity, resilience to climatic risks and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. While the focus has historically been on large-scale dam-based schemes, farmer-managed small-scale irrigation (SSI) has gained increased attention in recent years. Using data from Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana, we first examine patterns of adoption of different SSI technologies. Next, we employ hierarchical modelling to examine which variables are associated with observed adoption patterns and cluster effects that explain variation in irrigation adoption. We document significant cross-country variation in adoption patterns and find a positive association between plot-level use of SSI and the intensity of agricultural labor and inorganic fertilizers applied on the plot. Community-level intra-cluster correlation (ICC) is the highest in Tanzania, where gravity-fed irrigation is most common while farm-level ICC is the highest in Ethiopia where motorized technologies are more common. These results suggest the need for localized investments to ease locale-specific potential constraints. For example, easing possible liquidity constraints to acquiring motorized technologies can be more effective in Ethiopia while the construction of dams and improved conveyance systems, as well as the strengthening of community-based irrigation management (e.g., through Water User Associations (WUAs)) can be more effective in Tanzania. Further research is needed to understand pathways for selected plot-level characteristics that affect use of SSI including status of plot ownership and the gender of the plot manager.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48392021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Collective Actions and Leadership Attributes: A Cluster Analysis of Water User Associations in Chile 集体行动和领导属性:智利用水户协会的聚类分析

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22500035

C. Bopp, A. Engler, R. Jara‐Rojas, C. Hunecke, O. Melo

引用次数: 1

Saving the Colorado River Delta: How Much is It Worth? 拯救科罗拉多河三角洲：价值多少？

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22500011

A. Sarkar

{"title":"Saving the Colorado River Delta: How Much is It Worth?","authors":"A. Sarkar","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x22500011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x22500011","url":null,"abstract":"The Colorado River is a river system spanning seven states in the United States (US) and two in Mexico. Water in the river has been over-allocated, which has led the Colorado River Delta in Mexico to dry up, thus endangering the indigenous species. The two nations made several temporary, costly allocation agreements to transfer water to the Delta for ecological restoration. However, there is still no long-term economic solution for the Delta, which is what this study aims to address. In this work, I investigate solutions for rerouting water to the Delta that will minimize costs without causing excessive damage to the agrarian economy in the US. The cost of conserving water for the Delta was analyzed using numerical simulations with crop data from the Imperial Irrigation District in California. The objective is to find a policy that would help allocate 100,000 acre-feet per year to the Colorado River Delta at a minimum lifetime cost. Two scenarios are studied that would yield enough water for a sustainable restoration of the ecosystem: fallowing croplands and changing the irrigation system to be more water-efficient. Results indicate that fallowing 20,000 ac of alfalfa would be the least costly way of accumulating this resource at a cost ranging from $5.5 million to $13 million per year for a 31-year time horizon. This paper provides new insight into ways in which the US and Mexico can secure the future of ecosystems like the Colorado River Delta.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48618514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Valuing Health Loss in Karachi City from Water Contamination and Household Defensive Behavior 水污染和家庭防御行为对卡拉奇市健康损失的评估

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22500023

Faisal Jamil, Z. Siddique, Iftikhar Hussain Adil

{"title":"Valuing Health Loss in Karachi City from Water Contamination and Household Defensive Behavior","authors":"Faisal Jamil, Z. Siddique, Iftikhar Hussain Adil","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x22500023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x22500023","url":null,"abstract":"Clean water is essential for healthy living and the use of contaminated water is a major source of global and regional burden of disease and mortality in less developed countries. This study identifies the extent of water contamination through standardized laboratory tests from the metropolitan city of Karachi, which is the largest city of Pakistan. Moreover, a household survey data is used to estimate a health production function focusing on waterborne diseases. The study finds the average probability of waterborne diseases and estimates the cost of illness from the sample data. Probability of illness and defensive behavior are proxied by the prevalence of diarrhea and household expenditures on water treatment, respectively. The results show that the likelihood of getting diarrhea is higher among households who make less expenditures on water treatment. Water contamination positively affects and filtration negatively affects the prevalence of diarrhea in the city. Further, the study finds that the total direct monthly health cost of untreated water consumption for the entire population of Karachi is PKR 80.7 million.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44287747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Book Review — Sustainable Groundwater Management: A Comparative Analysis of French and Australian Policies and Implications to Other Countries 书评-可持续地下水管理:法国和澳大利亚政策的比较分析及其对其他国家的影响

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22800017

Simon de Bonviller

引用次数: 0

Editorial Volume 7 Issue 4 (October 2021) 第七辑第四期(2021年10月)

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x21010049

Jonas Luckmann

引用次数: 0

Policy Note: Expanding Irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa 政策说明：扩大撒哈拉以南非洲的灌溉

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x2171003x

S. Balasubramanya, U. Lele

{"title":"Policy Note: Expanding Irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"S. Balasubramanya, U. Lele","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x2171003x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x2171003x","url":null,"abstract":"Policymakers in Sub-Saharan Africa have placed considerable emphasis on expanding irrigated agriculture. This is in response to the subcontinent’s growing population pressure, coupled with production risks associated with declining and variable rainfall. Irrigation is viewed as an important strategy to improve food security and protect rural livelihoods, with small-scale irrigation identified as the preferred strategy. And yet, adoption of irrigation has been slow, and irrigation investments are often underutilized. Expanding irrigated agriculture through increases in cultivated area alone will not be sufficient for greater food security; land and water productivity of irrigated agriculture needs to be increased, and this may in fact help accelerate the adoption of irrigation. Shared irrigation investments among small farmers are going to be challenging to sustain as smallholder households diversify their livelihoods, and do not cultivate field crops every season. For individual irrigation technologies, many barriers exist in their adoption, especially the risks and ambiguities such as pestilence and borehole installation failures; and governments will have to invest significantly more than they currently do in research and extension efforts to ease these barriers. Finally, the expansion of irrigation, especially individual irrigation, will likely create environmental challenges such as aquifer depletion, water pollution, and soil degradation, which governments would also have to manage by coordinating the actions of individual smallholders. This paper identifies the kind of institutional infrastructure and policy support that African agriculture will need to have in place to expand irrigation beyond its current status.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46979352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Joint-Financing Framework for Water Services in the Thousand Island Lake Water Distribution Project in Eastern China 中国东部千岛湖配水工程供水服务联合融资框架

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x21500193

Di Mao, Manhong Shen, Huiming Xie

{"title":"Joint-Financing Framework for Water Services in the Thousand Island Lake Water Distribution Project in Eastern China","authors":"Di Mao, Manhong Shen, Huiming Xie","doi":"10.1142/s2382624x21500193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2382624x21500193","url":null,"abstract":"Valuing water is difficult and contentious owing to water’s physical, political, and economic characteristics. Combining household-level and county-level data at the county level could clarify the responsibilities of both the government and users. In the Thousand Island Lake Water Distribution Project (TILWDP), the upstream ecosystem services provider, Chunan County, is assumed to sustain a tremendous opportunity cost due to the extremely strict environmental protection requirements of the project. To estimate the opportunity cost of supplying fresh water that meets the standards of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, a synthetic control model is introduced, and county-level macroeconomic data are used. A funding gap was estimated in the current government-financed situation. Meanwhile, willingness to pay is calculated based on household-level data collected in the downstream area. The estimate indicates that the combination of ecological compensation payments from governments and downstream stakeholders’ willingness to pay for water services could completely cover the upstream service provider’s opportunity cost. Specifically, the related central and downstream governments would need to take on approximately 1/3 of the total cost, while the users from the downstream area would take on the rest. The proposed policies include adopting government–user joint-financing payment for ecosystem services (PES) schemes for regional ecological and environmental cooperation in China, implementing diversified payment vehicles, launching additional environmental education projects, etc.","PeriodicalId":48492,"journal":{"name":"Water Economics and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Systems thinking for more holistic analysis of low-and middle-income country water utility problems and solutions 对低收入和中等收入国家水务问题和解决方案进行更全面分析的系统思考

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22710023

M. Jeuland

引用次数: 1

Water Affordability and Accessibility in Baltimore, Maryland 马里兰州巴尔的摩市的可负担性和可及性

IF 1.1 4区经济学

Water Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1142/s2382624x22500047

S. Hanke, Christopher Arena

引用次数: 0